关节镜与MRI诊断膝关节韧带损伤的对照研究

目的对比关节镜与MRI检查膝关节韧带损伤的精准率,评价临床应用效果。方法选取膝关节韧带损伤患者52例,进行关节镜及手术前先采用MRI诊断技术进行检查,检查后的7d~6个月内进行关节镜检查或手术,将两次诊断的结果进行对比。结果 MRI诊断与关节镜及手术损伤程度的符合率:前交叉韧带为93.5%,后交叉韧带为100%,外侧副韧带为90.6%,内侧副韧带为88.5%,关节镜及手术对比诊断的符合率为93.1%。结论膝关节韧带损伤的诊断检查采用MRI诊断技术,具有精准率高、无创、安全、方便等优势,临床应用效果满意。     

Use of arthroscopy for knee joint diagnosis in children]

Diagnostic arthroscopy in 25 patients below 18 years of age was performed. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed in 48% of cases. The differences occurred mainly in diagnoses of menisceal injuries. In 10 cases (40%) arthroscopy indicated no need for further surgical treatment. In the author's view more frequent use of arthroscopy in diagnosing knee problems in children is justified.     

膝关节周围创伤伴腘窝血管伤的早期诊断与救治

目的 :探讨膝关节周围创伤伴腘窝血管伤的早期诊断与救治。方法 :回顾性分析2007年1月至2013年1月15例膝关节周围骨折、脱位伴腘窝血管损伤患者的临床资料,其中男9例,女6例;年龄26~62岁,平均39.2岁。结合临床症状、体征,运用血氧饱和度监测仪、彩色超声、DSA介入造影及手术探查等方法明确血管损伤,分别采用组合式外固定支架、钢板螺钉股骨髁逆行交锁钉内固定骨折及膝关节脱位,并根据具体情况对损伤血管进行取栓、修补、自体静脉移植重建血循环,分析手术时间、住院天数、保肢指数、输血量、医疗费用及感染发生情况,明确早期诊断及有效救治的作用。结果:本组患者死亡1例,截肢8例,6例手术成功修复腘动脉、胫前及胫后动脉。6例肢体存活患者随访12~60个月,平均28.3个月。保肢成功且关节功能优良4例。结论:膝关节周围创伤伴腘窝血管伤具有伤情复杂且严重、易误漏诊、预后差、保肢风险高等特点,应结合患者的创伤机制、损伤部位局部解剖特点、临床表现及适当的辅助检查来把握膝关节周围创伤伴腘窝血管伤的早期诊断,掌握合适的保肢与截肢指征以高效救治患者。     

急性膝关节痛风性关节炎关节镜下诊断与治疗

[目的]提高对单纯膝关节起病的急性痛风性关节炎的诊断认识和治疗水平。[方法]回顾总结2000年以来关节镜检查发现的17例膝关节急性痛风性关节炎的诊治经过，经半年以上随访，进行疗效观察。[结果]17例病人中仅有5例疑及本病，余均误诊，全部病例在关节镜检查后发现确诊，并一期行镜下关节内清理术，术后配以系统药物等治疗，随访10—24个月，近期和远期均取得满意疗效。[结论]单纯以膝关节起病的急性痛风性关节炎少见，误诊率高，随着关节镜技术不断提高和广泛应用，其诊断率将会获得提高，同时亦为外科早期介入治疗急性痛风性关节炎增加了一个新的方法。     

Accuracy of clinical diagnosis in knee arthroscopy

A prospective study of 238 patients was performed in a district general hospital to assess current diagnostic accuracy rates and to ascertain the use and the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning in reducing the number of negative arthroscopies. The pre-operative diagnosis of patients listed for knee arthroscopy was medial meniscus tear 94 (40%) and osteoarthritis 59 (25%). MRI scans were requested in 57 patients (24%) with medial meniscus tear representing 65% (37 patients). The correlation study was done between pre-operative diagnosis, MRI and arthroscopic diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis was as accurate as the MRI with 79% agreement between the preoperative diagnosis and arthroscopy compared to 77% agreement between MRI scan and arthroscopy. There was no evidence, in this study, that MRI scan can reduce the number of negative arthroscopies. Four normal MRI scans had positive arthroscopic diagnosis (two torn medial meniscus, one torn lateral meniscus and one chondromalacia patella). Out of 240 arthroscopies, there were only 10 normal knees (negative arthroscopy) representing 4% of the total number of knee arthroscopies; one patient of those 10 cases had MRI scan with ACL rupture diagnosis.     

