缝隙连接在肺动脉收缩中的作用

目的探讨缝隙连接在肺动脉收缩中可能发挥的作用。方法通过兔离体肺动脉环实验，观察缝隙连接阻断剂1-庚醇（Heptano1）对肾上腺素（Adr）和高K^＋起血管收缩的影响。结果1／μmol／L Adr引起的动脉环收缩后，加入0．1～5mmol／L Heptanol可以阻断肺动脉环收缩，舒张强度呈浓度依赖性；对K^＋引起的收缩Heptanol没有明显的舒张作用。Heptaol预处理动脉环也同样可以有效抑制Adr引起的血管收缩。结论缝隙连接阻断剂Heptanol能显著抑制Adr引起肺动脉血管环的收缩作用，这种舒张作用具有剂量依赖性、可逆性。但是对K^＋收缩没有明显的舒张作用。缝隙连接参与了肾上腺素收缩肺动脉血管环的作用。     

ZnPP Ⅸ对肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响

目的: 通过观察血红素氧化酶抑制剂锌原卟啉Ⅸ(zine protoporphyrin Ⅸ,ZnPP Ⅸ)对乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine, Ach)内皮依赖性血管舒张反应的影响,探讨内源性一氧化碳(carbon monoxide, CO)对肺血管的舒张作用.方法:取Wistar大鼠肺动脉环,制备Ach浓度效应曲线,冲洗后平衡60 min,分别加入一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)合成酶抑制剂L-NAME 30 μmol/L或L-NAME 30 μmol /L+ZnPP Ⅸ 10 μmol/L,孵育30 min后,重复制备Ach浓度效应曲线,观察给药前后Ach浓度效应关系的变化.结果:用去氧肾上腺素收缩肺动脉后,Ach能对内皮完整的肺动脉引起浓度依赖性舒张,血管环用L-NAME孵育后,舒张反应受抑,10-5mol/L的Ach只引起(40.3±5.1)%的舒张反应,而用ZnPP Ⅸ及L-NAME共同孵育后,舒张反应进一步受抑或消失,10-5mol/L的Ach只能引起(11.1±8.4)%的舒张反应或不引起舒张反应.结论:ZnPP Ⅸ可抑制Ach的内皮依赖性舒张反应,提示内源性CO与NO共同参与了Ach的内皮依赖性血管舒张反应,CO对肺血管平滑肌有舒张作用.     

ZnPPⅪ对肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响

目的 :通过观察血红素氧化酶抑制剂锌原卟啉Ⅸ (zineprotoporphyrinⅨ ,ZnPPⅨ )对乙酰胆碱 (acetyl choline,Ach)内皮依赖性血管舒张反应的影响 ,探讨内源性一氧化碳 (carbonmonoxide,CO)对肺血管的舒张作用。方法 :取Wistar大鼠肺动脉环 ,制备Ach浓度效应曲线 ,冲洗后平衡 6 0min ,分别加入一氧化氮 (nitricoxide,NO)合成酶抑制剂L NAME 30 μmol/L或L NAME 30 μmol /L +ZnPPⅨ 10 μmol/L ,孵育 30min后 ,重复制备Ach浓度效应曲线 ,观察给药前后Ach浓度效应关系的变化。结果 :用去氧肾上腺素收缩肺动脉后 ,Ach能对内皮完整的肺动脉引起浓度依赖性舒张 ,血管环用L NAME孵育后 ,舒张反应受抑 ,10 -5mol/L的Ach只引起 (40 .3± 5 .1) %的舒张反应 ,而用ZnPPⅨ及L NAME共同孵育后 ,舒张反应进一步受抑或消失 ,10 -5mol/L的Ach只能引起 (11.1± 8.4 ) %的舒张反应或不引起舒张反应。结论 :ZnPPⅨ可抑制Ach的内皮依赖性舒张反应 ,提示内源性CO与NO共同参与了Ach的内皮依赖性血管舒张反应 ,CO对肺血管平滑肌有舒张作用     

