慢性硬膜下血肿96例诊治体会

目的探讨慢性硬膜下血肿的诊断、治疗及提高疗效的注意事项。方法选择我科96例慢性硬膜下血肿患者，全部病例均经头颅CT扫描证实诊断、判断出血量；采用单侧或双侧钻孔、冲洗、引流的治疗方法。结果术后血肿腔引流量最少50M，最多450ml；头颅CT复查，90例（93．8％）仅见少量残存血肿（〈10ml）；创腔积气2例；4例症状加重，CT示血肿量较大，行开颅手术清除血肿；双侧血肿病例单侧钻孔的3例对侧血肿增多，行对侧钻孔引流。结论钻孔引流术是治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的首选最佳治疗方法，它创伤小、疗效显著、恢复快，对老年患者大大降低了手术风险；正确的操作是提高疗效的保证。     

慢性硬膜下血肿手术治疗36例临床分析

目的探讨慢性硬膜下血肿的临床特征及手术治疗。方法总结2009年1月-2014年2月收治36例慢性硬膜下血肿的手术治疗经验。36例中行单孔钻孔引流手术者34例（单侧29例,双侧5例）,开颅血肿清除术2例。结果钻单孔引流手术34例,临床症状明显改善33例,无明显变化者1例。2例开颅行血肿及包膜清除术者恢复良好。结论慢性硬膜下血肿应及时行颅脑CT明确诊断,及时手术治疗,预后较好,钻孔引流手术首选;对于身体条件较好,CT提示血肿呈混杂密度影、血肿内有分隔及壁厚者适合开颅行血肿清除及包膜清除术。     

同步钻孔引流治疗双侧慢性硬膜下血肿

目的总结双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析53例双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的临床资料,病例均经头颅CT和(或)MRI扫描确诊,采用双侧同步钻孔、各置双管引流的治疗方法。结果 53例术后症状明显改善或消失。门诊随访,1~2个月后复发3例,再次行钻孔引流后治愈。结论双侧同步钻孔、各置双管引流是治疗双侧慢性硬膜下血肿简单安全有效的方法。     

慢性硬膜下血肿手术治疗68例分析

目的对慢性硬膜下血肿的临床特征及手术治疗进行探讨。方法总结2007-01—2012-05收治68例慢性硬膜下血肿的手术治疗经验。68例中行钻孔引流手术者60例(单侧52例,双侧8例),单孔引流57例,行双孔引流术3例,开颅血肿清除术8例。结果钻孔引流手术60例,临床症状明显改善56例,无明显变化者2例,引流管插入脑内致轻度偏瘫1例,并发对侧急性硬膜下血肿1例。开颅行血肿及包膜清除术者仅1例因继发脑梗死家属放弃进一步治疗,余7例均恢复良好。结论慢性硬膜下血肿应及时行颅脑CT或MRI检查明确诊断,及时手术治疗,预后较好。对于身体条件较好,血肿内有分隔及壁厚,CT提示血肿呈混杂密度影伴有钙化者适合开颅行血肿清除及包膜清除术。     

单侧硬膜下一腹腔引渣治疗婴儿双侧慢性硬膜下血肿

作者报告三例婴儿双侧慢性硬膜下血肿,行单侧硬膜下-腹腔引流治疗收到良好效果。病例Ⅰ:男孩,7个月,因头部外伤后全身强直性抽搐就诊。检查:烦躁、频繁呕吐、囱门紧张、视网膜和视网膜前出血。CT扫描显示双侧硬膜下血肿。将空气注入右侧血肿腔后照相,左侧头部可见到气体,提示左、右两血肿腔相交通。行右侧硬膜下-腹腔引流,硬膜下液体蛋白含量为984mg/dl。术后2年,CT扫描显示双侧血肿消失。病例Ⅱ:男孩,5个月,因头颅增大就诊。无头部外伤史。检查:头大于正常,前囱轻度紧张。CT扫描显示双侧广泛性硬膜下血肿。将空气注入右侧血肿腔后照相,左侧头部也可见到气体,提示左、右两血肿腔交通。行右侧硬膜下     

