光学相干断层扫描对照眼底荧光造影在中心性浆液性视网膜病变中的应用

目的:探讨光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)在中心浆液性视网膜脉络膜病变(CSC)诊治和疗效观察方面的作用。方法:对28例(36眼)的CSC患者进行OCT及FFA检查。结果:28例(36眼)经FFA确诊的CSC患者渗漏点45个,其中6眼(13个渗漏点)在OCT图像上显示为神经上皮浆液脱离,2眼(2个渗漏点)为色素上皮脱离,20眼(35个渗漏点)表现为神经上皮层伴色素上皮层脱离。结论:利用OCT并FFA检查不但能定量、定性检查CSC患者,还能准确定位渗漏点,两者互为补充,准确有效指导激光治疗和随诊。     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变频域光学相干断层扫描

目的:探讨中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)形态学改变及其发病机制。方法:回顾性横断面观察研究,对43例(49眼)CSC患者进行FFA和频域光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)检查,并将两者结果对比观察。结果:呈典型FFA表现21只眼,OCT扫描均发现神经上皮脱离或色素上皮脱离或两者皆有。其中FFA中未发现任何异常荧光部位5只眼,在OCT中却可见局部色素上皮光带粗糙和小隆起。FFA中呈不典型的渗漏表现23只眼中,OCT扫描也发现神经上皮脱离或色素上皮脱离或两者皆有,其中局部视网膜色素上皮光带粗糙和小隆起表现8只眼。FFA中未见任何异常荧光的5只眼,其中OCT扫描却发现有只眼呈局限性浆液性神经上皮浅脱离,即视网膜的隐性渗漏。结论:CSC的发病机制可能为脉络膜循环障碍继发RPE损害。SD-OCT对FFA诊断和研究CSC有很好的补充甚至是替代作用。     

中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变的光学相关断层扫描

目的观察中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变(central exudative chorioretinopathy,CEC)的光学相关断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)的图像特征.方法对32例(34只眼)进行检眼镜、荧光眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)、OCT检查,并对所得结果进行分析.结果 34只眼的OCT图像中,均有色素上皮反光强弱不等及色素上皮下可见高反射组织的表现,并可根据是否合并视网膜神经上皮层脱离及色素上皮层脱离分为三种表现形式.结论 OCT诊断技术可对CEC提供丰富的诊断信息.     

FFA和OCT在中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变诊断中的应用体会

目的：探讨FFA和OCT在中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变诊断中的应用效果。方法：我院2013年8月～2014年3月就诊的20例中心性浆液性视网膜脉络膜患者20只眼,通过眼底荧光血管造影（ FFA）和光学相干断层扫描（ OCT）2项检查技术,根据眼底血液循环的动态过程和病变部位的形态学特点,对眼底病变的情况做出评估。结果：FFA造影检查时20只眼中的12只眼病灶中央先出现针尖状渗漏,然后彩呈墨渍样扩大,8只眼黄斑区早期出现针尖大小的渗漏点,晚期逐渐扩大像冒烟样向上喷出;OCT检查13只眼单纯神经上皮层脱离,黄斑中心凹曲线消失,视网膜神经上皮层增厚,7只眼经上皮层脱离伴色素上皮层脱离,黄斑区神经上皮层增厚脱离,神经上皮层与色素上皮层之间见液性暗区,局部见RPE层波浪状脱离,RPE层下见液性暗区。结论：FFA检查能敏感的观察到中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变血管渗漏的程度,OCT对于小的神经上皮脱离很敏感,并有效的进行定量分析,在实际的临床中可根据患者情况综合利用上述2项检查以达到更加准确而有效的临床目的。     

光学相干断层扫描血管成像在慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变合并隐匿性脉络膜新生血管中的诊断价值刘畅,赵玥,姚牧笛,曹国凡*南京医科大学眼科医院,江苏 南京 210029?通信作者(Corresponding auther),E-mail：caoguofan587@163.com

