冠心病患者心率震荡与静息心率的相关性研究

目的研究心率震荡（HRT）和静息心率（RHR）、心率变异性时阈指标（SDNN）在冠心病（CHD）中的变化，以及它们之间的关系。方法选择有室性早搏的冠心病患者53例，根据24h动态心电图（Hoher）记录资料分组，A组（良性室性心律失常组：偶发室早）32例，B组（不良室性心律失常组：伴有阵发性室性心动过速或多源性室早或频发室早）21例，动态心电图记录SDNN和6am的静息心率（RHR），计算心率震荡的两个参数：震荡初始（TO）和震荡斜率（1S），比较两组间的差别，分析TO、TS与SDNN、RHR之间的相关性。结果B组TO值高于A组（0、80％±3．94％vs-1．45％±4．37％，p〈0．05），而TS值低于A组（11．03±11．01ms／RR间期vs19．77±19．00ms／RR间期，p〈0．05），RHR值明显高于A组（82．18±9．70bpmvs70．94±11．32bpm，p〈0．01），B组TO与SDNN呈负相关，与静息心率呈正相关；TS与静息心率呈负相关，而与SDNN无明显相关。结论冠心病患者伴有不良室性心律失常时，心率震荡现象减弱，心率震荡增加，提示心脏自主神经平衡的破坏与不良性室性心律失常有一定的内在联系。     

瑞芬太尼对中老年人心率及心率变异性的影响

目的: 观察瑞芬太尼对不同年龄组患者心率及心率变异性的影响,以及阿托品对心率的保护作用。方法: 选择行择期手术的全麻患者,先按年龄分组:中年(M,40～59岁)和老年(O,≥60岁),每一组又随机分为单纯应用瑞芬太尼(R)组和阿托品(A)预处理,共分为4个组（每组20例）:中年单纯瑞芬太尼组（RM）、老年单纯瑞芬太尼组（RO）、中年阿托品预处理组（ARM）和老年阿托品预处理组（ARO）。RM组和RO组静脉恒速泵入瑞芬太尼2 μg/kg,泵速为1 μg/(kg·min)。其余两组患者给药方式相同,只是在静脉应用瑞芬太尼之前30 min肌肉注射阿托品0.5 mg。记录用药前（T0）、用药后1 min(T1)、2 min(T2)、3 min(T3)、5 min(T5)、7 min(T7)等各时间点的心率(HR)、低高频比值(LF/HF)。结果: RM组和RO组患者的HR、LF/HF值在T1~T7各时间点,与T0相比均降低(P<0.05);而ARM组患者给药后的各时间点的HR、LF/HF值与T0相比较,未出现有统计学意义的变化;ARO组的HR和LF/HF值在给药后也出现有统计学意义的下降（P<0.05）,但与RO组相比,下降的幅度较小。结论: 静脉泵入瑞芬太尼时,中老年患者心率及心率变异性明显降低,而阿托品可以拮抗瑞芬太尼减慢心率的作用,因此瑞芬太尼应用于中老年患者时,提倡预先应用阿托品以预防心动过缓。     

Relationship between heart rate turbulence and heart rate, heart rate variability, and number of ventricular premature beats in coronary patients

INTRODUCTION: Heart rate variability (HRV) illustrates regulation of the heart by the autonomic nervous system whereas heart rate turbulence (HRT) is believed to reflect baroreflex sensitivity. The aim of this study was to determine the association between HRT and HRV parameters and the relationship between HRT parameters and heart rate and number of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) used to calculate HRT parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 146 patients (117 males and 29 females; mean age 62 years) with coronary artery disease, a 24-hour ECG Holter monitoring was performed to calculate mean heart rate (RR interval), number of VPBs, time- and frequency-domain HRV parameters and two HRT parameters: turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between tested parameters. Significant correlation between TS and mean RR interval was observed (r = 0.42; p < 0.001), while no association for TO vs. RR interval was found. TS values were significantly higher in patients with less than 10 VPBs/24 hours than in patients with more frequent VPBs. Significant associations between HRT and HRV parameters were found with TS showing stronger correlation with HRV parameters than TO (r value ranging from 0.35 to 0.62 for TS vs. -0.16 to -0.38 for TO). CONCLUSION: HRT parameters correlate strongly with HRV parameters indicating that HRT should be considered as a reflection of both baroreceptors response and overall autonomic tone. Heart rate dependence of turbulence slope indicates the need to adjust this parameter for heart rate.     

