Ruptured rectal duplication cyst with classical bladder exstrophy

A newborn boy was brought to us, 2 hours after birth, with a mucosal-lined left hemiperineal lesion associated with classical bladder exstrophy and an anterolaterally displaced anus. Perineal anatomy was restored by excising the mucosa lined lesion. The bladder closure for classical bladder exstrophy was done at the same time. Histologically, gastric, respiratory, and small intestinal epithelia were present in the mucosa. A rectal duplication cyst that had ruptured in utero through the hemiperineum could explain the anomaly. The association of classical bladder exstrophy with ruptured rectal duplication cyst has never previously been described in the literature.     

An unusual presentation of a rectal duplication cyst

INTRODUCTIONIntestinal duplications are rare developmental anomalies that can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. Rectal duplication cysts account for approximately 4% of all duplication cysts. They usually present in childhood with symptoms of mass effect, local infection or more rarely with rectal bleeding from ectopic gastric mucosa.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 26 year old male presented with a history of bright red blood per rectum. On examination a mucosal defect with an associated cavity adjacent to the rectum was identified. This was confirmed with rigid proctoscopy and CT scan imaging. A complete transanal excision was performed.DISCUSSIONRectal duplication cysts are more common in pediatric patients. They more frequently present with symptoms of mass effect or local infection than with rectal bleeding. In adult patients they are a rare cause of rectal bleeding. Definitive treatment is with surgical excision. A transanal, transcoccygeal, posterior sagittal or a combined abdominoperineal approach may be used depending on anatomic characteristics of the duplication cyst.conclusionWe present a rare case of a rectal duplication cyst presenting in adulthood with rectal bleeding, managed with transanal excision.     

Laparoscopic excision of a newborn rectal duplication cyst

Congenital rectal duplication cyst is a rare entity treated with surgical excision. Without treatment, a rectal duplication cyst may cause a variety of complications, most notably, transforming into a malignancy. We report on a 7-week-old girl who was found to have a rectal duplication cyst. The rectal duplication cyst was successfully excised laparoscopically. Rectal duplication cysts are rare alimentary tract anomalies generally discovered during childhood. Complications include symptoms arising from the cyst and the possibility of malignant degeneration. They are typically managed by surgical excision.     

Rectosigmoid tubular duplication presenting as perineal sepsis in a neonate

Tubular rectal duplication is a very rare congenital anomaly. We report a case of tubular rectal duplication in a newborn baby who presented with perianal sepsis. The diagnosis was confirmed by barium enema, magnetic resonance imaging, and at operation. We performed total mucosectomy through a posterior sagittal incision combined with laparotomy. The patient was doing quite well at 17-month follow-up examination.     

Anorectal hamartoma in a neonate: a unique anorectal mass

Neonates presenting with perineal masses are uncommon. When encountered, most perineal masses are anorectal malformations, sacrococcygeal teratomas, rectal prolapse, or duplication cysts.We present an otherwise healthy newborn with a patent anal canal and a pedunculated anal mass. The mass was initially believed to be a prolapsed rectal duplication cyst. Further evaluation for concomitant congenital abnormalities was negative. The patient underwent mass excision at the bedside under local anesthesia. Histopathologic evaluation revealed benign hamartoma.This case is presented because of its rarity, unique presentation, and simplicity of management.     

套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合术治疗低位直肠癌86例的临床研究

目的 探讨低位直肠癌保留肛门括约肌功能最理想的治疗术式。方法 对86例低位直肠癌切除后经肛门行套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合术。肿瘤下缘距肛缘6－7cm 62例，8－10cm 24例。结果 全组无手术死亡，无吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄发生。术后8－12周时排便功能控制良好，排便次数为1－4次／d，18周时肛门排便功能基本恢复正常，排便次数为1－2次／d。术后随访3个月至8年，总的局部复发率为3．7％（3／81），总的5年生存率为66．7％（14／21）。结论 套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合术可避免腹部结肠造口，并防止吻合口瘘的发生，作为低位直肠癌保肛手术，是一种安全的术式。     

Perineal scar endometriosis ten years after Miles' procedure for rectal cancer: Case report and review of the literature

Endometriosis within a perineal scar after a Miles' procedure has not been previously reported in literature. We report a case of a 35-year-old-female who was treated 10 years before at the same institution for a low rectal cancer that presents with two discrete subcutaneous bulges within her perineal wound. Since the patient was asymptomatic and the complete work up for recurrent disease showed no evidence of malignancy, first line therapy was conservative. After two pregnancies and a caesarean section, the patient presented at our observation with enlarged and tender perineal nodules. The patient was treated with a wide excision of the perineal scar en-bloc with the nodules. Final pathology report was consistent with scar endometriosis.     

