High incidence of lower urinary tract dysfunction in women with recurrent urinary tract infections

The aim of this study was to evaluate lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in women with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). One hundred consecutive female patients with recurrent UTIs who underwent videourodynamic study (VUDS) were included. Another 25 women free from recurrent UTIs served as controls. All the underlying diseases, urine analysis and culture results, VUDS findings, and treatment outcomes of voiding dysfunction were carefully reviewed and analyzed. The mean age of the recurrent UTIs patients was 64.0 ± 16.0 years. Storage and voiding dysfunctions were found in 90 (90%) patients, including bladder neck dysfunction in 19 (19%), detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contractility in 6 (6%), detrusor overactivity in 5 (5%), detrusor underactivity in 10 (10%), dysfunctional voiding in 25 (25%), hypersensitive bladder in 6 (6%), and poor relaxation of the pelvic floor muscle in 20 (20%). Only 10 (10%) patients had normal urodynamic tracings. Compared with the controls, the recurrent UTI patients had significantly smaller cystometric bladder capacity, lower maximum flow rate, smaller voided volume, higher detrusor pressure, and larger PVR volume. However, only 6 (11.3%) patients with recurrent UTIs were free from subsequent UTIs following individualized treatment for their voiding dysfunction. A high incidence of vide urodynamic LUTD was identified in women with recurrent UTIs. Despite receiving individualized treatments based on their VUDS findings, only a small portion of these patients were subsequently free from UTIs.     

Association between osteoarthritis and urinary tract infection in older adults: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Osteoarthritis (OA) may increase urinary tract infection (UTI) in older adults. However, this issue remains unclear. We identified 8599 older patients (≥65 years) with OA, and an equal number of older patients without OA, matched by age, sex, and index date from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2001 and 2005. Past histories, including UTI and underlying comorbidities, were included in the analyses. Comparisons for any UTI, ≥1 hospitalization for UTI, and ≥3 hospitalizations for UTI between the 2 cohorts by following up until 2015 were performed. In both cohorts, the percentages of age subgroups were 65–74 years (65.7%), 75–84 years (30.1%), and ≥85 years (4.2%). The male sex was 42.4%. Patients with OA had an increased risk of any UTI compared with those without OA after adjusting for all past histories (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64–1.80). Compared with patients without OA, patients with OA also had an increased risk of ≥1 hospitalization for UTI and ≥3 hospitalizations for UTI (AHR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06–1.19 and AHR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.13−1.38, respectively). In addition to OA, age 75–84 years, female sex, history of UTI, benign prostatic hyperplasia, indwelling urinary catheter, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, and urolithiasis were independent predictors for any UTI. This study showed that OA was associated with UTI in older adults. We suggest appropriately managing OA and controlling underlying comorbidities to prevent subsequent UTI.     

雌激素替代辅助治疗老年绝经女性再发性下尿路感染

目的研究雌激素替代辅助治疗老年女性再发性下尿路感染的疗效。方法绝经期后再发性下尿路感染患者146例,随机分为2组,治疗组采用7-甲异炔诺酮(livial,利维爱)或雌三醇(ovestin,欧维婷)联合抗生素,对照组则只采用抗生素治疗。随访观察治疗后6月内的情况。结果随着时间的推移,雌激素辅助治疗组下尿路感染的再发生率逐渐降低,3月时差异最显著;但雌激素停用3月后2组的再发感染率又归于相近。结论对于在治疗老年女性再发性下尿路感染时长期使用雌激素辅助疗法的利弊,临床上尚需要进一步研究。     

莫西沙星治疗泌尿系感染的疗效与安全性研究

目的评价新一代氟喹诺酮类抗菌药莫西沙星片剂治疗泌尿系感染的有效性与安全性。方法采用随机双盲对照实验及开放实验。实验组清晨口服莫西沙星1粒400mg及1粒安慰剂,晚上口服安慰剂2粒。对照组13服左旋氧氟沙星200mg,2次／天。开放组清晨口服莫西沙星1粒400mg。疗程为7—14天。共人选病例66例,各组均为22例。结果治疗结束后第1天,各组临床有效率分别为63％、59％和75％,细菌学有效率在治疗结束后第1天分别为100％、100％和80％。第7天分别为100％、100％和87％。对可进行疗效评价的病例中分别分离出的细菌进行药敏实验,莫西沙星和左旋氧氟沙星对上述细菌的敏感率均为100％,优于氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和司帕沙星。莫西沙星的不良反应轻微,与对照组比较差异无显著性。结论莫西沙星治疗泌尿系感染服用方便,疗效确切,安全性好。     

Variation by specialty in the treatment of urinary tract infection in women

To determine practicing physicians' strategies for diagnosing and managing uncomplicated urinary tract infection, we surveyed physicians in general internal medicine, family practice, obstetrics and gynecology, and emergency medicine in four states. Responses differed significantly by respondents' specialty. For example, nitrofurantoin was the antibiotic of first choice for 46% of obstetricians, while over 80% in the other specialties chose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Most surveyed said they do not usually order urine culture, but the percentage who do varied by specialty. Most use a colony count of 10(5) colony-forming units or more for diagnosis although evidence favors a lower threshold, and 70% continue antibiotic therapy even if the culture result is negative. This survey found considerable variation by specialty and also among individual physicians regarding diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection and also suggests that some of the new information from the literature has not been translated to clinical practice.     

