MRI对头颈部淋巴管畸形的诊断价值

目的:探讨MRI对头颈部不同类型淋巴管畸形的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的头颈部淋巴管畸形21例患者的临床和影像资料。结果:大囊型淋巴管畸形10例,包括单囊型3例,多囊型7例;微囊型淋巴管畸形8例;淋巴管血管混合畸形(以淋巴管为主)3例。1大囊型仅3例形态规则,呈圆形或椭圆形,其余形态不规则,边缘不光整。病灶T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI均呈高信号;多囊型病变内可见细线样分隔,T2WI呈低信号。2微囊型呈"蜂窝状"或"海绵状"改变,内见多发粗细不均匀的小间隔,边缘不规则,T1WI呈低、等低或高信号,T2WI呈高信号。3血管淋巴管畸形,T1WI表现为以低信号为主的混杂信号,T2WI表现为以高信号为主的混杂信号。结论:淋巴管畸形的MRI表现具有一定的特征性,对其诊断及治疗有重要价值。     

周围软组织血管瘤和血管畸形MRI鉴别诊断

目的探讨血管瘤和血管畸形MRI的鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析61例手术证实的血管瘤和血管畸形MRI表现并与病理进行对照。结果29例血管瘤中,在T1WI上,20例为等信号(等于肌肉信号),9例为高等混杂信号;在T2WI上,24例呈较高信号(接近脂肪信号),5例呈高信号(高于脂肪信号),另见25例条状低信号分隔,其中4例增强呈分块状强化。32例血管畸形中,T1WI图,16例为等信号,16例为高等混杂信号;T2WI图,3例呈较高信号,29例呈高信号。其中15例增强呈不均匀强化。结论MRI对血管瘤和血管畸形的鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

颅内表皮样囊肿的非典型CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨颅内表皮样囊肿的非典型CT和MRI表现,提高对本病的认识.方法 收集经手术病理证实的8例表皮样囊肿,术前均行MRI平扫,其中2例行扩散加权成像(difussion weighted imaging,DWI)检查,CT检查5例.MRI增强扫描4例.结果 8例表皮样囊肿发生于桥小脑角2例,大脑纵裂2例,脑实质2例,颅骨2例.CT显示囊肿表现为均匀高密度2例;混杂密度1例;囊壁及囊内钙化2例.MRI平扫2例T1WI呈均匀高信号,T2WI呈稍高、高信号;3例T1WI和T2WI呈混杂信号;3例T1WI呈不均匀低信号,T2WI呈高信号;其中1例DWI表现为高信号.4例MRI增强扫描显示囊壁显著环形强化和囊内不均匀强化2例,囊壁轻度强化2例.结论 颅内表皮样囊肿的CT和MRI非典型表现主要包括CT呈高密度、混杂密度、囊壁和囊内钙化,MRI T1 WI、T2WI呈高信号、混杂信号,增强扫描显著环形强化,在诊断时应充分结合DWI检查,以提高术前诊断准确性.     

长骨纤维结构不良的MRI诊断

目的 探讨长骨纤维结构不良的MRI表现特点.方法 回顾分析16例经手术病理证实的长骨纤维结构不良患者的MRI影像资料.结果 与周围正常肌肉信号相比,病变在T1WI表现为均匀等信号4例,等信号为主的等、低混杂信号8例,均匀低信号3例;T2WI显示较均匀高信号3例,不均匀中等信号5例,中等信号为主的等、高混杂信号7例;1例在T1WI及T2WI均显示为均匀低信号.4例可见病灶内线样分隔,分隔在T1WI、T2WI均表现为低信号.注射Gd-DTPA增强扫描,病灶可表现为边缘强化、斑片状强化或不均匀强化.结论 纤维结构不良的MRI表现与病灶内不同病理组织成分相关,且MRI能够提供更全面的影像学信息.     