关节镜在膝痛风性关节炎诊治中的临床应用分析

[目的]通过对临床应用关节镜治疗膝痛风性关节炎的回顾性分析,评估关节镜技术在膝关节痛风性关节炎诊断和治疗中的临床应用效果。[方法]通过对自2001年8月～2010年7月施行的1 020例膝关节镜手术病人进行回顾性分析,评估其中26例诊断为膝痛风性关节炎患者的治疗过程及效果。结果 26例患者均行膝关节镜下灌洗、炎性滑膜清理,同时清理存在于关节软骨及半月板、韧带表面等部位的尿酸盐结晶,合并的半月板、关节软骨等关节内结构损伤一并处理,术后对确诊患者坚持内科药物治疗。[结果]所有患者术后关节肿痛及功能受限等临床症状均明显缓解或消失,切口甲级愈合,随访6～60个月,取得满意的临床效果。[结论]膝关节镜技术对膝痛风性关节炎的诊断及治疗具有确实可靠的临床效果和应用价值。     

关节镜在诊治急性痛风性关节炎中的价值

目的探讨关节镜诊断和治疗痛风性关节炎的价值。方法应用关节镜微创技术行滑膜组织多点取样病理检查；同时行滑膜刨削切除、关节软骨表面尿酸盐结晶体刮除。结果38例术前诊断急性痛风性关节炎18例（47．37％），漏诊20例（52．63％）。经关节镜下所见及多点滑膜病理检查和滑膜切除。30例得到随访，时间1～10年。采用Lysholm临床评分系统对关节功能进行评估，术后1年平均评分97．6分（95～100分）。结论关节镜微创技术对急性痛风性关节诊断和治疗有极其重要的价值。     

创伤性三角纤维软骨复合体损伤的腕关节镜诊断及治疗

目的 评价腕关节镜对创伤性腕关节三角纤维软骨复合体(TFCC)损伤进行诊断及治疗的效果.方法 选有急慢性外伤史的16例腕关节三角纤维软骨复合体可疑损伤患者,年龄19～39岁,平均27.6岁.对经体格检查、关节造影或MRI检查有异常,疑为TFCC损伤者施行关节镜检查.按照Palmer分型:I A型6例,I B型9例,I D型1例.I A型、I D型在关节镜下行TFCC修整术,IB型行边缘部撕裂缝合修复术.结果 术后平均随访19个月.按Green-O'Brien功能评定法评定:优13例,良2例,可1例.结论 腕关节镜手术治疗TFCC是一种微创、有效、安全的治疗方式.     

应用关节镜诊治运动性膝关节损伤

随着关节镜技术的发展,对膝关节损伤的诊断与治疗有了长足的进步。2004年5月-2010年7月,我们对17例运动性膝关节损伤患者采用膝关节镜诊治,临床效果满意,报道如下。     

关节镜联合开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节骨关节炎的早期效果

目的 分析关节镜结合胫骨高位截骨术((high tibial osteotomy, HTO)治疗膝关节骨关节炎的早期效果。方法　选取2018年6月至2019年6月绵阳市中心医院骨科收治的因膝关节骨关节炎接受关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨术的患者88例(88膝)患者。收集评价患者美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(hospital for special surgery knee score, HSS)、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、手术前后下肢全长下X线片胫股角(femorotibial angle, FTA)、胫骨近端内侧角(medial proximal tibial angle, MPTA)等指标,并进行分析。结果　全部患者均得到随访,随访时间6~18月,平均12月。患者HSS评分术前(57.46±4.87)分、术后(79.19±2.48)分、术后1月(81.52±3.97)分逐渐增加,VAS评分术前(4.03±0.82)分、术后(2.52±0.50)分、术后1月(1.00±0.81)分逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。FTA术前(179.72±2.30)°纠正至术后(172.81±1.36)°, MPTA术前(83.35±1.61)°纠正至术后(88.47±7.16)°,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论　关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节骨关节炎早期在下肢力线及疼痛改善方面能取得较为满意效果。但其膝关节软骨恢复情况等需要进一步长期随访研究。     

Clinical evaluation of the usefulness of knee arthroscopy]

The authors have analyzed the results of 570 cases of knee arthroscopy performed in 1974-1987, which included 441 diagnostic and 129 operative arthroscopies. The greatest diagnostic group consisted from 163 cases of suspicion of meniscus injury. Chondromalacia of the patella was the reason for arthroscopy in 53 cases. The importance of joint clinical and arthroscopic examination has been stressed.     

The significance of arthroscopy and examination under anaesthesia in the diagnosis of fresh injury haemarthrosis of the knee joint

Arthroscopy and examination under anaesthesia were performed for 328 consecutive knee injuries with haemarthrosis. These examinations were grouped according to a modified classification (Jackson and Abe, 1972) into very useful (117/328, 36 per cent), useful (98/328, 30 per cent) and useless (113/328, 34 per cent) categories. The probability of arthroscopy being useful was estimated mathematically. The factors which made this procedure useful were knee pain on exertion before the injury (P = 0.0561), the mechanism of the injury (P less than 0.0001) and the clinical stability of the patella (P = 0.0007). On arrival in the emergency department it was first decided whether the leg should be mobilized, immobilized in a plaster cast, operated on or, if a definitive diagnosis could not be reached, arthroscopy was deemed necessary. This resulted in the treatment following arthroscopy, and examination under anaesthesia, being altered from conservative to operative (P less than 0.0001). Results suggest that arthroscopy and examination under anaesthesia should always be considered to help in the diagnosis of acute injury haemarthrosis of the knee especially after a valgus or varus strain.     