目的：研究光学相干断层扫描血管成像(Optical Coherence Tomogrence Tomographic Angiography, OCTA)在慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, CCSCR）合并隐匿性脉络膜新生血管（choroidal neovascularization,CNV）的诊断价值, 并总结其OCTA影像学特征。方法：收集我院确诊为CCSCR的患者30例30眼,所有患者均行视力、眼底照相、荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA）、吲哚青绿血管造影（indocyan-nine green angiograph,ICGA）、频域光学相干断层扫描仪（Spectralis OpticaI Coherence Tomography,Spectralis OCT）及光学相干断层扫描血管造影（optical coherence tomogrence tomographic angiography, OCTA）检查,回顾性分析患者临床资料。结果：30名患者（30只患眼）中,FFA的影像学特征表现为中浆特征性的高荧光渗漏,但结合ICGA和频域OCT的影像学特征并未发现明显的CNV形态及荧光渗漏表现。其中,9只患眼在OCTA中显示脉络膜毛细血管层出现异常新生血管,B-scan扫描的定性分析显示视网膜色素上皮层（retinal pigment epithelium,RPE）下方血流信号丰富,证实了其血管化性质。另外的21只患眼在OCTA中显示脉络膜血液循环正常,未见明显CNV形成;结论：OCTA可以分层观察视网膜和脉络膜,了解CCSCR黄斑区微血管异常,提高CCSCR合并隐匿性CNV的诊断率;在无法行眼底血管造影检查或眼底血管造影检查不能明确隐匿性CNV的存在时,OCTA可以发挥其快捷无创的优势,帮助CCSCR合并隐匿性CNV的鉴别诊断     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的吲哚青绿和荧光素血管造影

目的 观察中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（CSC）的吲哚青绿血管造影（ICGA）和荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）特征,以探讨该病的发病机制。方法 用Heidelberg共焦激光扫描眼底血管造影仪（HRA）对48例CSC患者（96只眼）进行ICGA和FFA。结果 全部受检眼中,ICGA都可见造影早期脉络膜有因为动脉充盈延迟而表现的局限性暗荧光区,在造影中晚期,原充盈延迟区内的脉络膜可因通透性增强而有高荧光表现,或者因毛细血管小叶缺血而表现的斑片状低荧光;其相应部位的色素上皮（RPE）在FFA过程中则表现为渗漏或萎缩,此外,在7只眼中,可见脉络膜涡静脉分支扩张及渗漏。结论 脉络腊胸脉及毛细血管瘀血可能是导致FFA中RPE渗漏的原因。     

光相干断层扫描检查在中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变中的应用

目的探讨光相干断层扫描（OCT）在检测中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（CSC）中的应用价值。方法对60例（60眼）经眼底荧光血管造影（FFA）诊断为单眼初发的CSC患者进行时域OCT检查,观察其形态学特征,并对病变图像进行定量测量和分析。其中34例（34眼）在恢复期行OCT复查,对比分析发作期与恢复期视力及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的定量测量结果。采用直线相关法对视网膜浆液性脱离区各参数与视力进行相关性分析。结果（1）FFA检查结果：单纯视网膜神经上皮脱离51眼（2眼经OCT检查证实为视网膜神经上皮合并色素上皮脱离）,单纯视网膜色素上皮脱离4眼,视网膜神经上皮合并色素上皮脱离3眼．其他2眼（经OCT检查证实为单纯视网膜色素上皮脱离）。（2）OCT检查结果：单纯视网膜神经上皮脱离49眼,单纯视网膜色素上皮脱离6眼,神经上皮合并色素上皮脱离5眼。（3）恢复期患者视力较发作期患者有所提高,但并无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;而恢复期黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度显著薄于发作期（P〈0．01）。（4）视力与神经上皮浆液性脱离水平横径、垂直纵径、高度及中心凹6mm范围内容积均显著相关fP〈0．01）,与黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度、色素上皮脱离范围无明显相关性（P〉0.05）。结论OCT能够无创伤性地在活体上观察CSC视网膜组织形态学改变,可明确应用于CSC的临床分型及视力的预后评估。     

眼底荧光血管造影对中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的诊断意义

对中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(中浆)60例(68眼)进行眼底荧光血管造影检查,发现中浆荧光造影有四种荧光形态:活动期表现为神经上皮脱离或色素上皮脱离合并神经上皮脱离(以下称混合型)的荧光素渗漏形态,而静止期及恢复期则为色素上皮脱离或脱失的荧光形态。各种荧光形态与视力的关系无显著性差异。作者认为荧光眼底血管造影对中浆的诊断及治疗均有重要的指导意义。     