涎腺肌上皮瘤MRI表现

目的 探讨涎腺肌上皮瘤的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析12例经病理证实的涎腺肌上皮瘤的MRI表现.结果 病变位于大涎腺4例,小涎腺8例;10例有包膜,2例无包膜;T1WI上7例呈均匀等信号,1例呈均匀低信号,4例呈不均匀等信号;T2WI上10例呈稍高信号,2例呈高信号;12例信号不均,4例呈混杂磨玻璃样低信号,4例呈混杂网格状低信号,2例呈混杂网格状高信号,2例合并囊变.12例呈明显不均匀强化.病理结果:8例良性,4例恶性.12例见黏液样基质及玻璃样变.结论 肌上皮瘤的MRI表现与其内细胞成分及黏液样基质、玻璃样变含量有关,特别是T2WI中心云絮状或磨玻璃样稍低信号及云絮状强化较弱区,具有一定的特征性,有助于临床诊断及手术治疗.     

头颈部血管瘤及血管畸形的CT、MRI诊断

目的:分析头颈部血管瘤及血管畸形的CT、MRI表现,探讨其诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:搜集经手术病理或DSA证实,临床及影像资料完整的47例头颈部血管瘤或血管畸形病例的资料,对其进行回顾性分析。CT检查33例,MRI检查14例。结果:海绵状血管瘤21例,T1WI呈均匀等或低信号,T2WI呈高信号,增强扫描呈中等不均匀强化并可见纡曲血管强化;CT平扫呈不均匀等密度、囊状低密度,3例可见圆点状静脉石,增强扫描轻至中等度强化,其中6例见线条状粗大纡曲血管影。蔓状血管瘤23例,病变弥漫,无明显边界。T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号,其内见粗大的流空血管影及低信号静脉石,增强扫描明显不均匀强化;CT平扫等密度,见高密度圆点状静脉石,增强明显强化,可见蚯蚓状粗大血管团。淋巴管瘤3例,边界清楚,平扫为低密度,增强扫描无明显强化。结论:CT及MRI可较好显示头颈部血管畸形,蔓状血管瘤为动静脉畸形或高流速血管畸形,影像见粗大纡曲的血管影。低流速的静脉畸形、淋巴管畸形须与头颈部其它囊性病变鉴别。     

Stewart-Treves 综合征的 MRI 表现

目的：探讨 MRI 对 Stewart-Treves 综合征(STS)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析48枚 STS 肿物的 MRI 表现,并与病理结果对照分析。结果48枚肿物均为实性,直径≥4 mm,根据 D2-40、CD31的表达结果将 STS 分为2型,STS-Ⅰ型(即血管肉瘤)47枚结节肿物,MRI 表现：T1 WI 呈稍低信号,T2 WI 呈稍高信号,与同层肌肉比较,结节信号明显增高,增强检查呈明显强化、且均匀。STS-Ⅱb 型(混合型淋巴管肉瘤)1枚肿块样肿物;MRI 表现：T1 WI、T2 WI 序列均呈高低混杂信号,以高信号为主,强化程度较低且不均匀。结论MR 能显示 STS 特征性信号表现,结合患者肢体慢性淋巴水肿病史,可以提高术前正确诊断率。     

睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的：探讨睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的 MRI 表现,提高对该疾病的 MRI 诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的25例睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤患者临床及 MRI 资料,所有病例均行 MRI 平扫,其中16例行动态 MRI 增强扫描。利用 MRI 对睾丸肿瘤的大小、形态、信号特点、毗邻关系、强化方式及肿瘤血管情况进行评估,并与病理对照。结果25例睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤中,精原细胞瘤10例,其中 T2 WI 呈均匀低信号8例,稍低信号2例,增强扫描轻度结节样强化5例,明显均匀强化2例,其中4例可见纤维间隔强化;卵黄囊瘤4例,T1 WI 呈等低信号,T2 WI 呈稍高信号,增强扫描后肿瘤呈渐进式强化;成熟型畸胎瘤、表皮样囊肿、混合性生殖细胞肿瘤各3例,T1 WI 呈混杂低信号,T2 WI 呈混杂高信号;胚胎性癌2例,T1 WI 呈等低信号,T2 WI 呈混杂低信号,其内可见出血信号,增强扫描呈分隔强化。结论MRI 对睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤诊断正确率较高,对其病理分型、分期及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

