螺旋CT扫描成像质量分析

目的：通过对螺旋与常规ＣＴ扫描的比较，图像的分析和讨论，以期为临床诊断提供有用的依据。材料和方法：螺旋及常规ＣＴ扫描采用Ｓｏｍａｔｏｍ Ｐｌｕｓ全身ＣＴ扫描机。扫描体模：（１）玻璃球，直径１．５ｃｍ，误差〈１０μｍ；（２）有机圆柱体，直径３．０ｃｍ，误差〈８μｍ；（３）水模，直径２５ｃｍ。扫描条件相同情况下，在下述方面进行比较：（１）不同物体螺旋ＣＴ扫描图像还原性的影响；（２）不同螺距扫描与图像分     

胸部螺旋CT的临床应用

胸部螺旋ＣＴ的临床应用孙忠华综述严洪珍审校尽管螺旋ＣＴ（容积扫描）临床应用时间不长，但它已经从根本上改变了我们对胸部常规ＣＴ扫描技术的基本观念［１，２］。最初由Ｋａｌｅｎｄｅｒ［３］和Ｖｏｃｋ［４］等报道的容积扫描是患者以恒定的速度进动通过扫描野时，...     

螺旋CT扫描及其在腹部应用中的优势

螺旋ＣＴ扫描及其在腹部应用中的优势陈昀①综述宦怡②黄志兰②审校螺旋ＣＴ扫描（ＳｐｉｒａｌＣＴ或ＨｅｌｉｃａｌＣＴ）是一种新的ＣＴ扫描方式。与常规ＣＴ比较，在制造成本增加不多的情况下，它的诸多临床应用优势使它很快占领了部分国际ＣＴ市场。国内自１９９３年...     

多层螺旋CT血管造影术

198 9年 ,单层螺旋ＣＴ(ＳＣＴ)应用于临床 ,开创了ＣＴ容积扫描模式 ,在此基础上开发的图像后处理软件 ,实现了ＣＴ血管造影术 (ＣＴＡ)。ＣＴＡ是一种非创伤性的评价血管系统的检查方法。ＳＣＴ对主动脉、肺动脉等大血管的检查已部分取代了常规血管造影术 ,但在较大范围的中小血管应用有一定的局限性 ,主要原因有 :(1)图像的Ｚ轴分辨率低 ,难以克服部分容积效应和阶梯状伪影 ;(2 )扫描速度相对较慢 ,图像伴有运动伪影 ;(3)球管热容量低 ,限制了扫描范围。ＳＣＴ的设计特点决定了ＣＴＡ的上述特性。通常ＳＣＴ是采用扇形射线束 ,探测器为单…     

螺旋CT在胰腺检查中的应用

ＣＴ是诊断胰腺癌的首选方法，但常规ＣＴ对胰腺癌的评价尚不令人满意。螺旋ＣＴ（ＳｐｉｒａｌＣＴｏｒＨｅｌｉｃａｌＣＴ，简称ＳＣＴ）代表了ＣＴ发展的最新成就，已成为胰腺检查很重要的影像学手段。与普通ＣＴ比较，ＳＣＴ检查胰腺有以下优点：（１）扫描及成像速度快。一次屏气（１５～３２ｓ）即可完成胰腺及其相邻脏器扫描，可避免呼吸运动伪影，消除由呼吸幅度不同引起的小病灶遗漏；可保证按预定时相进行增强扫描。（２）扫描采集数据为体积性，可在任意水平重建图像，提高了多平面２Ｄ、３Ｄ重建图像的质量。本文就ＳＣＴ检查胰…     

双排螺旋CT体部扫描参数的合理配置

螺旋ＣＴ的问世标志着ＣＴ成像技术的又一次飞跃 ,而双排及多排螺旋ＣＴ则代表着近年来螺旋ＣＴ技术的发展方向。双排螺旋ＣＴ采用双排探测器设计 ,并可进行双层采集 ,扫描剂量可下降约 30 % [1] ,而扫描速度明显提高 ,达到亚秒级 (如ＧＥＨｉｓｐｅｅｄＮｘ/Ｉ为 0 .7ｓ) ,有利于进行大范围不间断的容积扫描 ,图像的空间分辨率及时间分辨率均得以改善。国内有关双排螺旋ＣＴ扫描参数合理配置的文章尚不多 ,我们通过在工作中的不断实践 ,运用自动毫安扫描技术和对螺距的修改 ,对双排螺旋ＣＴ扫描参数进行了优化。现报告如下。1　材料与方法1…     

螺旋CT扫描三维重建在颌骨病变的应用

本组收集了２２例螺旋扫描的颌骨病变进行三维重建，评估其在临床中的应用价值，我们认为：使用螺旋扫描所建的三维图像主要优点是：不仅仅能清楚地显示整体的颌骨病变及其周围的关系，且扫描速度快，薄层重建等。其主要缺点为降低了密度分辨率，对软组织显示差，三维ＣＴ对颌骨组织疾病的诊断和治疗均有积极的指导意义。     

螺旋CT仿真喉镜临床应用的初步探讨

螺旋ＣＴ仿真内窥镜成像技术系利用计算机图像处理软件将螺旋ＣＴ容积扫描所得图像数据，通过阈值选择，重建出空腔脏器内表面立体图像。本研究着重讨论螺旋ＣＴ仿真喉镜的临床应用价值。１材料与方法１－１　临床资料　对１４例怀疑下咽、喉新生物或感染的患者进行颈部螺旋ＣＴ扫描，经病理证实，其中正常人１例，炎症４例，声门下区纤维化１例，喉癌８例（声门上区癌及喉咽癌４例；声门区癌４例，其中跨声门区生长２例）。１４例中男１１例，女３例，年龄４０～７８岁，平均５９岁。１－２　扫描方法１－２－１　仪器及软件　ＧＥＨｉｓｐ…     

螺旋CT三维成像技术在整形颌面外科的应用

应用影像学诊断颅颌面部骨折和骨肿瘤 ,一直是探索的课题。我们应用螺旋ＣＴ体积扫描采用三维成像法 ,经过多次反复实践 ,终于获得了满意的图像。1　螺旋ＣＴ重建的程序和方法根据临床医师的诊断 ,选择适当部位 ,进行螺旋ＣＴ扫描。标记所要重建的全部横断面图像 ,确定感兴趣区     

螺旋CT在肝占位性病变检查中的应用

增强ＣＴ为肝点位性病变常用的检查方法，而螺旋ＣＴ的应用标志着ＣＴ成像技术的又一次飞跃。本综述了近年有关献，复习报道肝脏ＣＴ增强检查的发展过程，概述了螺旋ＣＴ肝脏检查技术，重点介绍螺旋ＣＴ扫描在肝一怀病变检查中的优点和价值，认为螺旋ＣＴ双期扫描可明显提高病灶检出率，而且在临别诊断中也具有重要价值。最后对常规ＣＴＡＰ和螺旋ＣＴＡＰ作了分析比较。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.