急性后极部多灶性鳞状色素上皮病变的眼底血管造影表现

为了探讨急性后极部多灶性鳞状色素上皮细胞病变的眼底表现 ,及相应的眼底血管造影表现。采用眼底荧光造影(FFA)和吲哚青绿血管造影 (ICGA)检查观察本病眼底改变 ,共 5例 ( 7只眼 )。结果 :FFA :3只眼急性病变病灶早期为弱荧光 ,晚期着染荧光 ,4只眼陈旧病灶为色素上皮脱色素的窗样缺损及色素沉着的遮蔽荧光。ICGA :3只眼急性期病变呈斑片状充盈缺损 ,3只眼陈旧病灶弱荧光斑 ,1只眼无异常表现。可见 ,本病变为脉络膜毛细血管阻塞 ,继发的视网膜色素上皮改变可能为脉络膜炎性病变所致。1　临床资料患者 5例 ( 7只眼 )均为女性 ,年龄 2 …     

综合FFA及OCT特征分期辨治中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变

目的：观察结合荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）及光学相干断层扫描（OCT）特征分期辨治中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的疗效。方法：52例中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者,综合FFA及OCT特征分为神经上皮层脱离,色素上皮层脱离,神经上皮层脱离合并色素上皮层脱离（晚期）,辨证为水湿上泛型,脾虚挟痰型,脾肾虚,湿浊困阻型,肝肾不足型,分别用五苓散,香贝养荣汤,参苓白术散及明目地黄汤加减。结果：治愈41例,好转9例,无效2例。结论：结合FFA及OCT特征分期辨证施治中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变有独到之处,为笔者提供了一条新思路。     

息肉状脉络膜血管病变临床诊治初步报告

目的观察息肉状脉络膜血管病变（PCV）临床特点、病程变化和预后。方法4例PCV患者经行眼底彩照、眼底荧光血管造影和吲哚氰绿血管造影确诊,随访时间6～26个月,观察患者临床特点、最佳矫正视力、眼底彩照、荧光素眼底血管造影或吲哚氰绿眼底血管造影检查结果、患者接受的治疗方式及其预后。结果4例患者4只眼,眼底均表现为视网膜下出血以及血液性或浆液血液性视网膜色素上皮脱离,均能透见特征性的视网膜下橘红色病灶。吲哚氰绿造影（ICGA）均显示息肉状病灶。1只眼接受了PDT治疗,另外3只眼接受药物保守治疗。1只眼息肉状病灶完全消失,1只眼息肉状病灶部分消退。随访视力0.3以上3只眼。1只眼出现玻璃体出血。结论PCV患者诊断明确,病程预后相对好,光动力疗法是有效治疗方法,但应结合患者自身情况选取治疗方法。     

息肉状脉络膜血管病变

目的 观察息肉状脉络膜血管病变（polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy，PCV）的发病率及其临床特征。方法 回顾性分析1997～2003年诊断为渗出型AMD163例157眼脉络膜新生血管（choroidal neovascu larization，CNV）的眼底血管造影资料。结果 54例55眼符合PCV，分别占本组CNV患者163例157眼的33％和35％。除1例为双眼发病外，其余均为单眼。男性36例36眼、女性18例19眼，经统计学分析男女发病率无明显差别（t=1．847，P〉0．05）。年龄47～75岁，平均61．8岁。网膜下出血部位主要位于后极部，39眼可见橘红色病灶，其中34眼合并黄白色脂质渗出，13眼合并玻璃体积血。荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiographv，FFA）显示：22眼出血性色素上皮脱离，12眼网膜下出血联合浆液性色素上皮脱离，9眼出血性色素上皮脱离联合浆液性神经上皮脱离。2眼浆液性色素上皮脱离。8眼仅表现为网膜下出血遮蔽伴息肉状斑点样高荧光而无色素上皮和或神经上皮脱离；息肉状斑点样高荧光位置：黄斑区32眼，混合区（黄斑区＋血管弓区、黄斑＋乳头旁、视盘旁＋血管弓区）7眼，血管弓区5眼，视盘旁区3眼，中周区1眼，7眼未显现斑点样高荧光。结论 PCV多见于老年病人，大部分为单眼发病，男女发病率差异不明显，通过临床上见到的后极部大片网膜下出血性合并橘红色病灶和（或）黄白色脂质渗出以及FFA所显示的脉络膜斑点状或花簇状高荧光及其位置，可作出初步诊断。     

