GSTP1和RASSF1A在前列腺癌组织中的甲基化检测及其表达研究

目的:研究前列腺癌和前列腺增生组织中GSTP1和RASSF1A基因的甲基化差异及其蛋白表达情况,探讨GSTP1和RASSF1A基因甲基化作为前列腺癌早期诊断的价值,并揭示该基因甲基化与前列腺癌的发生发展的关系。方法:采用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(MSP)方法检测GSTP1和RASSF1A基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化状态,并运用免疫组化SP染色法检测前列腺癌组织中GSTP1和RASSF1A基因的蛋白表达情况。结果:前列腺癌组织中GSTP1和RASSF1A基因甲基化检出率均明显高于前列腺增生组织,差异均有统计学意义(GSTP1:76.00%vs3.33%,P0.001;RASSF1A:68.00%vs16.67%,P0.001)。在前列腺癌中,GSTP1和RASSF1A蛋白阳性表达均明显低于前列腺增生组织,差异均有统计学意义(GSTP1:20.00%vs76.67%,P0.001;RASSF1A:38.00%vs90.00%,P0.001)。结论:GSTP1和RASSF1A基因异常甲基化可导致靶基因的蛋白表达降低,促进前列腺癌的发生发展。因此,GSTP1和RASSF1A基因在前列腺癌的发生、发展中起到重要作用,检测GSTP1和RASSF1A基因的甲基化有望成为前列腺癌早期诊断的分子标志物。     

食管癌组织RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化检测及其临床意义

目的探讨Ras相关结构域家族基因1A（RASSF1A）启动子区异常甲基化与食管癌发生发展的关系。方法采用甲基化特异性PCR方法,检测66例食管癌组织及相应的癌旁正常组织RASSF1A基因启动子区异常甲基化。分析食管癌组织中RASSF1A基因启动子区异常甲基化与临床病理特征的关系。结果在食管癌组织、癌旁正常组织中RASSF1A基因启动子区异常甲基化的发生率分别为48．5％（32／66）、6．1％（4／66）。淋巴结转移者食管癌组织中RASSF1A基因启动子区异常甲基化的发生率（61．1％）明显高于无淋巴结转移者（33．3％）（χ^2=5．055,P=0．025）;晚期（Ⅲ～Ⅳ期）食管癌组织中RASSF1A基因启动子区异常甲基化的发生率（69．2％）明显高于早期（Ⅰ～Ⅱ期）（35．0％）（χ^2=7．392,P=0．007）;食管癌组织中RASSF1A基因启动子区异常甲基化与肿瘤分化程度无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论食管癌组织中存在RASSF1A基因启动子区的异常甲基化,甲基化与食管癌病理分期和淋巴结转移有关。     

贲门癌组织Ras相关区域家族1A基因启动子区甲基化检测

目的:探讨贲门腺癌(GCA)发生中Ras相关区域家族1A(RASSF1A)基因启动子区异常甲基化的作用.方法:采用甲基化特异性PCR法检测81例贲门腺癌及其中20例癌旁正常组织RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化变化特征,并分析RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化与肿瘤大体分型、分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期等临床病理特征的关系.结果:GCA组织中RASSF1A基因甲基化阳性率(72%,58/81)显著高于癌旁正常组织(5%,1/20)(P＜0.05).GCA组织RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化与肿瘤大体分型、分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期等临床病理特征无关.结论:RASSF1A基因甲基化是GCA癌变过程中频发的分子事件,可能在GCA发生中起一定作用.     

前列腺癌相关基因PAX5启动子甲基化的临床意义

目的：探讨PAX5基因启动子甲基化作为前列腺癌生物标志物的临床价值。 方法：采用Real time RT-PCR检测前列腺细胞系（RWPE-1、LNCaP、PC-3、DU145）中PAX5 mRNA的表达,甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)法分析4株前列腺细胞的甲基化状态;去甲基化药物处理后,Real time RT-PCR法检测肿瘤细胞PAX5基因mRNA表达; Real time MSP法检测64例前列腺癌患者、22例前列腺增生患者与47例健康体检者血清中PAX5基因启动子甲基化水平,并统计分析血清PAX5基因启动子甲基化水平与临床病理参数的相关性;运用ROC曲线分析PAX5基因启动子甲基化在前列腺癌诊断中的价值。结果：Real time RT-PCR结果显示,与正常前列腺上皮细胞RWPE-1相比,PAX5 mRNA在3株前列腺癌细胞中均表达下调;LNCaP、PC-3、DU145前列腺癌细胞均可检测到PAX5基因启动子甲基化,而正常前列腺上皮细胞RWPE-1不存在PAX5基因启动子甲基化;去甲基化药物可恢复PAX5基因mRNA表达;Real time MSP结果显示,前列腺癌患者的血清PAX5基因启动子甲基化水平显著高于前列腺增生患者和健康体检者;前列腺癌患者的血清PAX5基因启动子甲基化率与Gleason评分和TNM分期有关;ROC结果显示PAX5基因的诊断价值优于PSA。结论：本研究结果提示启动子甲基化是前列腺癌细胞中PAX5基因表达下调的主要原因,血清PAX5启动子甲基化是一种潜在的前列腺癌诊断标志物。     

