女贞子提取物的体内抗肿瘤作用

目的：观察女贞子中含有熊果酸和齐墩果酸粗提物的抗肿瘤作用。方法：采用小鼠移植性肿瘤模型，观察了女贞子提取物（Extract of Nu Zhen Zi,ENZZ）对H22肝癌、S180肉瘤荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用，对S180荷瘤小鼠的生命延长作用。结果：女贞子提取物对小鼠移植性肿瘤H22有抑制，ENZZ250mg/kg，500mg/kg，1000mg/kg组平均抑瘤率分别为41.49%、48.32%、45.45%，对S180肉瘤实体型有抑制作用，上述三个剂量的抑瘤率分别为37.50%、44.23%、46.15%；女贞子提取物对S180肉瘤腹水型，H22肝癌腹水型无生命延长作用。结论：女贞子提取物对移植性肿瘤H22肝癌、S180肉瘤有抑制作用。     

芦荟抗肿瘤作用研究

目的：研究不同品种芦荟抗肿瘤作用，方法：健康小鼠接种S180肉瘤及H22肝癌腹水瘤，观察其抗肿瘤作用，结果：各品种的芦荟对S180肿瘤均有抑制作用，均能延长荷瘤H22小鼠的生命率。结论：各品种的芦荟均有抗肿瘤作用。     

中药仙鹤复方水提取物对S180肉瘤和H22肝癌细胞在小鼠体内的抗肿瘤作用研究

目的观察中药仙鹤复方水提取物对移植型鼠源S180肉瘤和H22肝癌细胞在荷瘤动物体内抗肿瘤作用。方法昆明种受试小鼠,接种S180肉瘤和H22肝癌细胞后随机分为空白对照组、阳性对照组及中药仙鹤复方水提取物高、中、低3个剂量组。观察中药仙鹤复方水提取物对肿瘤的抑制作用及动物体质量、免疫器官重量的影响。结果中药仙鹤复方水提取物对鼠源移植型S180肉瘤细胞和H22肝癌细胞在荷瘤小鼠体内的增殖均有明显的抑制作用;且对两种荷瘤小鼠的免疫器官脾脏及胸腺均有显著性的保护作用影响。结论中药仙鹤复方水提取物在动物体内具有较好的抑瘤作用,且对荷瘤小鼠免疫器官有保护作用,具备减毒的功效。     

银耳孢糖合用氟尿嘧啶对肉瘤S180和肝癌H22小鼠的抗肿瘤作用

目的对银耳孢糖与氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)合用的抗肿瘤作用进行研究.方法采用小鼠肉瘤S180和肝癌H22肿瘤模型,连续给药7 d后,剥出瘤块、胸腺及脾脏称取质量,计算抑瘤率和免疫器官指数;采用碳粒廓清实验测定吞噬指数.结果银耳孢糖合用5-FU(5,10,20 mg·kg-1)对小鼠肉瘤S180和肝癌H22有明显的抑制作用,对肉瘤S180的抑瘤率分别为41.7%,50.1%,68.8%,对肝癌H22的抑瘤率分别为42.3%,58.4%,69.8%.银耳孢糖合用5-FU能增加H22肝癌小鼠的免疫器官指数和吞噬指数.结论银耳孢糖与5-FU合用抗肿瘤具有增效作用,银耳孢糖对5-FU所致的免疫功能损伤有保护作用.     

复方蛇舌草口服液对移植性动物肿瘤的影响

目的考察复方蛇舌草口服液的抗肿瘤作用。方法采用S180肉瘤、H22肝癌作为实验瘤株,进行移植性动物肿瘤实验,观察复方蛇舌草口服液对S180肉瘤的抗瘤作用及对H22腹水型肝癌生存期的影响。结果复方蛇舌草口服液对小鼠S180移植性实体瘤有明显抑制作用,抑制率为34.46%,对H22腹水型肝癌小鼠的生存期无明显延长;其最大给药量为生药10.25.gkg-1;加用化学药5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)的增效试验显示,高、中剂量组抑制率分别为68.04%、52.40%。结论复方蛇舌草口服液具有一定的抗肿瘤作用,与化学药5-FU合用的增效作用不明显。     

白术挥发油抗实体瘤的作用研究

目的　研究白术挥发油对动物移植性肿瘤的作用。方法　以动物移植性肿瘤肝癌H2 2 、肉瘤S180 为模型 ,以环磷酰胺为阳性对照 ,观察白术挥发油的抗肿瘤作用。结果　白术挥发油 2 5 0mg/kg对小鼠肝癌H2 2 、肉瘤S180 的抑制率分别为 5 1 6 %、5 3 2 %。结论　白术挥发油对小鼠移植性肿瘤肝癌H2 2 及肉瘤S180 有显著抑制作用     

