上睑提肌缩短术矫治上睑下垂27例体会

目的：观察应用经皮上睑提肌缩短术矫治上睑下垂的临床效果。方法：应用经皮入路上睑提肌缩短术治疗上睑下垂27例（52眼），术后对临床效果进行随访观察。结果：经平均6个月（6～24个月）随访，其中旱期轻度睑裂闭合不全10例，经1～2月保守治疗后完全恢复，矫治不足1例（1眼），3个月后经再次手术后矫正。术后远期（3个月以上）疗效良好，睑裂高度矫正至正常，重睑皱襞自然，弧形流畅。结论：经皮上睑提肌缩短术治疗轻中度上睑下垂，具有手术野暴露清楚、操作方便、下垂矫正效果可靠及美容效果良好等诸多优点，是治疗轻中度上睑下垂的首选方法。     

提上睑肌三阶梯手术矫正上睑下垂的临床应用

目的 探讨提上睑肌三阶梯手术矫正上睑下垂的适应范围及效果。方法 根据提上睑肌肌力和上睑下垂的程度，将患者分为三组。A组为提上睑肌肌力好，上睑呈轻度下垂者。单纯采用提上睑肌徙前术矫正。B组为提上睑肌有一定的肌力，上睑呈中度下垂者。在提上睑肌徙前术的基础上。行提上睑肌缩短术矫正。C组为提上睑肌肌力差，上睑呈重度下垂者。在提上睑肌徙前、缩短术的基础上行提上睑肌反折悬吊术矫正。结果 87例患者术后随访6～30个月，上睑缘位于角膜缘下1mm．眼睑弧度自然，两眼对称，眼睑闭合自如，无暴露性角膜炎及结膜脱垂等并发症，效果满意。结论 提上睑肌徙前、缩短、反折悬吊三阶梯手术，可广泛适用于矫正不同程度的上睑下垂。     

中重度上睑下垂的术式选择与应用

目的 探讨中重度上睑下垂的手术治疗方法.方法 对于中度上睑下垂采取提上睑肌缩短法矫正,对于重度上睑下垂采用额肌瓣悬吊法矫正.结果 本组28例患者(36眼),24例患者(31眼)术后双侧基本对称,2例(3眼)轻度矫正不足及2例(2眼)轻度过矫(提上睑肌缩短术)者早期予以调整后形态满意.结论 对于中度上睑下垂者,采取提上睑肌缩短术矫正,术后形态自然;而对于重度上睑下垂者,采取额肌瓣悬吊术可取得良好的疗效.     

上睑下垂手术治疗500例

目的 探讨不同种类上睑下垂的手术治疗方法和效果。方法 对500例（620只眼）上睑下垂的手术治疗进行了回顾性总结。上睑下垂的种类包括先天性、神经源性、肌源性、外伤性、机械性和老年性。手术方法包括提上睑肌缩短术、提上睑肌腱膜瓣一额肌吻合术、Whitnall韧带悬吊术、弗．盖氏术、提上睑肌，腱膜修补术和改良Hotz术。结果 总体手术成功率为90．3％（560／620只眼）。疗效不满意的60只眼中过矫5只，欠矫55只（合并睑畸形4只，睑内翻6只，睑外翻2只）。提上睑肌缩短术治疗轻、中度先天性上睑下垂的手术成功率为93．8％。提上睑肌缩短术和提上睑肌腱膜瓣-额肌吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的手术成功率分别为72．4％和100％。Whitnall韧带悬吊术治疗复发性先天性上睑下垂的手术成功率为90％。弗-盖氏术、Whitnall韧带悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜瓣-额肌吻合术治疗神经源性和肌源性上睑下垂的手术成功率分别为41．6％、80％和90％。提上睑肌，腱膜修补术治疗外伤性和老年性上睑下垂的手术成功率分别为94．7％和100％。改良Hotz术治疗机械性上睑下垂的手术成功率为93．3％。结论 根据上睑下垂的种类和程度选择适宜的手术方法和完善手术技巧是提高手术成功率的关键。     