Imaging features of chondrosarcoma

目的:探讨软骨肉瘤的影像学表现,提高对本病诊断的准确性.方法:回顾性分析25例经手术病理证实的 软骨肉瘤的X线、CT和MRI资料.结果:25例软骨肉瘤中原发23例,其中普通型20例,去分化型、黏液型及透明细胞型 各1例;继发2例.X线及CT表现:原发的23例中溶骨性骨破坏5例,混合性骨破坏18例,形成软组织肿块20例.其中 表现为低密度19例,等密度1例.20例普通型及1例黏液型见散在钙化.MRI表现:普通型软骨肉瘤T1 WI呈等或稍低 信号,T2WI呈等或稍高信号;黏液型T1WI呈等、低混杂信号,T2WI呈稍高、低的混杂信号,钙化T2WI呈低信号;透明细 胞型病例T2WI及T2WI呈近乎等信号;去分化型T1WI呈等低混杂信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号.6例普通型及1例继 发型出现环形、间隔样中等一明显强化,黏液型及去分化型呈不均匀中等一明显强化.结论:普通X线及CT是软骨肉瘤影 像诊断及鉴别诊断的主要手段,MRI显示软骨信号为重要提示.MRI显示病变范围更为清楚、准确.为临床治疗提供可 靠依据.     

软组织韧带样纤维瘤的MRI表现

目的:探讨软组织韧带样纤维瘤的临床及MRI特点,旨在提高对本病的认识及诊断水平.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的3例原发和4例复发软组织韧带样纤维瘤的临床和MRI资料.结果:发病年龄5～35岁,中位年龄13.3岁.发病部位:臀部4例,下肢1例,颈部1例,胸壁1例.MRI表现:T1WI与肌肉相比,呈均匀等信号4例,不均匀混杂等低信号3例;T2WI 7例均以高信号为主,其内可见斑点状低信号区域;增强扫描后病灶明显不均匀强化.结论:软组织韧带样纤维瘤的MRI表现具有一定的特征性,MRI检查能为肿瘤的定性及定位提供重要价值.     

软骨肉瘤的影像诊断与鉴别诊断

目的:探讨软骨肉瘤的影像学表现,提高对本病诊断的准确性。方法:回顾性分析25例经手术病理证实的软骨肉瘤的X线、CT和MRI资料。结果:25例软骨肉瘤中原发23例,其中普通型20例,去分化型、黏液型及透明细胞型各1例;继发2例。X线及CT表现:原发的23例中溶骨性骨破坏5例,混合性骨破坏18例,形成软组织肿块20例,其中表现为低密度19例,等密度1例。20例普通型及1例黏液型见散在钙化。MRI表现:普通型软骨肉瘤T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈等或稍高信号;黏液型T1WI呈等、低混杂信号,T2WI呈稍高、低的混杂信号,钙化T2WI呈低信号;透明细胞型病例T1WI及T2WI呈近乎等信号;去分化型T1WI呈等低混杂信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号。6例普通型及1例继发型出现环形、间隔样中等-明显强化,黏液型及去分化型呈不均匀中等-明显强化。结论:普通X线及CT是软骨肉瘤影像诊断及鉴别诊断的主要手段,MRI显示软骨信号为重要提示。MRI显示病变范围更为清楚、准确,为临床治疗提供可靠依据。     

Tolosa-Hunt综合征的影像学表现(附12例报告)