艾迪粉针剂的抗肿瘤作用

目的通过体内外抗肿瘤实验观察艾迪粉针剂的抗肿瘤作用。方法抗肿瘤体内实验:建立小鼠移植性肉瘤S180和小鼠肝癌H22的实体瘤模型,艾迪粉针剂对小鼠尾静脉给药,连续处理7 d,第8天剥离瘤块称质量,计算抑瘤率,与化疗药合并用药考察减毒增效作用;建立小鼠L1210白血病模型,阳性对照组为顺铂,考察生命延长率。体外实验:常规传代培养人肝癌BEL7402、人宫颈癌HeLa细胞、人黑色素瘤A375 S2细胞、人胃癌SGC 7901和小鼠纤维肉瘤L929细胞,用MTT法检测活细胞数和生长抑制率。结果艾迪粉针剂连续7 d每日1次静脉注射对小鼠肉瘤S180和小鼠肝癌H22具有明显的抑瘤作用,本品与化疗药合并用药有增效作用;艾迪粉针剂体外对多种人肿瘤细胞具有体外抗肿瘤活性,且具有较低的IC50值。结论艾迪粉针剂具有体内和体外抗肿瘤活性。     

白花蛇舌草多糖对S180和H22荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用研究

目的研究白花蛇舌草多糖对S180和H22荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用及对免疫器官的影响。方法应用肉瘤S180、肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠作为动物模型,连续灌胃给药10 d后脱颈椎处死,剥离肿瘤、胸腺、脾脏,称质量,计算抑瘤率及胸腺、脾脏指数。结果分别以30,20和10 mg.kg-1剂量的白花蛇舌草多糖灌胃,对肉瘤S180的抑制率分别为36.09%,28.66%和17.54%,对肝癌H22的抑制率分别为49.68%,40.47%和27.19%,相比模型组有显著性差异(P<0.05),对荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数、脾脏指数无明显影响。结论白花蛇舌草多糖对S180和H22荷瘤小鼠均有抗肿瘤作用,并呈现一定的量效关系。     

盐酸小檗碱对小鼠移植性肿瘤的抑制作用

目的 研究盐酸小檗碱的体内抗肿瘤活性.方法 应用移植性实体瘤H22,宫颈癌U14,肉瘤S180荷瘤小鼠作为动物模型,腹腔给药观察小鼠生长情况,并计算抑瘤率.结果 盐酸小檗碱10,20,25 mg/kg剂量对肝癌H22的抑制率分别为25.82%,36.81%和40.66%;盐酸小檗碱10,20 mg/kg剂量对宫颈癌U14抑制率分别为37.80%和59.90%;盐酸小檗碱15,20 mg/kg剂量对肉瘤S180的抑制率分别为30.85%和39.80%.结论 盐酸小檗碱可抑制肝癌H22、宫颈癌U14、肉瘤S180在小鼠体内的生长.     

参麦注射液的抗肿瘤作用研究

目的 研究参麦注射液体内外抗肿瘤作用.方法 以小鼠肉瘤S180、肝癌H22、Lewis肺癌实体瘤模型考察参麦注射液的体内抑瘤作用;通过MTT法考察参麦注射液体外对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞和人肝癌HepG 2细胞的增殖抑制作用.结果 参麦注射液在体内对小鼠肉瘤S180、肝癌H22、Lewis肺癌均有显著的抑制作用,且呈剂量相关性,中、高剂量抑瘤率可达35％以上;体外对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞和人肝癌HepG 2细胞亦有增殖抑制作用,且呈浓度-时间相关性,48 h的IC50值分别为0.36、0.72 g/mL,72h的IC50值分别为0.21、0.29 g/mL.结论 参麦注射液体内外均有显著的抗肿瘤活性.     

Activity of "reversed" diamidines against Trypanosoma cruzi "in vitro"

Chagas' disease is an important parasitic illness caused by the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease affects nearly 17 million individuals in endemic areas of Latin America and the current chemotherapy is quite unsatisfactory based on nitroheterocyclic agents (nifurtimox and benznidazol). The need for new compounds with different modes of action is clear. Due to the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of the aromatic dicationic compounds, this study focused on the activity of four such diamidines (DB811, DB889, DB786, DB702) and a closely related diguanidine (DB711) against bloodstream trypomastigotes as well as intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi in vitro. Additional studies were also conducted to access the toxicity of the compounds against mammalian cells in vitro. Our data show that the four diamidines compounds presented early and high anti-parasitic activity (IC50 in low-micromolecular range) exhibiting trypanocidal dose-dependent effects against both trypomastigote and amastigote forms of T. cruzi 2h after drug treatment. Most of the diamidines compounds (except the DB702) exerted high anti-parasitic activity and low toxicity to the mammalian cells. Our results show the activity of reversed diamidines against T. cruzi and suggested that the compounds merit in vivo studies.     