DA1受体激动剂对大鼠离体肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响

目的探讨多巴胺1(DA1)受体激动剂非诺多泮(FODA)对大鼠离体肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的反应机制。方法利用离体血管微量生物反应检测技术,分别观察FODA对离体肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应以及N-L-精氨酸甲硝基酯(L-NAME)、甲烯兰(MB)、优降糖、左旋精氨酸(L-arg)对FODA引起肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响。结果①L-NAME明显降低完整内皮的肺动脉环对FODA的舒张反应;②L-NAME对FODA引起肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的抑制反应能够被L-arg翻转;③MB亦可明显减弱FODA对肺动脉的舒张反应;④ATP钾离子通道阻滞剂优降糖则不影响FODA引起肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应。结论DA1受体激动剂对肺血管的内皮依赖性舒张反应主要是通过内皮舒张因子(EDRF)NO引起的,而内皮超极化因子(EDHF)不参与这一过程。     

DA1受体激动剂对大鼠离体肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响

目的 :探讨多巴胺 1(DA1)受体激动剂非诺多泮 (FODA)对大鼠离体肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的反应机制。方法 :利用离体血管微量生物反应检测技术 ,分别观察FODA对离体肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应以及N L 精氨酸甲硝基酯 (L NAME)、甲烯兰 (MB)、优降糖、左旋精氨酸 (L arg)对FODA引起肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响。结果 :①L NAME明显降低完整内皮的肺动脉环对FODA的舒张反应 ;②L NAME对FODA引起肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的抑制反应能够被L arg翻转 ;③MB亦可明显减弱FODA对肺动脉的舒张反应 ;④ATP钾离子通道阻滞剂优降糖则不影响FODA引起肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应。结论 :DA1受体激动剂对肺血管的内皮依赖性舒张反应主要是通过内皮舒张因子 (EDRF)NO引起的 ,而内皮超极化因子 (EDHF)不参与这一过程。     

家兔不同部位血管反应性的实验研究

目的：比较肺动脉、肾动脉及主动脉舒缩反应性。方法：用生物测定法观察家兔肺动脉、肾动脉及主动脉内皮依赖性舒缩反应,用张力传感器记录血管环张力变化。结果;肾动脉环对由１０^-6mol/L的苯肾上腺素（ＰＨＥ）引起的收缩力显著高于肺动脉,而肺动脉与主动脉的收缩力相比无显著性差异。三组有内皮血管环对乙酰胆碱（Ａch）均产生内皮依赖性舒张反应,而以肾动脉的舒张反应最显著;三组无内皮血管环对Ａch均不产生内皮依赖性舒张反应。结论：肾动脉对ＰＨＥ的收缩反应及对Ａch诱导的舒张反应均高于肺动脉及主动脉的。     

乌榄叶对血管平滑肌的作用及机制探讨

[摘要] 目的 观察乌榄叶水提物对离体大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌的作用并探讨其机制。方法 采取离体血管灌流方法,在血管内皮完整下,观察其对NE和KCl预收缩血管环的作用,与肾上腺素能受体作用的关系,对依内钙与外钙收缩反应的影响。同法观察在去除血管内皮后,对NE预收缩的血管环作用。结果 乌榄叶水提物呈浓度依赖性舒张NE诱发的血管收缩,其作用可被美托洛尔有效抑制（P〈0.05）;在血管内皮被去除后,其对血管的舒张作用未受影响;经无钙液预处理后,其能阻断NE诱发的外钙收缩反应（P〈0.05）,但对依内钙的收缩率无抑制作用,却缩短内钙收缩峰值维持时间（P〈0.05）,肝素预处理不能阻断该作用;能使不同浓度氯化钾预收缩的血管环张力升高,该作用不受酚妥拉明影响。结论 乌榄叶水提取物可呈非内皮依赖性舒张血管,其机制可能与激活血管平滑肌细胞膜上β受体和阻断细胞膜受体操纵性钙通道,抑制外钙内流有关。对高钾诱发血管环收缩的张力具有加强作用,该作用与α受体作用无关。 [关键词] 乌榄叶水提取物 去甲肾上腺素 氯化钾 胸主动脉环     