冠心病患者冠脉动脉病变严重程度与心率震荡斜率相关

目的评价冠心病与心率震荡、心率变异的关系。方法对20例经冠脉造影术确诊的冠心病患者,20例高血压患者（经冠脉造影术排除冠心病）与20例正常体检者进行心率变异指标和心率震荡参数比较。并对冠脉病变与各项指标进行线性回归分析,进一步评价心率变异、心率震荡指标与冠脉病变程度的相关性。结果冠心病患者组心率变异指标SDNN（100±7）ms、SDNNI（39±3）ms和心率震荡参数TS（3.0±2.3）均低于正常体检组的SDNN（131±6）ms、SDNNI（53±3）ms、TS（6.7±1.3）（P<0.01）,而高血压患者组仅SDNN（109±6）ms、SDNNI（44±3）ms低于正常体检组（P<0.05）;研究还发现冠心病组TS（3.0±2.3）低于高血压组TS（6.0±1.6）（P<0.01）。对冠脉病变与各项检测指标进行线性回归分析后发现,TS与冠脉的狭窄程度呈负相关（r=-0.61,P<0.01）,与冠脉病变评分呈负相关（r=-0.462,P<0.05）。将冠脉按照病变程度进行分组发现,冠状动脉病变狭窄程度≥50%的TS值显著变小（P<0.01）,多支病变的TS明显变小（P<0.05）,冠脉病变评分高于10分组TS值显著变小（P<0.05）。结论冠心病患者的心率震荡参数TS显著减小,并且TS与冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度有一定相关性。     

Elevated heart rate and nondipping heart rate as potential targets for melatonin: a review

Elevated heart rate is a risk factor for cardiovascular and all‐cause mortalities in the general population and various cardiovascular pathologies. Insufficient heart rate decline during the night, that is, nondipping heart rate, also increases cardiovascular risk. Abnormal heart rate reflects an autonomic nervous system imbalance in terms of relative dominance of sympathetic tone. There are only a few prospective studies concerning the effect of heart rate reduction in coronary heart disease and heart failure. In hypertensive patients, retrospective analyses show no additional benefit of slowing down the heart rate by beta‐blockade to blood pressure reduction. Melatonin, a secretory product of the pineal gland, has several attributes, which predict melatonin to be a promising candidate in the struggle against elevated heart rate and its consequences in the hypertensive population. First, melatonin production depends on the sympathetic stimulation of the pineal gland. On the other hand, melatonin inhibits the sympathetic system in several ways representing potentially the counter‐regulatory mechanism to normalize excessive sympathetic drive. Second, administration of melatonin reduces heart rate in animals and humans. Third, the chronobiological action of melatonin may normalize the insufficient nocturnal decline of heart rate. Moreover, melatonin reduces the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, which are considered a crucial pathophysiological disorder of increased heart rate and pulsatile blood flow. The antihypertensive and antiremodeling action of melatonin along with its beneficial effects on lipid profile and insulin resistance may be of additional benefit. A clinical trial investigating melatonin actions in hypertensive patients with increased heart rate is warranted.     

心率变异性评价心力衰竭及其等级的临床应用

目的 :评价心率变异性在充血性心力衰竭患者的临床应用价值。方法 :用 2 4h动态心电图研究充血性心力衰竭患者和对照组的心率变异性 ,并与其它心脏结构及功能参数比较。结果 :充血性心力衰竭组的 SDNN,SDANN,L F,HF和 L F/HF均较对照组显著降低 （P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1）。随心力衰竭严重程度的增加 ,心率变异性呈递进性降低 ,且与左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率及左室舒张末内径的改变相关 （P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1）。结论 :心率变异性测定可以作为心力衰竭的诊断及其严重程度判断的客观指标。     

急性冠脉综合征患者的心率减速力与心率变异性之间的关系

目的:研究急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者心率减速力（DC）的变化及其与心率变异性（HRV）之间的关系。方法:97例ACS患者（ACS组）与99例稳定型心绞痛患者（SAP组）及98例正常人行24小时动态心电图检查，计算机自动测定DC值并进行心率变异性（HRV）分析。结果:ACS组患者中，异常DC的发生率明显高于SAP组和正常对照组；ACS组患者的DC值明显低于SAP组与正常对照组；ACS组患者的DC与HRV密切相关。结论:ACS患者的DC减弱，DC变化与HBV密切相关。     