"Sick" or "hooked": smokers' perceptions of their addiction

A postal questionnaire was completed by 233 smokers who had contacted a television company for help with stopping smoking. Subjects recorded how well each of 20 statements described their feelings about their own smoking. These responses were submitted to a principal components analysis which revealed two interpretable factors. The first ('Sick') reflected a tendency to see smoking as a sickness, and a greater concern over health consequences. The second ('Hooked') reflected a feeling of inability to give up smoking, and a resentment at other's attempts at dissuasion. Subjects with higher 'Sick' factor scores perceived greater potential benefit in their stopping (in terms of a reduction of risk of cancer). Higher 'Hooked' factor scores were given by females, older smokers, those who described themselves as more extremely addicted, and those who saw less benefit for themselves in stopping.     

“Y” 形及半 “Y” 形延髓梗死的临床特点及影像学对比分析

摘要： 目的 探讨 “Y” 形及半 “Y” 形延髓梗死患者的临床和影像学特点, 并对两者的临床特点进行对比分析。方法 对我院神经内科收治的11例延髓腹、 中及背三部分 （VMD） 同时发生梗死的延髓内侧梗死 （MMI） 患者进行回顾性分析。结果 11例累及VMD的MMI患者中, 6例发生双侧梗死, 呈 “Y” 形; 单侧梗死者5例, 呈半 “Y” 形。延髓 “Y” 形梗死组常见的症状和体征为饮水呛咳或吞咽困难 （6例）、 头晕或眩晕、 肢体无力、 构音障碍 （5例）、 感觉障碍 （5例）、中枢性呼吸障碍 （3例） 等。延髓半 “Y” 形梗死组常见的症状和体征为头晕或眩晕、 肢体无力、 构音障碍 （4例）、 感觉障碍 （4例） 等, 2组间吞咽困难及呼吸困难发生比例差异明显。“Y” 组和半 “Y” 组梗死存在椎动脉先天变异均较常见, 均为3例。MMI患者除呼吸衰竭者外预后可。结论 延髓 “Y” 形梗死患者出现吞咽困难及呼吸衰竭比例远高于延髓半 “Y” 形梗死患者, 一侧椎优势的椎动脉变异是VMD同时受累的MMI患者的重要解剖基础。     

Comparative studies of oral "quick-release" and "slowrelease" iron preparations in the postabsorption serum iron concentration test]

In Heilmeyer's iron-loading test the iron preparation SA (Eryfer) proved greatly superior to a commercially available effervescent tablet (iron preparation SC), to an iron preparation in a sustained release from (iron preparation SD) and to an iron preparation in the form of enteric-coated pellets (iron preparation SE), in producing and maintaining an increased serum iron level. As compared to a sodium bicarbonate-free preparation (iron preparation SB) the iron preparation SA must be considered equivalent. The results of our investigations made with iron preparation SA are supported by experiences made by other authors with therapeutic application.     

Coumarins from "Zi-Hua Qian-Hu" (supplement)

Two new and six known coumarins were obtained from the Chinese drug sold in the market under the name of Si-Oian-Hu (Seizenko). The new compounds were proved to be 3'( S)-acetoxy-4'( R)-isovaleryloxy- and 3'( S)-acetoxy-4'( R)-angeloyloxy-3',4'-dihydroxanthyletin, respectively. Mass spectrometry was applied to determine the different locations of ester moieties at the 3' and 4' positions without using alkaline hydrolysis. The present material, Si-Qian-Hu, should be identified with Zi-Hua Qian-Hu (the root of PEUCEDANUM DECURSIVUM), since it contains xanthyletin-type coumarins.     