三七总皂甙对低氧高二氧化碳性肺血管收缩的影响

目的:探讨三七总皂甙(PNS)对肺动脉平滑肌的舒张作用及其与肺动脉内皮细胞的关系。方法:采用大鼠离体肺主动脉环灌流模型。分别在常氧及低氧高二氧化碳条件下,观察PNS对氯化钾(KCl)及去甲肾上腺素(NE)预收缩内皮完整血管和去内皮血管的舒张作用。结果:①在常氧及低氧高二氧化碳条件下,累积浓度的PNS对60mmol/LKCl及10-5mol/LNE预收缩的血管环均产生剂量依赖性舒张作用(P<0.05)。②低氧高二氧化碳增强了PNS的肺血管舒张作用,与相应浓度各常氧组相比,均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。③常氧条件下,去内皮组与内皮存在组相比,PNS的血管舒张效应无明显差异(P>0.05);但低氧高二氧化碳条件下,去内皮组的PNS血管舒张效应远大于内皮完整组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:PNS可减轻低氧高二氧化碳性肺血管收缩,且去除肺动脉内皮后这种作用更加明显,其机制可能与内皮介导作用的缺失有关。     

槲皮素与芦丁对离体大鼠主动脉环的舒张作用及机制

目的:比较研究槲皮素与芦丁对离体大鼠胸主动脉环的作用及其可能的途径。方法:采用累积加药法,检测槲皮素和芦丁对去氧肾上腺素(pheny lephrine,PE)预收缩的胸主动脉环张力的影响。结果:槲皮素对离体大鼠内皮完整和去内皮的胸主动脉环均有浓度依赖性的舒张作用,而芦丁对PE预收缩血管的舒张作用是内皮依赖性的。槲皮素和芦丁对内皮完整的胸主动脉环的最大舒张反应分别为(77.20±6.11)%和(44.28±7.48)%,但两者对内皮完整的胸主动脉环最大舒张的半数有效浓度无明显差异。用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAM E(0.1 mm o l/L)预处理后,可阻断芦丁诱导的舒张血管作用,但不能阻断槲皮素引起的舒张血管作用;用鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝(10μm o l/L)预处理后,两者的血管舒张作用均被阻断。用环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚美辛(10μm o l/L)预处理后可减弱槲皮素诱导的舒张血管作用,但不能阻断芦丁引起的舒张血管作用。结论:槲皮素的舒血管作用强于芦丁,槲皮素可能是通过鸟苷酸环化酶和环氧合酶途径产生非内皮依赖性的血管舒张作用,而芦丁可能是通过NO-鸟苷酸环化酶途径产生内皮依赖性的血管舒张作用。     

DA1受体激动剂对大鼠离体肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响

目的：探讨多巴胺1（DA1）受体激动剂非诺多泮（FODA）对大鼠离体肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的反应机制。方法：利用离体血管微量生物反应检测技术,分别观察FODA对离体肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应以及N-L-精氨酸甲硝基酯（L-NAME）、甲烯兰（MB）、优降糖、左旋精氨酸（L-arg)对FODA引起肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响。结果：（1）L-NAME明显降低完整2内皮的肺动脉环对FODA的舒张反应;（2）L-NAME对FODA引起肺动脉内脏皮依赖性舒张反应的抑制反应能够被L-arg翻转;（3）MBY料可明显减弱FODA对肺动脉的舒张反应。结论：DA1受体激动剂对肺血管的内皮依赖性舒张反应主要是通过内皮舒张因子（EDRF）NO引起的,而内皮超极化因子（EDHF）不参与这一过程。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.