Heterotopic gastric mucosa in a duplicate gallbladder

A 7-year-old girl presented with recurrent acute pancreatitis. Detailed investigations, including endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, suggested a poorly defined biliary tract abnormality. At laparotomy, this was discovered to be a duplicate gallbladder each with a separate cystic duct but contained within a single serosal envelope. Both gallbladders were removed, and histologic examination found the inferior organ to be lined by heterotopic fundic-type gastric mucosa. Despite the absence of any remaining structural biliary abnormality and no evidence of residual ectopic gastric mucosa, the patient experienced a few further episodes of self-limiting mild acute pancreatitis during the following 3 years. The presence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in a duplicate gallbladder has not been described previously.     

Congenital Perineal Hernia: Report of a Case

Congenital perineal hernia is one of the rarest childhood hernias. We report a case of an infant with a congenital perineal hernia which was successfully repaired.     

腹腔镜超低位直肠癌经腹会阴联合切除会阴人工肛门重建术的疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜超低位直肠癌经腹会阴联合切除会阴人工肛门重建术的安全性和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2006年4月至2010年2月期间解放军第150中心医院全军肛肠外科研究所收治的102例超低位直肠癌行经腹会阴联合切除会阴人工肛门重建术的患者,其中腹腔镜手术58例（腹腔镜组）,开腹手术44例（开腹组）。观察指标包括手术时间、术中失血量、检出淋巴结数目、术后恢复流质饮食时间、术后首次肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症等;采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并经log-rank检验,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验。结果腹腔镜组和开腹组的一般临床病理资料比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。2组均顺利完成手术,无与手术相关的死亡病例。腹腔镜组的手术时间略长于开腹组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;腹腔镜组的术中失血量明显少于开腹组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;腹腔镜组的术后首次肛门排气时间、术后恢复流质饮食时间及术后住院时间均明显短于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;腹腔镜组检出淋巴结枚数明显多于开腹组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。2组患者的生存曲线比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.897）。结论腹腔镜超低位直肠癌经腹会阴联合切除会阴人工肛门重建手术与开腹直肠癌手术能达到同样的疗效,且其创伤小、术后恢复快、安全可行。     

Rectus Flap Reconstruction Decreases Perineal Wound Complications After Pelvic Chemoradiation and Surgery: A Cohort Study

Background A major source of morbidity after abdominoperineal resection (APR) after external beam pelvic radiation is perineal wound complications, seen in up to 66% of cases. Our purpose was to determine the effect of rectus abdominus myocutaneous (RAM) flap reconstruction on perineal wound morbidity in this population.Methods The study group consisted of 19 patients with anorectal cancer treated with external beam pelvic radiation followed by APR and RAM flap reconstruction of the perineum. A prospectively collected database was queried to identify a control group (n = 59) with anorectal cancer treated with similar radiation doses that subsequently underwent an APR without a RAM flap during the same time period. Comparison of percentages was performed with a two-sided Fishers exact test, and comparison of means was performed with Wilcoxons test.Results Perineal wound complications occurred in 3 (15.8%) of the RAM flap patients and 26 (44.1%) of the control patients (P = .03). The incidence of other complications was not different between groups (42.1% vs. 42.4%; P = .8). Despite an increased number of anal squamous tumors, an increased vaginectomy rate, increased use of intraoperative radiotherapy, and an increased proportion of cases with recurrent disease, the flap group had a significantly lower rate of perineal wound complications relative to the control group.Conclusions Perineal closure with a RAM flap significantly decreases the incidence of perineal wound complications in patients undergoing external beam pelvic radiation and APR for anorectal neoplasia. Because other complications are not increased, RAM flap closure of the perineal wound should be strongly considered in this patient population.Presented at the Society of Surgical Oncologys 57th Annual Cancer Symposium, New York, New York, March 2004.     