提上睑肌折叠加强术治疗轻度上睑下垂的临床研究

198 1年 Mccord曾提出用提上睑肌折叠术矫正轻度上睑下垂 [1] ,但缺少精确可靠的评估方法。1 995年之后 ,我们在其基础上研究了提上睑肌折叠加强术用于矫正轻度上睑下垂 ,共行手术 56例 ,76只眼 ,获得了很好的手术效果 ,现总结如下。1　临床资料本组病例 56例 ,单侧 36例 ,双侧 2 0例 ;年龄 1 3岁～ 78岁 ;男37例 ,女 1 9例 ;先天性上睑下垂49例 ;老年性上睑下垂 7例 ;均为肌力在 8mm以上 ,下垂量在2 mm以内的轻度下垂患者。2　手术方法2 .1　提上睑肌肌力测定　用拇指向后向下压住眉部 ,以阻断额肌的提上睑作用 ,嘱患者尽量向下注视 ,用钢…     

全麻下提上睑肌缩短术治疗儿童重度上睑下垂

重度上睑下垂，过去多主张采用额悬吊术，认为重度上睑下垂不适于作提上睑肌缩短术。近来有检采用提上睑肌缩短要治疗成人重度上睑下垂获得较好疗效。为了解提上睑肌缩短术在全麻下的缩短量及疗效，本文对２７例３２只眼在全麻下行提上睑肌缩短术的重度上睑下垂患儿作了总缩短量与疗效的关系。全部手术采用经皮肤、结膜内牙切口联合手术方式。结果表明，儿童重度先天性上睑下垂可以采用提上睑客厅主治疗，肌力小于４ｍｍ者，全麻下平     

提上睑肌-额筋膜瓣吻合治疗重度上睑下垂

目的：为重度上睑下垂的治疗提供一个效果理想、外观满意的方法。方法：自2000年1月至2002年12月采用提上睑肌-额筋膜瓣吻合术治疗重度上睑下垂16例(20眼)，并对术后效果进行了随访观察。结果：本组病例术后效果良好，创伤小，医患双方均感满意。术后对其中的12例进行了半年至一年的随访，远期效果满意。结论：提上睑肌-额筋膜瓣吻合术适用于重度上睑下垂．上睑提肌肌力≤4mm的患者。     

提上睑肌三阶梯手术矫正上睑下垂的临床应用

目的探讨提上睑肌三阶梯手术矫正上睑下垂的适应范围及效果。方法根据提上睑肌肌力和上睑下垂的程度,将患者分为三组。A组为提上睑肌肌力好,上睑呈轻度下垂者。单纯采用提上睑肌徙前术矫正。B组为提上睑肌有一定的肌力,上睑呈中度下垂者。在提上睑肌徙前术的基础上,行提上睑肌缩短术矫正。C组为提上睑肌肌力差,上睑呈重度下垂者。在提上睑肌徙前、缩短术的基础上行提上睑肌反折悬吊术矫正。结果87例患者术后随访6~30个月,上睑缘位于角膜缘下1mm,眼睑弧度自然,两眼对称,眼睑闭合自如,无暴露性角膜炎及结膜脱垂等并发症,效果满意。结论提上睑肌徙前、缩短、反折悬吊三阶梯手术,可广泛适用于矫正不同程度的上睑下垂。     

提上睑肌缩短术在治疗重度先天性上睑下垂中的应用

目的：为寻求重度先天性上睑下垂的良好的手术治疗效果。方法：对44例重度先天性上睑下垂者采用经皮肤－睑结膜入路提上睑肌缩短术。对可能出现的并发症提出了预防的方法。结果：眼睑高度基本正常，上睑皱襞弧度自然，并发症少。结论：提上睑肌缩技术可适用于重度先天性上睑下垂者，其效果优于额肌筋膜瓣的手术方法，能达到既矫正畸形又改善外观的效果。     