伏格特-小柳-原田综合征并发脉络膜皱褶的临床特征

目的:研究伏格特-小柳-原田综合征(VKH)并发脉络膜皱褶患者眼底、眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)、吲哚青绿血管造影(ICGA)和光学相关断层成像(OCT)的影像学特点。方法:回顾性分析伏格特-小柳-原田综合征43例中并发脉络膜皱褶患者12例,所有患者均行FFA检查,2例患者行ICGA检查,4例患者行OCT检查。结果:43例VKH患者中,12例(27.9%)出现脉络膜皱褶。眼底表现为明显视网膜水肿,缺乏明显明暗相间的条纹,FFA中以数目不等细小条状弱荧光为主,有时也表现为粗大弱荧光,多围绕视乳头呈放射样排列。ICGA造影早期表现为条状低荧光或正常荧光,造影晚期为高荧光或低荧光,与眼底荧光素血管造影的低荧光条带相对应,但没有眼底荧光素血管造影明显。OCT显示脉络膜皱褶累及脉络膜和RPE层,呈波浪样或局部小突起。所有患者治疗后,脉络膜皱褶减少或消失。结论:VKH综合征并发脉络膜皱褶临床并不少见,FFA多表现为围绕视盘放射状弱荧光,治疗后可减少或消失。     

光动力疗法治疗息肉状脉络膜血管病变的临床观察

目的:观察光动力疗法(PDT)治疗息肉状脉络膜血管病变(PCV)的治疗效果.方法:临床体征和病史结合荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)、吲哚氰绿眼底血管造影(ICGA)及相干光断层扫描(OCT)确诊的11例(11只眼)息肉状脉络膜血管病变患者,应用PDT治疗并随访6～30个月,随访期间复查患者最佳矫正视力、眼底,进行FFA,...     

泡状视网膜脱离临床特征及病因学分析

目的 观察泡状视网膜脱离患者的临床特征及进行病因学分析.方法 回顾性分析2003至2008年在广州中山眼科中心住院治疗的表现为泡状视网膜脱离的患者22例(35只眼),其中诊断为弥漫性视网膜色素上皮病变9例,诊断为大泡状视网膜脱离或渗出(浆液)性视网膜脱离的病人13例.患者均经眼底检查及眼底荧光素血管造影,部分患者同时进行吲哚青绿血管造影确诊.结果 22例患者中,男性15例(68%),女性7例(32%);单眼病变9例(41%),双眼病变13例(59%);首诊年龄25～64岁,(平均年龄42岁).4例(18%)患者全身应用过糖皮质激素,其中2例(10%),为发病前使用,1例(5%)由于应用激素治疗,视网膜脱离范围增加.1例(5%)由于应用糖皮质激素治疗患眼,而诱发健眼渗出性视网膜脱离.多灶性泡状视网膜脱离9例,主要诊断为弥漫性视网膜色素上皮病变,部分预后较好,部分发展为大泡状视网膜脱离;大泡状视网膜脱离13例,预后不良.结论 泡状视网膜脱离常发生于中年男性,大多为双眼发病.其发生和发展与视网膜色素上皮异常及脉络膜血管通透性增加有关,精神压力和全身应用糖皮质激素可能诱发和加重病情,早期应积极药物及激光治疗,晚期手术治疗可挽救部分有用视力.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the clinical manifestations of bullous retinal detachment and analyze the etiological factors.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data was conducted in 22 patients with multifocal retinal pigment epitheliopathy (DRPE) and big bullous retinal detachment (BBRD), who were admitted between 2003 and 2008 in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center with the diagnoses established by ocular fundus examination, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and/or indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Results The patients included 15 men (68%) and 7 women (32%), with a mean age at the initial visit of 42 years, ranging from 25 to 64 years. Four patients (18%) received previously systemic corticosteroid therapy, and 2 of them used corticosteroids before retina detachment, 1 suffered progression of retinal detachment after corticosteroid therapy, and the other developed retinal detachment in the healthy eye during the therapy. Multifocal bullous retinal detachment was diagnosed as diffuse pigment epitheliopathy (DRPE) in 9 cases. Most of the 13 cases of big bullous retinal detachment had poor vision after operation and laser therapy. Conclusion Bullous retinal detachment occurs most frequently in mid-life and more often in men than women. Abnormal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and hyperpermeability of the choroid vessels are associated with its occurrence. Systemic corticosteroid therapy and mental stress may induce and aggravate this disease. Early medication and laser therapy are effective, arid surgical intervention may save only part of the vision in advanced cases.     

Persistent Subretinal Fluid after Successful Scleral Buckle Surgery for Macula-off Retinal Detachment

Background  After successful scleral buckle and cryotherapy for macular-off retinal detachment (RD), some patients have poor visual acuity without any clinically detected macular change, and the unsatisfactory postoperative visual acuity is difficult to explain. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of subretinal fluid (SRF) after successful scleral buckle surgery for macula-off RD.