Small bowel obstruction presenting with a rectal haematoma

We report on a case of an 85-year old man with an unusual presentation of small bowel obstruction. A palpable mass on digital rectal examination was subsequently visualised endoscopically with the appearance of a haematoma. The presence of a rectal mass as a presenting sign for small bowel obstruction is highly unusual and unreported in the literature.     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术对病人生活质量影响的分析

目的:比较腹腔镜直肠癌根治术与传统开腹手术对病人术后生活质量(quality of life,QOL)的影响。方法:对照研究25例腹腔镜直肠癌根治术(腹腔镜组)和29例开腹直肠癌根治术(开腹组),采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织的癌症病人QOL评价量表QLQ-C30,评价和比较手术前后QOL的变化特征。结果:两组病人在年龄、性别、肿瘤与肛缘距离、TNM分期方面差异均无统计学意义。两组病人术后早期除情绪功能和认知功能以外的QOL总体评价较术前均明显下降,术后3～6个月,各项功能分值呈逐渐恢复趋势,腹腔镜组恢复显著早于开腹组(P<0.05)。总体健康状况量表的评价结果显示,腹腔镜组病人QOL恢复到中等以上水平的时间也显著早于开腹组。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术不但创伤小、痛苦少、恢复快,且病人术后QOL恢复较开腹手术佳。     

Bladder exstrophy associated with complete urethral duplication: Bladder can be augmented with dorsal urethral mucosa

Bladder exstrophy associated with complete urethral duplication is very rare with only 8 reported cases in the English literature. This is a report of a16 years old boy who had originally been diagnosed with only bladder exstrophy but was discovered to have a normal ventral urethra intra-operatively during penile disassembly. The mucosa of the dorsal urethral plate was transected at the corona and mobilised proximally to augment the bladder. The ventral urethra was preserved and the bladder closed. At 14 months follow up he is voiding normally, has adequate bladder capacity and a normal penis. Post operative voiding cystogram shows bilateral grade 2 vesicoureteric reflux.In conclusion, bladder exstrophy with urethra duplication is rare and the diagnosis usually missed. The mucosa of the dorsal urethral plate can be preserved and used to augment the bladder.     

Perineal pseudocontinent colostomy for ultra-low rectal adenocarcinoma: the muscular graft as a pseudosphincter

Background and study aim: The aim of this study was to analyze objectively the role of the muscular graft in the continence using manometric study in the patients who underwent pseudocontinent perineal colostomy after abdominoperineal resection for rectal adenocarcinoma.

Patients and methods: This was a retrospective study including all the patients from January 2002 to December 2009 who underwent an abdominoperineal resection followed by perineal pseudocontinent colostomy for ultra-low rectal adenocarcinoma and agreed to perform the manometric evaluation of the muscular graft.

Results: Fifteen patients were included, six males and nine females, with a mean age of 50 years. According to Kirwan’s classification, 2 (13.3%) patients had normal continence (Stage A) had 10 (66.6%) no soiling (stage B) and 3 (20%) patients had minimal soiling (Stage C). The manometric evaluation was performed after a median period of 12 months post-surgery. The mean maximal resting and squeeze pressures were respectively 41 cmH2O and 59 cmH2O and the mean colonic sensory volume was 12?ml.

Conclusion: This study showed that the musculae graft of Pseudocontinent Perineal colostomy acted as a hypotonic sphincter that pressure can increase during the voluntary squeeze. These data may help to clarify the functional outcomes of this technique after APR for ultra-low rectal adenocarcinoma.     

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of rectum presenting with rectal prolapse

Involvement of the rectum by primary or secondary malignant lymphoma is uncommon in adults. Primary lymphoma of the rectum in children is an extremely rare occurrence. We describe a 12-year-old boy with a localized rectal tumor that presented with rectal prolapse and bleeding, mimicking a juvenile polyp. He underwent transrectal local wide excision of the tumor, and the pathologic condition proved to be non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of diffuse large B-cell type. This case illustrates the importance of considering the possibility of a rectal malignancy manifesting as a rectal prolapse even in children and the surgical strategy used.     

Perineal ultrasound in the study of urethral mobility: proposal of a normal physiological range

The aim of the study was to determine, using perineal ultrasound, the physiological range for urethral mobility in normal women. Sixty healthy women were enrolled. The ultrasound parameters obtained with a perineal "static" and "dynamic" evaluation method were: pubic-urethral distance and inclination angle of the urethral axis. We propose a physiological range of pubic-urethral distance under stress in young women between 10 and 15 mm, the inclination angle of the urethral axis is between 60 and 100 degrees . In peri-post-menopause women we establish a non-rigid range of mobility in relation to age and parity: between 15 and 18 mm for the pubis-urethra distance and 80 degrees and 120 degrees for the angle of the urethral axis. Defining a range of normality for urethral mobility through ultrasound is useful for further studying therapeutic choices and help to identify the surgical correction and post-operative follow-up.     

Trans-uretero-ureterostomy with a blind-ending ureteral duplication

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