优化重组技术在冠心病患者心率过快和心率波动中的诊断价值评估

目的：探讨优化重组技术在冠心病患者心率过快和心率波动中的诊断价值。方法选取196例确诊为冠心病的患者,据心率程度及波动范围分为四组,均行64层螺旋CT检查,以优化重组技术评估各组各支冠脉可评价率。结果四组自动重组后各支血管图像质量比较差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.01）,A组优于其他三组（ P＜0.01）;再次优化重组后各支血管图像质量比较,左回旋支及右冠状动脉差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.01）;自动重组和再次优化重组后,B、C、D组各支可评价率比较差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论64层螺旋CT优化重组技术可有效提高影像图像可评价率,但仍存在一定的局限和不足,检查前有效控制心率及心率波动可提高可评价率和诊断率。     

慢性心力衰竭患者心率震荡检测及临床意义

目的观察慢性心力衰竭患者窦性心率震荡(HRT)现象的特征并探讨其临床意义。方法50例慢性心衰患者(心衰组)和30例非器质性心脏病患者(对照组)均接受24hHolter检查,分别计算HRT的初始值(TO)、震荡斜率(TS)及心率变异性的SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD值,并进行相关性分析。结果心衰组TO明显高于对照组(0.65±3.60%与-1.89±2.48%,P<0.01);心衰组TS明显低于对照组(2.96±1.23与10.24±4.47,P<0.001)。对照组TS与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD的相关系数分别为-0.426、-0.385、-0.372(P均<0.05);心衰组TO与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD的相关系数分别为0.489、0.465、0.436(P均<0.01),TS与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD的相关系数分别为-0.745、-0.686、-0.597(P均<0.001)。结论慢性心衰患者中HRT现象明显减弱,TO与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD值呈正相关,TS与SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD值呈负相关。     

糖尿病患者心率减速力与心率变异性分析

目的探讨心率减速力（decelerationcapacityofhearrate,DC）与心率变异性（heartratevariability,HRV）在评价糖尿病患者自主神经功能方面的应用。方法对73例2型糖尿病患者和65名正常人群对照组进行24h动态心电图检查,离线计算DC、HRV时域指标并进行比较和相关分析。结果2型糖尿病患者的DC及HRV各时域指标均比对照组降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。相关分析结果显示,2型糖尿病组DC与HRV中的总标准差（SDNN）呈正相关（r=O．597,P〈O．01）,与差值均方根（RMSSD）呈正相关（r=O．569,P〈0．01）,与pNN50呈正相关（r=0．501．P〈0．05）。结论DC和HRV各时域指标有较好的相关性,可作为2型糖尿病患者自主神经功能检测的指标。     

Heart rate versus heart rate variability in risk prediction after myocardial infarction

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) in risk prediction after acute myocardial infarction (MI) and to evaluate the effect of beta-blocker treatment on the prognostic performance of heart rate and HRV. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three hundred sixty-six patients underwent 24-hour Holter recording 1 to 6 days after an MI. HRV was expressed as the standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals. Left ventricular systolic function was evaluated using the wall motion index. Half of the patients were taking a beta-blocker at the time of Holter recording. Mean follow-up was 44 months (median 34) after MI. By the end of follow-up, 82 patients had died. Mortality at 1 and 3 years was 12.5% and 22.6%, respectively. HRV, heart rate, wall motion index, number of ventricular premature beats per hour, and ventricular tachycardia were all significantly (P < 0.05) associated with mortality in univariate analysis, independent of beta-blocker therapy. In multivariate Cox analysis, only heart rate, wall motion index, number of ventricular premature beats per hour, and age had independent prognostic value (P < 0.001). In any model, including heart rate, HRV had no predictive value. CONCLUSION: The prognostic information of HRV is contained completely in heart rate, which carries prognostic information further than that of HRV. This result was independent of beta-blocker treatment.     