上睑提肌缩短术与额肌瓣悬吊术治疗中重度上睑下垂

上睑下垂不仅影响眼部以及整个容貌之美，尤其是中、重度上睑下垂还有碍视功能，因此上睑下垂的矫正是眼部整形美容外科中的常见手术之一。上睑下垂的手术方法很多，但从原理上讲可分为两大类：一是上睑提肌缩短或增强上睑提肌肌力的手术，二是借助额肌肌力的手术。我们根据患者的上睑提肌肌力和下垂量的不同，为中度下垂患者采用上睑提肌缩短术，重度下垂患者采用额肌瓣悬吊术矫治，均取得了良好的效果。     

离断眶隔脂肪与上睑提肌腱膜之间的纤维条索治疗轻度上睑下垂

目的探讨治疗轻度上睑下垂的简便方法。方法 2011年以来,对12例轻度上睑下垂患者行上睑下垂矫正术,手术松解离断眶隔脂肪与上睑提肌腱膜之间的纤维条索以矫正上睑下垂。结果本组12例患者,9例患者上睑下垂得到矫正,3例有所改善。术后随访1年,均未见复发,效果满意。结论离断眶隔脂肪与上睑提肌腱膜之间的纤维条索,可矫正轻度上睑下垂,方法简单,效果可靠。     

上睑提肌内限制韧带松解在治疗先天性上睑下垂中的意义

目的 在睑板上缘附近的上睑提肌内，有跨于内外眦角之间数条横向纤维束带即限制韧带，我们探讨其在治疗先天性上睑下垂中的意义。方法 将此韧带松解，可基本矫正大部分经度上睑下垂病例。若为轻，中度上睑下垂，且韧带松解后上睑仍有部分下垂，还需进行睑提肌腱膜折叠术。重度上睑下垂韧带松解后，还需进行眉区额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术。结果 本组27例随访3个月～1年，27例40只眼中38只眼轻、中、重度上睑下垂均矫正满意，2只眼良好，未见睑下垂复发。结论 松解上睑提肌内限制韧带，有助于恢复上睑提肌睑功能，易于矫正睑下垂且手术创伤小，形态自然，不易复发。     

A Modified Technique Combining Excision of the Levator Muscle and Tarsus for Blepharoptosis in Asians: A 6-Year Experience with 116 Cases

Background  

In patients with blepharoptosis, the function of levator muscle is insufficient or completely absent, causing blepharoptosis in various degrees. For mild or moderate blepharoptosis, levator advancement or resection is commonly performed. However, in severe cases, undercorrection results and recurrence often occur even a great length of levator muscle is resected. Because the levator muscle makes the upper eyelid move in a physiologic direction, exerting the function of residual levator muscle is still a more preferred approach for correction of blepharoptosis. This study combined tarsus resection with levator resection. The resected tarsus can offset the amount of the levator excised, making this technique applicable for severe cases.     

改良上睑提肌缩短术治疗中度和重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨应用改良上睑提肌缩短术治疗中、重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效.方法 对30例中、重度先天性上睑下垂患者(包括2例上睑下垂术后欠矫和复发患者),采用联合睑板切除的上睑提肌缩短术.术中睑板切除量根据睑板的宽度设计,上睑提肌切除量＝(上提量-睑板切除宽度)× (4～5) mm.并分离睑结膜和上睑提肌,切除一定量的睑结膜以防止结膜脱垂,对术后效果进行随访观察.结果 30例除3例矫正不足外,余均获得良好上提效果,上睑缘弧度自然,无严重并发症,仅少数患者早期有轻度睑裂闭合不全.结论 改良上睑提肌缩短术适用于中、重度先天性上睑下垂患者及上睑下垂术后欠矫的患者,在矫正畸形和改善外观方面均能达到良好的效果.掌握手术操作要点,有助于在功能和外形上取得满意效果.     