Accuracy of clinical diagnosis in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy

A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent knee arthroscopy was undertaken to determine the accuracy of clinical diagnosis when compared with arthroscopic findings, and to see whether any specific pathologies were difficult to diagnose. The preoperative diagnosis was compared with the operative findings and the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the clinical diagnosis calculated. Six hundred ninety-eight patients were included. The overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnosis was 99%, 70% and 99%, respectively. Ninety percent of patients underwent a beneficial procedure, while 10% had a normal knee diagnosed at operation. Medial meniscal tear was the hardest pathology to diagnose with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity rates of 82%, 92% and 79%, respectively. Clinical examination remains an accurate method of assessing whether patients would benefit from an arthroscopy, although the correct diagnosis may not be determined preoperatively, particularly if pain was located in the medial tibio-femoral joint.     

Locoregional anesthesia for surgical arthroscopy of the knee]

A new technique for regional anaesthesia for arthroscopy of the knee is presented. The method includes sciatic nerve block according to the technique proposed by Labat, through a posterior approach and the block of the femoral and lateral cutaneous nerves using a single anterior approach. Results obtained in 30 patients are presented: they include good stability of the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters, high efficiency and duration of anaesthesia resulting in a satisfactory surgical procedure.     

Early diagnosis and treatment of blunt diaphragmatic injury

Diaphragmatic rupture following blunt torso trauma is an infrequent injury often posing a considerable diagnostic challenge. Between June 1984 and July 1986, nine patients sustaining rupture of the diaphragm due to blunt trauma were treated. All were injured in high-speed motor-vehicle accidents. Six patients arrived in shock (SBP less than or equal to 95 mm Hg). All patients had multiple associated injuries; mean ISS = 41.5. Eight patients (89%) had associated intra-abdominal injuries, the spleen being injured most frequently (63%). Associated thoracic injuries occurred in six patients (67%). The admission CXR was abnormal in eight patients (89%) but diagnostic of diaphragmatic rupture in only four. DPL was positive in four of five patients (80%) and falsely negative in one. Seven ruptures were left-sided, one right-sided and one involved the central tendon. All injuries were diagnosed shortly after admission and successfully repaired via a transabdominal approach. One patient died as a result of a massive subdural hematoma. Blunt diaphragmatic rupture is an indication of a high-energy insult and is usually associated with other major organ system injuries. An aggressive approach to the management of the multiply injured patient can result in early recognition and successful treatment of this injury.     

闭合性胰腺损伤的早期诊断和治疗

胰腺位于腹膜后,位置深在,与其它腹部脏器相比发病率相对较低．且常合并多器官及大血管损伤．早期诊断率低．并发症多,病死率高。在国外锐器伤是胰腺外伤的主要伤因,而在我国则以钝性伤为主。为总结经验,现将本院2000年至2007年收治的闭合性胰腺损伤病例作回顾性总结报告如下。     

关节镜辅助下修复重建膝关节多韧带损伤

目的 探讨关节镜辅助下修复重建膝关节多韧带损伤的手术效果.方法 对15例患者在关节镜监控下采用自体肌腱(腓骨长肌腱或健侧肢体半腱肌、股薄肌腱)、同种异体肌腱重建关节内的前、后交叉韧带,关节外的侧副韧带采用带线锚钉原位直接缝合或加强缝合.结果 15例均获得随访,时间10～24个月.按Lysholm功能评分标准:术前为25～42 (30.2±3.5)分,末次随访时为75～96(87.0±6.0)分;主动关节活动范围由术前40～100(65.0±12.5)°提高到术后100～140(120.0±15.0)°;术前、术后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).无感染或血管神经损伤等并发症发生.结论 关节镜辅助下联合使用自体和同种异体肌腱修复膝关节前、后交叉韧带损伤,可重建膝关节稳定性,是治疗膝关节多韧带损伤的有效方法.     

Intra- and postoperative complications in the arthroscopy of the knee joint]

Arthroscopy of the knee joint is one of the invasive surgical procedures that are connected with a relatively low risk of complications. Currently it is considered that in the group of diagnostic arthroscopies and technically simple operative arthroscopies all possible complications (less and more serious) account for 0.8-1.2% and in technically more advanced operations performed by means and under control of arthroscopy--1.5-5%. The purpose of this study was a retrospective analysis of intra- and postoperative complications in 10,770 arthroscopies performed in the years of 1986-2001. In our material a number of 731 (6.98%) various complications was observed. General complications (anaestesiological and cardiovascular) represented 0.15%, intraoperative complications--0.31% and postoperative complications--6.34%.