冠心病患者窦性心率震荡与心率变异性和室性早搏关系的探讨

目的探讨冠心病患者的窦性心率震荡(HRT)及其与心率变异性(HRV)和室性早搏之间的关系。方法86例冠心病患者行24h动态心电图检查,计算机自动测定HRT的两个参数震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS)、HRV时域和频域指标及室性早搏数目。结果冠心病患者的HRT减弱,HRV降低,且TO与时域指标SDNN和SDANN及频域指标LF和LF/HF明显相关(p<0.05),TS与时域指标SDNN和RMSSD及频域指标HF和LF/HF及室性早搏数目明显相关(p<0.05)。结论冠心病患者的HRT现象减弱,且HRT与HRV及室性早搏数目明显相关。HRT应当是一种较HRV更好预测高危冠心病患者的无创性检查方法。     

Restoration of heart rate turbulence by titrated beta-blocker therapy in patients with advanced congestive heart failure: positive correlation with enhanced vagal modulation of heart rate

INTRODUCTION: Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is a powerful novel predictor for cardiovascular mortality. Chronic congestive heart failure is associated with abnormal HRT. Whether antiadrenergic beta-blocker therapy can restore control of HRT in patients with chronic congestive heart failure is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 24-hour Holter ECG recording was obtained before and 1 and 3 months after titrated addition of atenolol therapy in 10 consecutive patients with advanced congestive heart failure. Two parameters derived from HRT, turbulence slope (TS) and turbulence onset (TO), and time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters (SDNN, RMSSD, VLF, LF, HF) from 24-hour ECG were compared before and after beta-blocker therapy, together with the same parameters in age-matched normal control. Results showed that TS (3.1 +/- 2.2 vs 6.2 +/- 3.0; P = 0.001) and all HRV parameters were increased after 3 months of atenolol treatment. No changes in TO were evident (0.6 +/- 0.5 vs -0.2 +/- 1.3; P = 0.13). The improvement of TS and the vagally mediated parameters of mean R-R interval, RMSSD, and the HF component of HRV were positively correlated. CONCLUSION: Abnormal HRT caused by chronic congestive heart failure can be restored by beta-blocker therapy. The evolution of TS was positively correlated with measures of vagal modulation of heart rate.     

糖尿病患者窦性心率震荡与心率变异性关系的初步探讨

目的 探讨糖尿病患者的窦性心率震荡(HRT)与心率变异性(HRV)的关系.方法 糖尿病患者和健康体检者各50例行24h动态心电图(Holter)检查,计算并比较2组患者心率震荡初始(TO)、震荡斜率(TS)与HRV各指标的相关性.结果 糖尿病组的HRT减弱,HRV降低,且震荡初始与SDNN、SDANN及低频成分具有明显相关性(P＜0.05),震荡斜率与SDNN、RMSSD及高频成分具有明显相关性(P＜0.05).结论 糖尿病患者的HRT现象减弱,且与HRV明显相关.HRT对诊断糖尿病自主神经功能损伤更有价值.     

急性心梗患者心率减速力与心率变异性

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心率减速力(DC)与心率变异(HRV)、心率震荡(HRT)的相关性.方法62例窦性心律的AMI患者和51例非AMI对照组进行24h动态心电图检查,离线计算DC、HRV时域指标、HRT的两个参数震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS).结果:AMI患者的DC值、HRV降低;HRT减弱;且DC...     

窦性心率震荡在冠心病中的应用

窦性心率震荡（HRT）是近年来发现的一种与恶性心律失常密切相关的心电现象。冠心病患者是心脏性猝死的高危人群,对其进行危险度分层及预后预测,一直是临床关注的研究领域。目前运用的无创方法如超声左室射血分数（LVEF）测定、心室晚电位、OT离散度、心率变异性（HRV）、压力反射敏感性（BRS）等,均受敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值的限制,因此,需要探求新的预测指标加以完善。近年来研究发现的新的病理生理现象——心率震荡,以无创、简单、可靠等优点逐渐展现出广阔的应用前景。     

Heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence in hypothyroidism before and after treatment

Background: Cardiac autonomic dysfunction may develop in patients with clinical or subclinical thyroid hormone deficiency. Heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate turbulence (HRT) are used for evaluating changes in cardiac autonomic functions and also used to provide risk stratification in cardiac and noncardiac diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate cardiac autonomic functions before and 6 months after thyroid replacement therapy in patients with thyroid hormone deficiency. Methods: Forty hypothyroid patients (mean age 48 ± 13, four male) and 31 healthy controls (mean age 51 ± 12, three male) were included in the study. Twenty‐four hour ambulatory electrocardiogram recordings were taken using Pathfinder Software Version V8.255 (Reynolds Medical). The time domain parameters of HRV analysis were performed using the Heart Rate Variability Software (version 4.2.0, Norav Medical Ltd, Israel). HRT parameters, Turbulence Onset (TO), and Turbulence Slope (TS) were calculated with HRT! View Version 0.60‐0.1 software. Results: HRV and HRT parameters were decreased in the patient group (SDNN; P < 0.001, SDANN; P < 0.009, RMSSD; P = 0.049, TO; P = 0.035, TS; P < 0.001). After 6 months of thyroid replacement therapy, there were no significant changes observed in either HRV or HRT. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism may cause cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Treating hypothyroidism with L‐thyroxine therapy does not effectively restore cardiac autonomic function. HRV and HRT can be used as to help monitor cardiovascular‐related risk in this population. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2011;16(4):344–350     

