盐酸替罗非班对急性冠脉综合征梗死相关血管TIMI血流的影响

目的分析GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者心肌梗死溶栓试验（TIMI）血流的影响。方法选择急诊入院的ACS患者57例,分为试药组（盐酸替罗非班）29例和对照组28例。收集所有病例的临床和冠状动脉造影资料,观察两组TIMI血流情况。结果试药组梗死相关血管TIMI血流分级显著提高,试药组达Ⅰ级以上血流者比例显著高于对照组（97%vs64%,P<0.01）;对照组完全闭塞者比例显著高于试药组（36%vs3%,P<0.01）。结论盐酸替罗非班可以改善ACS患者梗死相关血管TIMI血流。     

体外肺膜氧合在急性冠脉综合征介入治疗中的临床应用与分析

目的 总结及分析体外肺膜氧合（Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO）在急性冠状动脉综合征（Acute coronary syndrome,ACS）介入治疗中的临床应用及评价预后。方法 回顾性分析2015年8月至2018年8月因ACS入院,并在ECMO辅助下行冠状动脉造影术的20例患者的临床资料。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析,计量资料以x±s表示,采用COX回归分析相关因素与患者生存时长的关系,并用OR值与相关因素与生存时间长短之间的关系强度,采用寿命表达计算总数的生存率和绘制生存曲线图。结果 20例ECMO支持下行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（Percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention,PCI）, 患者中16例成功置入冠状动脉支架,其年龄为43~76岁,平均年龄（61.4±9.1）岁,中位年龄为61岁;平均住院天数为（18.0±12.4）d;ECMO平均支持时间为（31.52±27.97）h,术后成功脱机16例（80%）,生存出院16 例（80%）,术后6个月生存率85.0%,平均住院时间为（18.0±12.4）d,术后并发症（OR=3.486,95%CI 1.266~9.599）、ECMO支持时间（OR=1.05,95%CI 1.010~1.106）、术后CK（OR=1.009,95%CI 1.001~1.017）是急性冠状动脉综合征ECMO辅助行PCI 预后的危险因素,其中死亡终点事件主要分布在术后30 d内,术后5例（71.4%）出现肺部感染,2例（28.6%）出现急性出血,1例（14.3%）出现心房颤动 ,1例（14.3%）出现肾功能不全、呼吸衰竭,给予CRRT及呼吸机辅助治疗,1例（14.3%）出现弥漫性血管内凝血,1例（14.3%）下肢缺血性坏疽。结论 ECMO辅助PCI为ACS提供了有效治疗方式,严格把握ECMO辅助时间对治疗危重症ACS远期预后有着重要的意义。     

Early versus delayed percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with non‐ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Background: Studies assessing the timing of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with Non‐ST segment elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (NSTE‐ACS) have failed to generate a consensus on how early PCI should be performed in such patients. Purpose: This meta‐analysis compares clinical outcomes at 30 days in NSTE‐ACS patients undergoing PCI within 24 hours of presentation (early PCI) with those receiving PCI more than 24 hours after presentation (delayed PCI). Data Sources: Data were extracted from searches of MEDLINE (1990‐2010) and Google scholar and from scrutiny of abstract booklets from major cardiology meetings (1990‐2010). Study selection: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that included the composite endpoint of death and non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI) at 30 days after PCI were considered. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted data using standard forms. The effects of early and delayed PCI were analyzed by calculating pooled estimates for death, non‐fatal MI, bleeding, repeat revascularization and the composite endpoint of death or non‐fatal MI at 30 days. Univariate analysis of each of these variables was used to create odds ratios. Data Synthesis: Seven studies with a total of 13,762 patients met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in the odds of the composite endpoint of death or non‐fatal MI at 30 days between patients undergoing early PCI and those receiving delayed PCI (OR‐0.83, 95%CI 0.62‐1.10). Patients receiving delayed PCI experienced a 33% reduction in the odds of repeat revascularization at 30 days compared to those undergoing early PCI (OR‐1.33, 95%CI 1.14‐1.56, P=0.0004).Conversely, patients undergoing early PCI experienced lower odds of bleeding than those receiving delayed PCI (OR‐0.76, 95%CI 0.63‐0.91, P = 0.0003). Conclusions: In NSTE‐ACS patients early PCI doesn't reduce the odds of the composite endpoint of death or non‐fatal MI at 30 day. This strategy is associated with lower odds of bleeding and higher odds of repeat revascularization at 30 days than a strategy of delayed PCI. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后心力衰竭高危因素分析