老年慢性硬膜下血肿手术方式的选择

目的 探讨不同手术方式治疗老年慢性硬膜下血肿的临床疗效.方法 回顾2000-01～2004-12手术治疗老年慢性硬膜下血肿患者68例(其中钻孔引流30例,开颅血肿清除38例)术后3个月、6个月头颅CT检查结果.结果 术后3个月头颅CT检查,钻孔引流30例,血肿消失12例,血肿消失率40%;开颅血肿清除38例,血肿消失36例,血肿消失率95%;术后6个月头颅CT检查,钻孔引流30例,血肿消失18例,血肿消失率60%;开颅血肿清除38例,血肿消失37例,血肿消失率97%.结论 开颅血肿清除的临床效果比钻孔引流的临床效果好,若患者身体条件允许,应尽量采用开颅血肿清除的方法治疗老年人慢性硬膜下血肿.     

双侧慢性硬膜下血肿经一侧钻孔引流术临床疗效分析

目的探讨双侧慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)经血肿量多的一侧行钻孔引流手术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析20例双侧CSDH经一侧钻孔引流术病人的临床资料,总结手术效果、并发症及预后等情况。结果仅行一侧钻孔引流术16例,1个月后复查血肿明显减少,3个月后复查血肿完全吸收;4例延期行对侧钻孔引流,术后恢复良好。结论双侧CSDH经一侧钻孔引流能达到良好的治疗效果,应予推广。     

老年人慢性硬膜下血肿诊断和手术方式的选择

目的探讨老年人慢性硬膜下血肿（CSDH）的临床诊断及其治疗的不同手术方式的选择。方法 2008年10月至2009年5月CSDH患者19例,其中行钻孔引流手术者13例（单侧10例,双侧3例）,行开颅血肿清除术者6例（均为单侧）。结果术后病人临床症状明显改善17例,无明显变化2例,无死亡病例。平均住院18d出院。术后4d行头颅CT检查,13例钻孔引流患者中,8例血肿液化引流完全,5例有残留,其中7例患者血肿有包膜包裹,包膜未见明显变化;6例行开颅血肿清除术的患者血肿完全吸收。1月后随访复查CT示,13例钻孔引流患者中,4例存在包膜阴影;6例行开颅行血肿清除术的病人恢复良好,无明显不适症状。结论老年人CSDH应及时行CT或MRI检查确诊,及时行手术治疗,预后较好。对合并其他疾病种类较少、症状较轻、身体一般状况较好的,并且有坚厚包膜或有钙化者的患者,行开颅清除血肿。     

扩大颅骨钻孔引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿(附286例报告)

目的探讨扩大颅骨钻孔治疗慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)的方法。方法回顾性分析286例慢性硬膜下血肿手术,探讨手术方法。结果经CT扫描证实的286例慢性硬膜下血肿,行扩大颅骨钻孔引流,无1例死亡,术后头颅CT复查12例有颅内积气,无1例患者出现较严重的并发症。结论采用扩大颅骨钻孔引流治疗CSDH可以减少张力性气颅发生,亦可减少继发性出血等并发症。     

双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的治疗简

目的探讨双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的治疗特点。方法回顾性分析56例双侧慢性硬膜下血肿（双侧组）和59例单侧慢性硬膜下血肿（单侧组）的治疗情况。双侧组采取双侧钻孔引流或开颅术,单侧组采取单侧钻孔引流或开颅术。结果双侧组：恢复良好39例,随访l,2年未见复发;半年内复发8例;出现并发症7例;死亡2例。单侧组：恢复良好56例,随访1～2年未见复发：半年内复发2例;出现并发症l例;无死亡病例。两组病人在年龄、头外伤史、影像学中线移位、术前合并症、口服抗凝药、术后复发和并发症例数上差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论双侧慢性硬膜下血肿病人年龄多较大,术后并发症多。手术以改善临床症状为目的,力求微创、简单、快捷、有效。     