Methods  Twenty-eight eyes from 28 patients were included in this study. The patients underwent scleral buckle surgery combined with cryopexy for macular-off RD. After surgery, all eyes underwent thorough ophthalmologic examinations including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) test, and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. The BCVA prior to the operation, duration of RD, the duration of postoperative retinal reattachment, BCVA when SRF was observed, period required for the SRF to become undetectable, and the BCVA at the final follow-up were included in the clinical data for this study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and B-ultrasonography were used to confirm SRF, and fluorescein angiography (FFA) was carried out in several patients. BCVA when SRF was observed and BCVA at the final follow-up were evaluated using a paired t test. Correlations between BCVA before the operation and duration of RD and BCVA at the final follow-up were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. The type of SRF under OCT and BCVA at the final follow-up were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results  Postoperative retinal reattachment was achieved in 1.0–7.0 days (average, (2.7±2.1) days). After retinal reattachment, SRF was detected in all eyes by OCT 2 weeks postoperative, while B ultrasonography found no changes. The mean logMAR BCVA was 0.35±0.27 at the time of the detection of SRF. The period for SRF to become undetectable ranged from 2.0 to 11.0 months (average, (6.3±2.3) months). The time of follow-up ranged from 24.0 to 36.0 months (average, (28.9±3.4) months). The mean logMAR BCVA improved to 0.30±0.23 at the final follow-up, which was significantly different from the mean logMAR BCVA at the time of SRF detection (paired t-test, t=3.82, P <0.05). Postoperative OCT images were classified into three categories. FFA was carried out in 10 eyes and revealed no leakage or strain in the lesions. BCVA before the operation was significantly correlated with BCVA at the final follow-up (r=0.56, P <0.05). No significant correlation was observed between BCVA at the final follow-up and duration of RD (r=0.23, P=0.22). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference between the type of SRF under OCT and BCVA at the final follow-up (F=0.21, P=0.81).

Conclusions  The presence of persistent SRF after successful scleral buckle surgery for macular-off rhegmatogenous RD may influence the BCVA or anatomic attachment. SRF was detected in all eyes by OCT at 2 weeks after the operation. Residual detachment persisted for almost a year after surgery in certain patients. Fluorescein angiography revealed no leakage or strain in the lesions.

     

Perfluorocarbon liquid-assisted external drainage in the management of central serous chorioretinopathy with bullous serous retinal detachment

The differential diagnosis of serous retinal detachment (RD) includes Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, severe hypertensive choroidopathy, posterior scleritis, multifocal choroiditis, metastatic tumor, and uveal effusion. Some cases of serous retinal detachment occur as a result of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Typical CSCR generally affects healthy middle-aged males and is characterized by localized serous RD of the neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium in the macula that often spontaneously improve within 2 to 3 months. On rare occasions, variant CSCR with bullous RD occurs which is frequently misdiagnosed. We report on a case of variant CSCR with severe bullous serous retinal detachment in the left eye that was initially treated at another hospital under the misdiagnosis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Because the retinal detachment developed so fast that a laser could not be applied to all leaking spots, we performed a pars plana vitrectomy, pertluorocarbon liquid-assisted external drainage, and final treatment with an endolaser. The retina was well attached after this management.     

渗出型老年性黄斑变性与息肉状脉络膜血管病变眼底造影的对比分析

目的对比分析渗出型老年性黄斑变性（AMD）与息肉状脉络膜血管病变（PCV）眼底造影表现的异同。方法回顾性分析渗出型AMD患者98例119只眼及PCV患者61例68只眼的荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）和吲哚青绿血管造影（ICGA）检查资料。结果 119只渗出型AMD患眼中,眼底彩照和FFA显示21只眼为经典型脉络膜新生血管（CNV）,占17.6%;29眼为微小经典型CNV,占24.4%;69眼诊断为隐匿型CNV,占58%;6只眼CNV与PCV共存,占5%。68只PCV眼中,54只眼荧光素眼底ICGA显示有异常分支的脉络膜血管网及其末梢的息肉状扩张、膨隆灶,占79.4%;14只眼见多个息肉状脉络膜血管扩张灶但无明显的分支状脉络膜血管网与之相连,占20.6%。造影后期部分息肉状病灶染料渗漏或染色,部分呈息肉状病灶中心为弱荧光,周围环状染色的＂冲刷现象＂。在疑似PCV的患者中,有90例行ICGA,确诊PCV 61例,占67.8%;PCV约占渗出性AMD的36.36%。结论渗出型AMD与PCV不同的ICGA表现,有助于两者的诊断与鉴别诊断。