Efficacy,safety, and tolerability of extended-release once-daily tolterodine treatment for overactive bladder in older versus younger patients

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a new, once-daily extended-release (ER) formulation of tolterodine in treating overactive bladder in older (> or =65) and younger (<65) patients. DESIGN: A 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. SETTING: An international study conducted at 167 medical centers. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand fifteen patients (43.1% aged > or =65) with urge incontinence and urinary frequency. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized to treatment with tolterodine ER 4 mg once daily (qd) (n = 507) or placebo (n = 508) for 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Efficacy, measured with micturition charts (incontinence episodes, micturitions, volume voided per micturition) and subjective patient assessments, safety, and tolerability endpoints were evaluated, relative to placebo, according to two age cohorts: younger than 65 and 65 and older. RESULTS: Mean age in the older and younger patient cohorts was 74 (range 65-93) and 51 (range 20-64), respectively. Compared with placebo, significant improvements in micturition chart variables with tolterodine ER showed no age-related differences. Irrespective of age, significantly more tolterodine ER recipients than placebo recipients reported an improvement in urgency symptoms. After 12 weeks of treatment with tolterodine ER, a fivefold increase in the percentage of patients able to finish tasks before voiding in response to urgency was noted in both age groups (<65: from 6.5-32.8%, > or =65: from 5.1-26.2%). Tolterodine ER recipients, irrespective of age, also had significant improvements in their bladder condition than did placebo recipients. Overall, a greater percentage of patients, irrespective of age, perceived any benefit with tolterodine ER than with placebo (P <.001). Dry mouth (of any severity) was the most common adverse event in both the tolterodine ER and placebo treatment arms, irrespective of age (<65: ER 22.7%, placebo 8.1%; > or =65: ER 24.3%, placebo 7.2%). Few patients (<2%) experienced severe dry mouth. No central nervous system, visual, cardiac (per electrocardiogram), or laboratory safety concerns were noted. Withdrawal rates due to adverse events on tolterodine ER 4 mg qd were comparable in the two age cohorts (<65: 5.5%; > or =65: 5.1%; P =.87). CONCLUSIONS: The new, once-daily ER formulation of tolterodine is efficacious, safe, and well tolerated in the treatment of patients with symptoms of overactive bladder, irrespective of age.     

Virulent Escherichia coli strains among Egyptian patients with acute diarrhoea versus urinary tract infection,and their antibiotic susceptibility

Background and study aimsDiarrhoea and urinary tract infection (UTI) are common clinical problems. Meanwhile, Escherichia coli (E. coli), is the commonest bacterial pathogen reported in both of them. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenic E. coli (PEC) in stool of acute diarrhoea and urine of UTI regarding their virulence genes and their influence on the susceptibility to routinely prescribed antibiotics.Patients and methodsTwenty two stool and another 22 urine samples of patients with acute diarrhoea and UTI respectively were collected from patients admitted at Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. E. coli isolation, identification of their phyla; chuA, yjaA, and TspE4.C2, and further identification of 10 virulent genes; fimH, papC, papG//, papG///, papEF, afa, sfa, CNF1, iroN & hlyA was performed. Antibiotic susceptibility was studied against quinolones, gentamicin (GM), and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX).ResultsThe studied virulence genes were comparably detected in both pathogenic samples. In diarrheogenic E. coli (DEC); phylum A was significantly related to both ciprofloxacin (CIP) and TMP-SMX resistance, and both of the virulence genes fimH and iroN were significantly related to all the studied antibiotics resistance, while afa was significantly related to nalidixic acid (NA) resistance. In uropathogenic E. coli (UEC); phylum D was significantly related to CIP and levofloxacin resistance, and both of the virulence genes fimH and iroN were significantly related to most of the studied antibiotics resistance.ConclusionThe isolated PEC was evidently and broadly resistant to the studied antibiotics, with limited influence of their phyla and virulence genes (fimH and iroN).     