RASSF1A和APC基因启动子区甲基化与前列腺癌的关系

目的研究Ras相关区域家族1A (Ras association domain family 1 isoform A,RASSF1A)及结肠腺瘤性息肉病(adenomatosis polyposis coli,APC)基因启动子区CpG甲基化及与前列腺癌(PCa)之间的关系,探索PCa早期诊断的检测方法。方法收集60例PCa和40例前列腺增生(BPH)病例的组织标本及其相关的临床指标。应用亚硫酸氢盐修饰后测序法检测PCa组织及BPH组织中RASSF1A、APC基因启动子区CpG甲基化情况。结果PCa组RASSF1A、APC基因CG位点甲基化率高于BPH组(60.8% vs 14%,48.84% vs 1.19%,P＜0.05);基因甲基化率与PSA、Gleason评分、病理分期和PCa危险分期关系密切(P＜0.01);RASSF1A及APC基因甲基化联合检测用于判断PCa及BPH的敏感度和特异度是95.74%和82.9%。结论RASSF1A、APC基因启动子区甲基化与PCa发生及发展有关,其甲基化率的变化与PCa的危险分期关系密切。检测前列腺组织中相关基因甲基化状态,有望成为诊断早期PCa的一种方法。     

肾细胞癌RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化状况与表达水平研究

目的 检测19例肾细胞癌患者癌组织及癌旁组织Ras相关区域家族蛋白1A(RASSF1A)基因启动子区甲基化情况并检测其mRNA表达水平,探索两者之间的联系.方法 收集肾细胞癌患者癌组织及相应癌旁组织19份,分别提取其基因组DNA,以甲基化特异性PCR(Methylation special PCR, MSP)法检测RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化情况,并以QPCR法检测了RASSF1A基因的mRNA表达水平.结果 19例中有10例肾细胞癌患者癌组织存在高甲基化, mRNA表达水平表达降低,二者之间存在显著负相关性(r=-0.8734, P<0.01).结论 肾细胞癌中RASSF1A基因启动子区存在高甲基化,并抑制该基因的表达.     

乳腺癌患者RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化及临床意义

目的 探讨乳腺癌组织中RASSF1A（RAS association domain family 1A）基因启动子区CPG岛甲基化状态及临床意义。方法 用甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）检测40份乳腺癌组织和24份正常乳腺组织中RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化状态。结果 乳腺癌组织中RASSF1A基因启动子区CPG岛甲基化率为45．0％（18／40），与正常乳腺组织比较差异有显著性（2／24）（P〈0.05），但与肿瘤病理类型、患者年龄、有无淋巴结转移的差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 RASSF1A基因启动予区在乳腺癌中发生异常甲基化，为乳腺癌的候选基因。     

RASSF 1A基因在卵巢癌组织及腹腔冲洗液中甲基化的研究

目的:探讨卵巢癌组织和腹腔冲洗液中Ras相关区域家族1A (Ras association domain family 1A,RASSF 1A)基因启动子异常甲基化状况及其在卵巢癌诊断中的价值。方法:采用甲基化特异性PCR方法检测42例卵巢癌组织、腹腔冲洗液或腹腔积液、11例正常卵巢组织和19例良性病变卵巢组织中RASSF 1A基因启动子区甲基化状态。结果:42例卵巢癌组织中RASSF 1A基因启动子区甲基化发生率为38.1%,11例正常卵巢组织和19例良性卵巢组织中RASSF 1A基因启动子区无甲基化,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。临床分期Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期的卵巢癌组织中RASSF 1A基因启动子区甲基化发生率为54.2%,高于临床Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期者16.6%(P<0.05)。淋巴结阳性者癌组织中RASSF 1A基因启动子区甲基化发生率56.5%,高于淋巴结阴性者15.8%。腹腔冲洗液或腹腔积液细胞学阳性者癌组织中RASSF 1A基因启动子区甲基化发生率为74.1%,高于腹腔冲洗液或腹腔积液细胞学阴性者33.3%(P<0.01)。结论:RASSF 1A基因甲基化在卵巢癌患者中具有较高的发生率,检测卵巢癌组织和腹腔冲洗液或腹腔积液中RASSF 1A基因的甲基化状态对卵巢癌的诊断和判断预后具有一定的价值。     

肾癌组织中RASSF1A和BLU基因的异常甲基化

目的:观察肾癌组织中RASSF1A和BLU基因启动子甲基化状态,探讨二者在肾癌发生中的可能作用.方法:采用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)技术检测26例肾癌组织和相应癌旁组织中RASSF1A和BLU基因启动子甲基化状态,分析二者检测结果.结果:肾癌组织中17例(65.4%)RASSF1A基因异常甲基化表达,相应癌旁组织中无RASSF1A基因异常甲基化表达;11例(42.3%)肾癌组织中BLU基因高甲基化,相应癌周组织中未发现BLU基因高甲基化.结论:肾癌组织中RASSF1A和BLU基因启动子高度甲基化,表明RASSF1A和BLU基因甲基化可能与肾癌的发生相关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.