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后发生心力衰竭的高危因素。方法连续选取解放军第252医院2009年1月至2012年12月因ACS行PCI治疗的患者520例,根据患者术后是否发生心力衰竭分为心力衰竭组（n＝67）和对照组（n＝453）,分别统计患者合并高血压、糖尿病病史、吸烟史、陈旧性心肌梗死史、既往心力衰竭病史,分析患者冠状动脉造影影像结果、手术操作时间、对比剂用量及住院期间血糖、血脂、血常规等血液检查指标。结果67例患者术后发生心力衰竭。与对照组比较,心力衰竭组住院时间明显延长、死亡率明显升高（P＜0.05）。此外,心力衰竭组手术操作时间明显较长、对比剂用量明显增多、合并糖尿病比例明显升高、累及前降支病变比例明显增多、不稳定型心绞痛比例明显减少、心肌梗死比例明显增加（P＜0.05）。血液检查指标分析显示,心力衰竭组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肌酐、尿酸、白细胞水平明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄、前降支病变、白细胞计数、尿酸是ACS患者PCI术后发生心力衰竭的高危因素。结论前降支病变合并入院白细胞计数、尿酸水平明显升高的老年患者为PCI术后发生心力衰竭的高危患者。     

Planning percutaneous coronary interventions using computed tomography angiography and fractional flow reserve‐derived from computed tomography: A state‐of‐the‐art review

Fractional flow reserve derived by coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA; FFRCT) is an accurate noninvasive method for identifying coronary artery disease (CAD) and detecting hemodynamically significant stenosis. Although initially proposed as noninvasive tools to “rule out” significant CAD in low‐risk patients, CTA and FFRCT are now utilized in higher‐risk patients. Furthermore, new applications of CTA and FFRCT include a planning tool for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which allows the cardiologist to assess lesion‐specific ischemia, plan stent locations and sizes, and use virtual remodeling of the lumen (virtual stenting) to assess the functional impact of PCI. The purpose of this review is to discuss the principles of CTA and FFRCT acquisition, and their application for PCI planning, even before invasive angiography is performed.     

非ST段抬高性急性冠状动脉综合征介入治疗的远期随访

目的　探讨非ST段抬高性急性冠状动脉 (冠脉 )综合征介入治疗的远期疗效。方法　对 1991年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 1月 2 2 4例进行冠脉介入治疗的病人进行了随访研究 ,随访时间 10～ 10 8个月 ,平均 ( 32 4± 19 5 )个月。根据临床资料分非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征组 (n =12 6 )和稳定型心绞痛组 (n =98)。将全部病例的随访情况进行了对比研究。结果　非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征组和稳定型心绞痛组之间的胸痛 ( 0 71± 0 79和 0 36± 0 5 7,P >0 0 5 ) ,气急、气短 ( 0 2 4± 0 4 8和 0 13± 0 34,P >0 0 5 )和心悸症状 ( 0 89± 1 0 3和 0 36± 0 5 7,P >0 0 5 )的积分差异无显著性。两组间超声心动图局部室壁运动异常发生率 ( 6 5 %和 5 9% ,P >0 0 5 )和次极量负荷实验阳性率 ( 19%和 13% ,P>0 0 5 )差异无显著性 ,两组的无心脏事件生存率和死亡率差异无显著性 ( 6 2 %和 91% ,P >0 0 5 ;5 %和 1% ,P >0 0 5 )。两组患者的主观满意率分别是 84 %和 94 % (P >0 0 5 )。结论　非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征的介入治疗可获得较好的远期效果 ,并与稳定型心绞痛的介入治疗效果相同。     

Implementation of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Russia and clinical factors influencing decision making

BackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) should be performed in presence of objective evidence of myocardial ischemia. Our study investigated the appropriateness of PCI among ACS patients in Russia and explored clinical factors associated with PCI performance.Methods and resultsClinical information about 65,912 ACS patients (60.5% male, aged 63.2±13.8 years) enrolled in the 2010–2011 Russian ACS Registry was examined. ACCF 2012 criteria were used to assess the appropriateness of PCI. PCI was performed in 13.8% of patients included in the study. Among patients with performed PCI (ACS-PCI patients), it was appropriate in 68.9%. In patients refused from PCI (ACS-nonPCI patients), it would be appropriate in 57.9% patients. Main clinical factors related to PCI were age, male sex, prior PCI, ST-segment elevation on ECG, and accordance with any of ACCF 2012 appropriate use criteria. But these factors were attributable for ACS-PCI patients only. It was a low correlation between these clinical factors and refuse from PCI.ConclusionsIt was shown that intervention was appropriate in the most patients with ACS received PCI. Among patients, refused from revascularization, PCI would be appropriate in more than half of them. We revealed that several clinical characteristics of ACS patients, including ACCF 2012 criteria, are fundamental for the decision to conduct PCI, but the negative decision was determined by other, non-clinical factors.     