Short-term variability of heart rate turbulence in chronic heart failure

Background

Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is associated with risk in chronic heart failure (CHF). The objective of this study was to assess the short-term variability of HRT and to compare the diagnostic yield of 7-day (7DH) versus 24-hour (1DH) Holter monitoring for calculating HRT in a CHF population.

Methods and Results

Forty-nine consecutive patients with CHF were studied. At inclusion, 7DH was performed to evaluate the variability of HRT parameters. For categorized analyses, turbulence onset (TO) ≥0% and turbulence slope (TS) ≤2.5 ms/RR were defined as abnormal, and patients were classified into subgroups based on the number of abnormal HRT parameters.The cumulative percentage of patients with calculable HRT increased from 69.4% with 1DH to 93.9% with 7DH. The intraclass correlation coefficients across the 7-day monitoring were 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–0.89) for TO and 0.90 (95% CI 0.84–0.95) for TS. When comparing 2 randomly selected days, TO and TS values were similar (P > .1) and showed a strong correlation (TO: r = 0.79; TS: r = 0.84: P < .001). Bland-Altman plots showed a mean difference of 0.31% (95% CI −0.07 to 0.70) for TO and 0.44 ms/RR (95% CI −1.37 to 0.48) for TS. In contrast, categorized analyses showed that up to 16% of patients changed their HRT subgroup score from day 1 to day 2 of comparison.

Conclusions

In this population, 7DH significantly increased the percentage of patients with calculable HRT parameters. The short-term variability of the quantitative HRT values was good, but when patients were categorized into the established HRT subgroups, the concordance was suboptimal.     

静息心率与冠心病发病危险因素聚集性的关联

本文探讨了静息心率与冠心病发病危险因素高血压、高纤维蛋白原血症、高甘油三酯血症、高血糖聚集性的关联。发现超重（ＢＭＩ≥２５）及（或）男＞４５岁，女＞５５岁人群，平均静息心率＞８８次／分钟组上述两个以上危险因素聚集发生机率较６０次／分钟组增加约５０％。多因素Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析表明，调整年龄、体重指数两混杂因素影响后，在心率＞８８次／分钟人群则这种危险性仍明显增加（ＯＲ＝４．３，９５％可信限２．１～８．７），提示在超重及较年长人群中心率可能是一个简单的冠心病危险因素聚集发生的临床标志。     

PCI对急性冠脉综合征患者心率变异性的影响

目的观察PCI术对急性冠脉综合征患者心率震荡(HRT)与心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法选择接受PCI的ACS患者126例,按冠脉造影结果分为中度狭窄(管腔直径狭窄70%～90%)及重度狭窄(管腔直径狭>90%)组。分析其PCI术前及术后1周、3个月HRT指标震荡初始(TO)、震荡斜率(TS)及HRV指标(SDNN、SDANN及RMSSD)。结果 PCI术后1周HRT较术前明显改善(p<0.01);HRV参数与术前比较无显著差异(p>0.05)。PCI术后3个月,HRT较术前明显改善(p<0.01)但与术后1周无显著差异(p>0.05);HRV参数较术前及术后1周均明显降低(p<0.01)。PCI术前重度狭窄组TO值较中度狭窄者升高(p<0.05),TS值较中度狭窄者明显降低(p<0.01),而SDNN、SDANN及RMSSD均较中度狭窄者明显降低(p<0.01)。PCI术后3个月重度狭窄组HRT及SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD与中度狭窄组比较仍有显著差异性(p<0.05)。结论 HRT及HRV异常与ACS患者病情的严重程度密切相关。HRT及HRV对急性冠脉综合征再灌注治疗后血流的恢复情况具有近期及远期预测价值,可望在临床上做为一种有效无创方法评价PCI的疗效及预后。