目的 探讨Tolosa-Hunt综合征(THS)的影像学表现，为其临床诊断提供客观依据。方法 对1994-2002年临床确诊的12例THS进行了回顾性研究，分析其CT、MR平扫及增强扫描、DSA、磁共振血管成像(MRA)的表现。结果 12例中7例影像学表现异常，主要表现为一侧海绵窦增大，眶尖软组织肿块。CT呈软组织密度，MR T1WI呈等信号或稍低信号，T2WI呈稍高、稍低信号或等信号；强化扫描CT、MRI均示病变明显强化，同时伴有邻近硬膜强化。DSA检查2例示病侧颈内动脉海绵窦段稍狭窄，MRA检查1例示一侧颈内动脉海绵窦段狭窄，形态不规则。另5例无明显异常表现。结论 THS部分病例有影像学的异常改变，CT、MRI表现对其确诊有重要价值。     

脑内型表皮样囊肿的MRI诊断

目的探讨脑内型表皮样囊肿的MRI特点,以加强对该病的认识,提高正确诊断率。资料与方法分析经手术病理证实的8例脑内型表皮样囊肿的MRI表现。全部患者均进行了T1WI、T2WI平扫及增强检查,5例患者行液体衰减反转恢复（FLAIR）序列检查。结果8例表皮样囊肿中,位于颞叶5例,额叶2例,额、颞叶交界区1例。所有病灶均发生在皮质区或皮质下区。病变轮廓不光整者5例,较光整者3例。病变与周围组织结构均分界清晰。在T1WI上病灶呈均匀低信号3例,以低信号为主其内间以斑片状、点状及条状中等信号或略高信号者4例,中心呈低、等混杂信号外围见同心圆形等信号者1例;在T2WI上呈均匀高信号,信号强度与脑脊液信号相似者4例,以高信号为主其内间以斑片状、点状及条状略高信号者3例,以高信号为主其内间以略高信号及略低信号者1例;5例行FLAIR序列检查,病灶均呈略高、等、低混杂信号,病灶周边环以线样或斑片样高信号。除1例病灶周围脑组织有轻度水肿外,均未见灶周水肿征象。病灶占位效应轻,周围组织受压征象不明显。MR增强扫描,2例见斑片状不均匀强化,其余病例均未见明显强化。结论脑内型表皮样囊肿的MRI表现具特征性,MRI表现有助于对该病的诊断。     

Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics with pathological correlation of cavernous malformation in cavernous sinus

OBJECTIVE: To analyze extracerebral cavernous malformation located in the cavernous sinus and correlate their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to pathological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients (5 men and 14 women; mean age, 50.6 years; range, 32-71 years) with surgically verified cavernous malformations in the cavernous sinus were reviewed. MRI including T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was carried out in all instances with a 1.5-T superconductive system (Signa; General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). RESULTS: All these lesions measured from 2.5 cm to 6 cm (average, 4.3 cm) with 13 lesions located to the right side and 6 to the left side. Magnetic resonance images showed that 18 cases were hypointense to white matter on T1-weighted images with only one case showed mixed hypointensity and hyperintensity. On T2-weighted images, 17 cases showed marked homogeneous hyperintensity, 1 case showed marked hyperintensity with some signal void structures and 1 with mixed intensity. Marked homogeneous enhancement after contrast material administration was found in 7 cases, and the remaining 12 showed marked heterogeneous enhancement. Pathologically, these lesions can be classified as type A, type B, and type C. Type A was sponge-like with intact pseudocapsule; type B was mulberry-like with the pseudocapsule incomplete or absent; and type C was composed of both mulberry-like composition and sponge-like composition. Lesions with homogeneous contrast enhancement on MRI correlated with type A pathological findings, whereas those with heterogeneous enhancement correlated with type B and type C pathological findings. Asymmetrical dumbbell-shaped masses of 13 cases involving the sellar and round masses of 6 cases with 2 protruding into the sellar were found. All of the cavernous malformations displaced the adjacent temporal lobe without adjacent brain edema. The internal carotid arteries were displaced or encased in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: If a well-demarcated, homogeneous high signal intensity lesion on T2-weighted images with a dumbbell configuration involving both parasellar and sellar regions with marked heterogeneous or homogeneous enhancement is found, the diagnosis of cavernous sinus cavernous malformation should be entertained.     