非糖尿病急性冠状动脉综合征与急性高血糖的关系

目的:分析冠状动脉的病变程度与应激性高血糖水平的关系.方法:选择126例接受冠状动脉造影的非糖尿病急性冠状动脉综合征住院患者并监测其入院后24 h内血糖水平.根据冠状动脉病变的程度分为单支病变组、双支病变组和多支病变组.结果:多支病变组入院24 h内血糖值显著高于双支病变组[(9.9±1.0 )mmol/L∶(7.6±1.3 )mmol/L]及单支病变组[(9.9±1.0) mmol/L∶(5.9±0.4 )mmol/L],均P＜0.01.双支病变组入院24 h内血糖值同样显著高于单支病变组[(7.6±1.3) mmol/L∶(5.9±0.4 )mmol/L),P＜0.01.结论:在非糖尿病急性冠状动脉综合征患者中,急性期血糖值在一定程度与冠状动脉病变程度相关.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后血浆过氧化物酶5水平及其与预后的关系

目的 探究急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后血浆过氧化物酶5(Prx5)水平及与预后的关系.方法 选取2016年5月-2017年8月接受救治的148例ACS患者作为研究对象,平均随访时间为21.97(8～24)个月.以Prx5评价ACS患者预后的最佳截断点(44.12 μg/L)为界,将患者...     

利尿剂对氯吡格雷抗栓治疗的PCI术后急性冠脉综合征患者预后的影响

目的:探讨利尿剂对急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗预后的影响。方法:根据入选和排除标准,前瞻性连续募集2009年9月~2011年9月,在解放军总医院老年心血管病研究所住院行氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗的PCI术后ACS患者,并对其心血管主要缺血终点事件(心源性死亡,非致死性心肌梗死或者脑卒中,紧急冠状动脉血运重建)和联合缺血终点事件(主要缺血终点事件及明确或可疑支架内血栓形成,复发性心肌缺血或者不稳定型心绞痛再入院治疗,非紧急血运重建)的发生情况进行为期1年的随访。分别利用Logistic多元回归、Kaplan-Meier曲线及Cox多元回归等统计方法,分析利尿剂对PCI术后经氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗的ACS患者心血管缺血终点事件的影响。结果:在750例符合入选标准的PCI术后经氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗的ACS患者中,664例患者完成了为期1年的心血管缺血终点事件的随访。对发生缺血终点事件(n=164)和未发生缺血终点事件(n=500)患者的一般情况和临床特征的单因素比较分析发现,年龄、他汀类药物、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体阻断剂和利尿剂的应用在两组患者之间具有显著性的差异(P0.05,P0.01)。Logistic多元回归分析发现,联合应用利尿剂是心血管主要缺血终点事件(OR:2.99,95%CI:1.37-6.54,P0.01)及联合缺血终点事件(OR:2.37,95%CI:1.53-3.68,P0.01)发生的独立危险因素。Kaplan-Meier曲线和Cox多元回归分析均发现,联合应用利尿剂的患者1年内发生联合缺血终点事件的风险显著高于未使用利尿剂的患者(P0.01)。结论:联合应用利尿剂增加了经氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗的PCI术后ACS患者心血管缺血终点事件发生的风险。     