Comparison of levator resection and frontalis muscle transfer in the treatment of severe blepharoptosis

BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical approach for blepharoptosis is dependent upon many factors, the most important being levator function. However, the preferred approach in severe blepharoptosis remains a matter of contention. METHODS: We investigated 130 patients with levator function between 2 and 4 mm who underwent corrective surgery for blepharoptosis between January 1990 and December 2004. There were 65 eyelids of levator resection performed in 50 patients and 105 eyelids of frontalis transfer performed in 80 patients. Postoperative results were evaluated, with an average follow-up period of 27 months. RESULTS: The average preoperative degree of ptosis was approximately 2.7 mm in cases treated with levator resection and 4.0 mm in cases treated with frontalis muscle transfer. The average postoperative level of ptosis was approximately 1.7 mm in levator resection and 2.1 mm in frontalis muscle transfer. The average degree of postoperative ptosis improvement was approximately 1.0 mm in levator resection and approximately 1.86 mm in frontalis muscle transfer. The most frequent complication of levator resection was undercorrection. Eyelid deformity due to excessive traction was more frequent in the frontalis muscle flap technique. CONCLUSION: Levator resection and frontalis transfer can effectively treat blepharoptosis patients with poor levator function. Frontalis muscle transfer should be performed more carefully in operation to avoid complications which too excessive contraction could cause for blepharoptosis patients with 2 approximately 4 mm of levator function. Also, some accessorial methods were regarded as necessary to prevent undercorrection in performing levator resection.     

Strategies for Simultaneous Double Eyelid Blepharoplasty in Asian Patients With Congenital Blepharoptosis

Background Most patients with blepharoptosis prefer to undergo a double eyelid operation and a ptosis repair simultaneously to achieve the optimal cosmetic and functional result. However, it is difficult to achieve symmetry in patients with blepharoptosis. Methods Surgery was performed on the levator aponeurosis or frontalis muscle to correct blepharoptosis while double eyelid surgery was simultaneously performed to correct blephroptosis in 264 patients over the past 15 years. This report describes 39 representative cases of unilateral congenital blepharoptosis and 30 representative cases of bilateral congenital blepharoptosis. In cases of unilateral ptosis with good or fair levator function, a levator resection or plication was performed, and the position of the lid margin was adjusted to 1 to 2 mm below the upper limbus. Cases of severe unilateral blepharoptosis were corrected by frontalis muscle flap, orbicularis oculi muscle flap, or frontalis myofacial flap, and the height of the double eyelid was created to be 1 to 2 mm less than the height on the normal side. The position of the lid margin was adjusted to the level of the superior limbus, and the height of the lid crease of the ptotic eye was determined to be according to that on the nonptotic side. For bilateral ptosis patients with equal levator function, the height of the double eyelid was designed symmetrically. Bilateral blepharoptosis patients with unequal levator muscle function should have the double eyelids on both sides created the same as in normal cases, and they must be grafted in proportion to the severity of the blepharoptosis. If the results are unpredictable, the two-stage operation should be performed. Results Only 30% of the eyelids in this study were perfectly symmetric after the blepharoptosis operation, with 70% asymmetric. These 70% showed good symmetry immediately after surgery, but asymmetry occurred 6 months after the operation. Conclusion In blepharoptosis surgery, different techniques for double eyelids must be applied according to the method of ptosis correction used. Usually, the height of the double eyelid on the ptotic side should be a little less than the normal double eyelid height on the nonptotic side. However, it is difficult to achieve symmetric double eyelids in blepharoptosis patients.     