尿路感染病原菌的构成比及耐药性

目的：了解尿路感染病原菌的构成比及耐药性,为临床医师合理用药提供科学依据。方法：病原菌培养和鉴定按照《全国临床检验操作规程》进行。药敏试验采用CLSI推荐的K-B法进行。结果：207株尿路感染病原菌中,大肠埃希菌和肠球菌属分离率分别居第1、2位,占25．6％、14．5％;所有病原菌对抗菌药物均产生了一定的耐药性,但革兰阳性球菌对糖肽类抗生素100％敏感;革兰阴性杆菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素100％敏感。结论：尿路感染病原菌的耐药率不断上升,应采取有效措施遏制细菌耐药性增长的不良趋势。     

老年糖尿病患者泌尿道感染的病原谱及药敏分析

目的了解老年糖尿病患者泌尿道感染的常见病原菌及药敏情况。方法采用细菌培养鉴定、药敏试验方法,对老年糖尿病合并泌尿道感染患者的70株中段尿分离菌株进行统计学分析。结果70株病原菌中,革兰氏阴性菌占65．7％;革兰氏阳性菌占21．4％;真菌占12．9％。革兰氏阴性菌中大肠埃希菌最多;革兰氏阳性菌中溶血葡萄球菌最多,未发现对万古霉素耐药的肠球菌。真菌以白假丝酵母菌为主。革兰氏阴性菌敏感性高的抗生素：美洛培南和亚胺培南、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦;革兰氏阳性菌中,溶血葡萄球菌对夫西地酸、利福平、米诺环素、替考拉宁、万古霉素、呋喃妥因、喹奴普汀／达福普汀高度敏感,粪肠球菌及屎肠球菌仅对替考拉宁、万古霉素敏感性较高。白假丝酵母菌对氟康唑、伊曲康唑等药物敏感性较高。结论老年糖尿病患者合并泌尿道感染,常见的致病菌为革兰氏阴性菌。因细菌耐药率高,应及早进行中段尿培养及药敏试验。     

An interactive computer kiosk module for the treatment of recurrent uncomplicated cystitis in women

OBJECTIVE: To validate and implement a computer module for the management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI). PARTICIPANTS: Women age 18 to 64 years, with a previous UTI, voiding symptoms, and absence of complicating features (comorbidities, vaginal discharge, back pain, emesis, and fever/chills). MEASUREMENTS: The computer module was validated against clinician diagnosis and urine culture. Following validation, the module was implemented in the urgent care clinic as a management option for women with suspected UTI; computer-directed therapy (CDT)-eligible women received antibiotic treatment without a clinician examination. Patient satisfaction with the module and return visits for UTI-related complaints were assessed. RESULTS: In the validation study, 18 of 68 women (26%) were CDT-eligible. Clinicians diagnosed 17/18 CDT-eligible women with uncomplicated UTI. Sixty-seven percent of CDT-eligible women had a positive urine culture. Since implementation, 162 women have accessed the module, and 35% have received CDT. Ninety-eight percent (95% confidence interval: 95% to 100%) found the program easy to use and 95% (89% to 100%) would recommend it to friends/family. Two (4%) CDT-treated women had a return visit to our institution for a UTI-related illness within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: A computer module accurately identifies women with culture-confirmed, uncomplicated UTIs. Patients are highly satisfied with the module.     

Gut commensal microbiota and decreased risk for Enterobacteriaceae bacteriuria and urinary tract infection

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common complication in kidney transplant recipients and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence supports a role for the gut as a source for UTIs but little is known about the relationship between gut commensal bacteria and UTI development. We hypothesized that the abundance of gut commensal bacteria is associated with a lower risk of developing bacteriuria and UTIs. We performed gut microbiome profiling using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4-V5 hypervariable region on 510 fecal specimens in 168 kidney transplant recipients. Fifty-one kidney transplant recipients (30%) developed Enterobacteriaceae bacteriuria within the first 6 months after transplantation (Enterobacteriaceae Bacteriuria Group) and 117 did not (No Enterobacteriaceae Bacteriuria Group). The relative abundances of Faecalibacterium and Romboutsia were significantly higher in the fecal specimens from the No Enterobacteriaceae Bacteriuria Group than those from the Enterobacteriaceae Bacteriuria Group (Adjusted P value<.01). The combined relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Romboutsia was inversely correlated with the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (r = ?0.13, P = .003). In a multivariable Cox Regression, a top tercile cutoff of the combined relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Romboutsia of ≥13.7% was independently associated with a decreased risk for Enterobacteriaceae bacteriuria (hazard ratio 0.3, P = .02) and Enterobacteriaceae UTI (hazard ratio 0.4, P = .09). In conclusion, we identify bacterial taxa associated with decreased risk for Enterobacteriaceae bacteriuria and Enterobacteriaceae UTI in kidney transplant recipients, which supports future studies on modulating the gut microbiota as a novel treatment for preventing UTIs.