国产替罗非班对老年急性冠脉综合征介入治疗患者近期预后的影响

目的 评价国产替罗非班对老年（≥60岁）急性冠脉综合征（ACS）接受冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者近期预后的影响。方法325例患者根据是否使用替罗非班分为替罗非班组（n=210）和对照组（n=115）,所有患者术中均植入了药物洗脱支架;替罗非班组在口服阿司匹林＋氯吡格雷基础上加用替罗非班,对照组仅口服阿司匹林＋氯吡格雷;比较两组基线资料、支架植入即刻心肌梗死溶栓治疗（TIMI）血流3级比率、支架内血栓发生率、轻微出血、大出血和血小板减少发生率、术后30d死亡、心肌梗死（MI）和靶血管血运重建（TVR）率。结果替罗非班组PCI后即刻TIMI血流3级比率高于对照组（99．05％VS94．78％,P〈0．05）;支架内血栓发生率明显低于对照组（0．47％vs3．47％,P〈0．01）;术后30d,替罗非班组死亡、MI和TVR率明显低于对照组（分别为0．00％VS2．61％、0．47％VS3．47％和0．47％vs1．73％,P〈0．01）;替罗非班组轻微出血发生率高于对照组,但无统计学差异（7．14％VS4．35％,P〉0．05）,两组大出血发生率和血小板减少发生率均无显著差异（分别为0．00％12S0．00％和0．95％vs0．87％,P〉0．05）。结论国产替罗非班可明显改善老年ACS患者PCI术后即刻TIMI血流状况;有效降低支架内血栓发生率;减少术后30d死亡、MI和TVR发生率,且不增加大出血和血小板减少的发生,从而改善患者的近期预后。     

强化他汀类药物治疗对老年非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入术中的心肌保护作用

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）术前短期的高剂量阿托伐他汀的强化预处理对老年非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征（NSTEACS）患者PCI术中的心肌保护作用。方法92例住院准备PCI治疗的老年ACS患者随机分为强化组（PCI术前使用阿托伐他汀40mg/d预处理3～5d,共47例）和对照组（PCI术前仅使用阿托伐他汀10mg/d预处理3～5d,共45例）,其余药物治疗两组类似,后行PCI治疗,术前均再次服用300mg负荷剂量的氯吡格雷。主要观察指标为术后8、24h的肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平的变化和术后24h的肌钙蛋白（cTnI）超过正常上限的比例、30d的主要心脏不良事件（MACE,死亡、再发心肌梗死、再次血运重建）。结果PCI术后24h的CK、CK-MB水平,对照组显著高于强化组〔（4.1±0.4）,（0.38±0.12）g/Lvs（3.2±0.5）,（0.31±0.09）g/L;P〈0.05〕;而术后8h的CK、CK-MB水平两组无显著性差异;术后24h的cTnI超过正常上限的比例及CK、CK-MB水平超过正常上限3倍的比率,差异有统计学意义（8.5%、6.4%、6.4%vs26.7%、15.6%、17.8%;P〈0.05）;术后30d强化组的MACE发生率12.8%,低于对照组17.8%,但无显著性差异。结论对于行PCI治疗的老年ACS患者,高剂量的阿托伐他汀短期预处理可以减轻PCI术中的心肌损伤。     

Ten year mortality in subsets of patients with an acute coronary syndrome

OBJECTIVE—To describe the mortality during the subsequent 10 years for subsets of patients hospitalised for suspected acute coronary syndrome.
PATIENTS AND METHODS—All patients who were admitted to the emergency department in one hospital during 21 months for chest pain or other symptoms raising suspicion of an acute coronary syndrome were registered. From this baseline population three subgroups were defined among those being hospitalised: patients who developed a Q wave acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n = 306); patients who developed a non-Q wave AMI (n = 527); and patients who developed confirmed or possible myocardial ischaemia (unstable angina pectoris) (n = 1274). These three groups were compared in terms of 10 year mortality.
RESULTS—Patients who developed a non-Q wave AMI had the highest 10 year mortality (70.3%), significantly higher than those who developed a Q wave AMI (60.1%; p = 0.004) and those who had confirmed or possible myocardial ischaemia (50.1%; p < 0.0001). There was no difference between patients with confirmed and those with possible myocardial ischaemia (50.0% and 50.1%, respectively). After correction for dissimilarities in age, sex, and history the adjusted risk ratio for death in patients with a non-Q wave AMI compared with Q wave AMI was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82 to 1.25). The corresponding risk ratio for death in patients with a non-Q wave AMI compared with confirmed or possible myocardial ischaemia was 1.91 (95% CI 1.64 to 2.23). There was also an imbalance in drug regimens among groups.
CONCLUSION—This study shows that in a non-selected population of patients hospitalised with a suspected acute coronary syndrome, the highest risk of death is found in those with a non-Q wave AMI and the lowest in those with confirmed or possible myocardial ischaemia. Thus, patients with a Q wave AMI have a long term mortality risk intermediate between the two fractions defined as having unstable coronary artery disease. However, adjusting these results for age and history of cardiovascular disease eliminated the observed difference in mortality between non-Q wave and Q wave AMI. Furthermore, an imbalance in drug regimens might have affected the outcome.


Keywords: prognosis; acute coronary syndrome