The anterior layer of the levator aponeurosis in blepharoptosis correction

Background: Conventional aponeurotic surgery for blepharoptosis has many advantages, but there is a potential for recurrence and lagophthalmos. The anatomy of the levator palpebrae muscle is relatively well studied, but the relationship of levator aponeurosis with surrounding layers is still controversial. This study aims to prove the presence of an anterior layer of the levator aponeurosis in clinical cases and to describe a technique involving its use for obtaining predictable outcomes in blepharoptosis correction.Methods: Between January 2014 and October 2018, 173 patients with blepharoptosis underwent correction surgery that involved relocating the anterior layer of the levator aponeurosis. During this procedure, after retracting the preaponeurotic fat pad, we could identify the misinserted anterior layer of the levator aponeurosis on the floor of the fat pad. The anterior layer was divided and advanced with posterior layers to 2 mm below the upper margin of the tarsus. After surgery, patients were followed up for 1 year, and surgical outcomes were evaluated.Results: After 1 year of follow-up, 95.4% of the examined patients showed good long-term outcomes. Moreover, although 4% showed moderate outcomes and lost the double eyelid skin crease, there was no ptosis recurrence in these patients and no lagophthalmos occurred in any of the 173 patients.Conclusions: The authors found the misinserted anterior layer of the levator aponeurosis at the floor of preaponeurotic fat pad in blepharoptosis patients. Relocation of the anterior layer can provide predictable outcomes without lagophthalmos in blepharoptosis correction.     

重睑成形术后发生上睑下垂的原因分析及其防治

目的 探讨重睑术后发生上睑下垂的原因及早期防治方法，避免术后医疗纠纷的发生。方法 对拟做重睑术的患者，术前详细询问病史并认真查体。对18例术前发现有睁眼乏力或轻度上睑下垂者，采用切开法重睑术并同时行上睑提肌缩短术，对3例切开法重睑成形术后，出现上睑下垂并发症者即刻打开切口行上睑提肌缩短术；对5例埋线法术后出现上睑下垂者在7d内拆除缝线，重新设计重睑线。无论切开法或埋线法，如超过10d即均在3个月后再行切开法重睑成形术。结果 对26例术前存在或术后发现的轻度上睑下垂者重行手术修复，24例随访3个月至2年，医者与受术者双方满意或基本满意。结论只要遵循预防为主、早期发现、早期治疗的原则，重睑成形术后出现上睑下垂这一特殊并发症是可以治愈的。     

Super-maximum levator resection for severe unilateral congenital blepharoptosis

The treatment for severe unilateral blepharoptosis is controversial. Sixteen consecutive cases of severe unilateral blepharoptosis were studied: eight had a super-maximum levator muscle resection (30 mm or more) and eight had a bilateral brow suspension with excision of the normal levator. Cosmetically acceptable results were achieved in six of eight cases undergoing a super maximum levator resection. Disparity in the palpebral fissure in downgaze ranged from 3 to 6 mm and was not bothersome to either patient or parent. Postoperative complications such as hypotropia and conjunctival prolapse can be minimized with careful technique. Four to eight cases undergoing bilateral brow suspension with excision of the normal levator had residual ptosis. Brow scars were occasionally noticeable. Overall cosmesis was considered better in the super-maximum levator resection group compared to the frontalis sling group by unbiased observers. Super-maximum levator resection is a good alternative in the treatment of severe unilateral blepharoptosis for selected cases, particularly for those who fear manipulation of the normal eyelid.     

眶隔筋膜瓣与额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊矫正重度上睑下垂

目的:为更好地保持眼睑的原有结构,符合其生理和生物力学特点,探索一种治疗重度上睑下垂的新方法。方法:术中于眼轮匝肌下分离并显露眶隔筋膜至近眶上缘处,在眶隔表面设计一蒂位于睑板上缘的梯形瓣,按设计线全层切开眶隔,形成眶隔筋膜瓣。在患侧眉上形成一额肌瓣,将两瓣相互重叠缝合固定,上提睑缘至角膜上缘处,起到悬吊上睑、矫正下垂畸形的作用。结果:作者利用该方法对22例26侧重度上睑下垂的眼睑进行了治疗,随访病人17例,19侧眼睑,其中16侧眼睑取得了满意的效果,额肌收缩时患睑睁大两侧眼裂大小对称,可达到正常睑缘的位置。睑缘弧度及重睑外形满意。3侧眼睑矫正不完全,经二次手术修复得以矫正。讨论:作者认为利用眶隔筋膜形成的组织瓣与额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊缝合,保持了眼睑的原有结构,具有手术损伤轻,上睑悬吊牢固,不易复发,睑缘和重睑线弧度及外观满意,畸形矫正效果良好,优于传统的单纯额肌悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜瓣悬吊的方法。