"Central" and "peripheral" benzodiazepines and kinetics of lindane-induced toxicity

Because hypothermia and anorexia were previously found to be more sensitive indices of the effects of lindane than were convulsions, these endpoints were used to quantify the ability of benzodiazepines (BDs) and phenytoin either to ameliorate or exacerbate the toxicity of lindane in the rat. After administration of lindane (40 or 50 mg/kg) in oil per os, toxicity was counteracted by phenytoin and the "central" BD agonists diazepam and clonazepam, but was worsened by Ro 5-4864 a "peripheral" BD agonist. Clonazepam and diazepam were each more effective in counteracting lindane-induced anorexia than in stimulating food intake, presumably because the animals had been fasted and probably even controls ate maximally when food was presented. Diazepam alone (3 injections in 1 day) produced withdrawal-induced decreased food intake the following day. Clonazepam and diazepam alone each transiently decreased colonic temperature, yet effectively blocked the more severe hypothermia produced by lindane. Ro 5-4864 by itself did not produce any measurable effects, yet exacerbated all of the effects, including lethal effects, of lindane. The present findings are compatible with other evidence that lindane and Ro 5-4864 act at the picrotoxinin receptor of the GABAA-activated chloride channel and that systemic administration of agents acting at this site may produce a constellation of effects, including seizures, hypothermia and anorexia.     

The relationship between "BET" and "free volume"-derived parameters for water vapor absorption into amorphous solids

Water vapor absorption isotherms for amorphous solids with the same chemical composition but differing in molecular weight (i.e., PVP-90, PVP-30, and PVP-12), and for glucose, trehalose, and two molecular weight grades of dextran were obtained at 30 degrees C and analyzed using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation to obtain the parameters, W(m) and C(B). Similar analyses were carried out for the same molecule (e.g., glucose or fructose) at -10 and 40 degrees C. Within each chemical group, W(m), the apparent BET-like parameter that is generally referred to as the "monolayer-limit of absorption", changed very little. In contrast, C(B), a measure of the free energy of absorption, significantly increased with increasing molecular weight or decreasing temperature, leading to a shift from a Type III to a Type II isotherm. The shift in isotherm shape correlates directly with the glass transition temperature, T(g), of the dry sample relative to the operating temperature, T (i.e., Type III when T > T(g) and Type II when T < T(g). These results are shown to be consistent with the combined Flory-Huggins solution model and Vrentas structural relaxation model; wherein Type II isotherm behavior, observed for T < T(g), reflects nonideal volumetric contributions to the overall free energy of absorption due to plasticization by water, as described by Vrentas, whereas Type III behavior only reflects the Flory-Huggins solution model. These volumetric free energy changes within each chemical group are shown to be correlated to the values of the "BET" parameter C(B).     

"Hooked" or "sick": addicts' perceptions of their addiction.

In a study concerned with addicts' perceptions of their own dependence on drugs, 40 outpatients (30 male, 10 female) attending a London drug dependence clinic were individually administered a 15-item attitude questionnaire and an abbreviated (10-item) measure of locus of control. Subjects' own agreements with most of the 15 items correlated highly with their estimates of the responses of other drug clinic patients to these items, but showed little relation to locus of control.A principal components analysis conducted on these ratings revealed two factors which together accounted for 31.5% of the variance. Factor 1, labelled as “Hooked” loaded most heavily on items reflecting a perceived inability to give up drugs. Factor 2, labelled as “Sick”, reflected a perception of one'' addiction as a sickness which doctors could cure, and an acknowledgement of personal problems generally. The 14 subjects whose preferred drug was heroin did not differ, on average, from the remaining 26 in terms of their scores on Factor 1, but obtained significantly lower scores than the others on the “Sick” factor. Implications for treatment, and for the concept of the “sick role” in relation dependence, are discussed.     

"Early" and "late" effects of sustained haloperidol on apomorphine- and phencyclidine-induced sensorimotor gating deficits.

Both dopamine (DA) agonists and NMDA antagonists produce prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits in rats that model PPI deficits in schizophrenia patients. While DA agonist effects on PPI are reversed by acute treatment with either "typical" high-potency D2 DA antagonists or "atypical" antipsychotics, PPI deficits produced by phencyclidine (PCP) are preferentially reversed by acute treatment with "atypical" antipsychotics. Acute effects of antipsychotics may not accurately model the more clinically relevant effects of these drugs that emerge after several weeks of continuous treatment. In the present study, sustained treatment with haloperidol via subcutaneous minipumps blocked the PPI-disruptive effects of apomorphine and attenuated the PCP-induced disruption of PPI. Restoration of PPI in apomorphine-treated rats was evident within the first week of sustained haloperidol administration. A partial reversal of PCP effects on PPI did not develop until the second week of sustained haloperidol treatment, followed a fluctuating course, but remained significant into the seventh week of sustained haloperidol administration. The delayed emergence of anti-PCP effects of haloperidol suggests that the brain substrates responsible for the DAergic and NMDA regulation of PPI are differentially sensitive to acute and chronic effects of antipsychotics.