MRI of tuberculous pyomyositis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to describe the findings of MRI in tuberculous pyomyositis (PM). METHOD: The MR images of four proven cases of tuberculous PM were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed with clinical and laboratory findings. The location, signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted spin echo images, presence of abscess, signal intensity of peripheral rim, patterns of contrast enhancement, and associated findings were evaluated. RESULTS: On MR images, all cases demonstrated low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images in a single muscle. Abscess was seen in all cases. Peripheral rim showed subtle hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and hypointensity on T2-weighted images. After gadolinium infusion, peripheral rim enhancement was observed in all cases. Cellulitis was associated in one case. The patients clinically presented with a palpable mass of long duration. CONCLUSION: Tuberculous PM shows characteristic findings of a well demarcated abscess with rim enhancement at MRI and can be distinguished from other soft tissue masses.     

脊柱转移瘤的MR诊断

目的 探讨脊柱转移瘤的MR诊断。方法 回顾性分析120例脊柱转移瘤的MR表现。结果 脊柱转移瘤灶的异常MR表现为：（1）信号异常,在T1WI上,112例（93.3%)呈低信号,8例（6.7%)为等或混杂的信号,在T2WI上,89例（74.1%)呈稍高信号,33例（27.5%)为低或混杂信号;（2）病灶可呈跳跃式破坏,椎体附件受累,出现椎旁软组织肿块,但椎间隙保持完整;（3）伴发椎体压缩性骨折的病灶可呈“楔形”、“盘状”或“倒楔形”。脂肪抑制增强扫描可显示病变范围并发现平扫中未能发现的病变。结论 MRI是诊断脊柱转移瘤的可靠而重要的手段。     

脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI诊断

目的分析脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现,探讨MRI对该病的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析10例经手术和病理证实的脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现。结果10例脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿主要表现为T1WI等或低信号,T2WI及STIR像为高或混杂信号;椎体呈楔形或扁平状,其中9例前后径增加,3例左右径增加;6例形成椎旁软组织肿块,其中5例表现为袖套状;邻近椎间盘形态正常或轻度膨隆;增强扫描,病变及周围软组织肿块呈明显不均匀强化。结论脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现有一定特点,对于诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

MR appearance and cyst content of Rathke cleft cysts

The magnetic resonance signal intensity and cyst content were analyzed in 2 new and 17 previously reported cases of Rathke cleft cyst. Lesions displaying hypointensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI) and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images (T2WI) contained CSF-like fluid. Cases showing hyperintensity on T1WI and isointensity on T2WI frequently contained mucoid material. Hyperintensity on both T1WI and T2WI suggests the presence of blood. A small area of hypo- or isointensity indicates thickening of the cyst wall or collection of cellular debris.     

儿童神经母细胞瘤颅面骨转移的CT和MRI表现

目的：探讨神经母细胞瘤颅面骨转移的CT和MRI特征性表现。方法：回顾性分析6例经病理证实的神经母细胞瘤颅面骨转移患者的CT和MRI资料,分析其影像学特征。6例均行头颅CT平扫,其中2例行头颅MRI平扫和增强检查,6例中5例行腹部CT平扫及增强检查,1例行腹部MRI平扫及增强检查。结果：6例均为双侧颅面骨受累,主要CT表现为颅面骨骨质破坏、骨膜下垂直骨针和软组织肿块,软组织肿块中可见钙化;主要MRI表现为颅骨骨质破坏并软组织肿块,其内有钙化灶,肿块于T1WI上呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,增强后可见肿块和邻近脑膜有不均匀轻度强化。5例腹部CT显示腹膜后肿块并钙化,增强后有不均匀强化。1例MRI显示腹膜后肿块。结论：神经母细胞瘤颅骨转移的CT和MRI表现有一定特征性,CT和MRI对本病的诊断有重要价值。