双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的微创治疗

目的 探讨双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的诊治方法及效果.方法 回顾性分析2001-04～2006-05收治的28例双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的临床资料,首诊即行颅脑CT检查22例（79%）,MRI检查16例（57%）.首诊误诊3例,漏诊1例.28例术前诊断均正确.治疗方法均采取局麻下行双侧钻单孔冲洗引流术.结果 27例术后均痊愈,1例出现硬膜下积液,全组无死亡病例.结论 双侧慢性硬膜下血肿确诊的首选方法是颅脑CT,必要时辅以MRI检查;双侧钻单孔微创术为首选治疗方法,效果良好.     

Recurrent cases of chronic subdural hematoma--its clinical review and serial CT findings]

Eighty-eight cases (114 hematomas) of chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) were treated surgically using irrigation with or without drainage. 13 cases (14.8%), 13 hematomas (11.4%) showed recurrence after the 1st operation. They were compared with non-recurrent cases using clinical reviews and serial CT findings. The result of the study showed that all of the patients in whom recurrence occurred were male and elderly (mean age 70.4 years). Many of these recurrences occurred in cases of bilateral SDH, on the left hematoma side, and at intervals within 7 days from the onset of clinical symptoms after the 1st operation. All recurrent cases were treated surgically using irrigation without drainage. In preoperative CT findings, it was shown that high density areas and small-sized hematomas were detected at a slightly higher rate in recurrent cases than in non recurrent cases. In postoperative CT findings, it was shown that many of the recurrent patients deteriorated during an interval from 2 weeks to 2 months. It was shown that non-recurrent patients had become almost normal by 3 months after the operation. Residual air volume into the subdural space within 7 days in recurrent cases was greater than in non-recurrent cases. Therefore, using irrigation with drainage, planning the operative timing, and reduction of residual air volume into subdural space are proposed as suitable means to avoid recurrence of SDH. Patients of SDH need postoperative follow-up during an interval up to 3 months.     

18例老年慢性分隔型硬膜下血肿微创治疗

目的 探讨慢性分隔型硬膜下血肿的影像学特征和有效的治疗方法。方法 收集我院18例慢性分隔型硬膜下血肿的临床资料，全部病例均在局麻下施行微创钻孔隔膜疏通加置管引流术。结果：血肿位于左额顶区10例，右额顶区8例。其中单分隔型6例，多分隔型12例，经上述治疗，均获满意效果，无并发症发生。结论：CT是诊断慢性分隔型硬膜下血肿的较好方法，微创钻孔隔膜疏通加置管引流治疗此型血肿，操作简单、安全、疗效可靠。     

高血压脑出血CT立体定向手术30例临床分析

本文报告高血压脑出血30例采用CT立体定向术行血肿排空.平均年龄57岁,出血量最多是96ml,平均43ml,血肿破入侧脑室及第三、四脑室有铸型者21例.术前大部分合并有多脏器功能障碍,常规开颅清除血肿往往使这类病人难以耐受手术再次打击.作者通过临床手术治疗分析.体会到CT立体定向手术具有微创性,定位精确,手术时间短,副损伤轻.对存在多脏器功能障碍的病人全身干扰小.术后恢复快.对多层面的血肿靶点宜选在血肿中心层为佳,有利于血肿排空.对血肿破入脑室者,双侧选择靶点置管尿激酶溶液冲洗引流.同时腰穿放出血性脑脊液是尽快解除脑室梗阻的一种有效方法.注重多脏器功能衰竭的预防和治疗是提高CT立体定向术成功的关键.     

双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的诊治体会

目的探讨双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的诊治特点。方法26例高龄双侧慢性硬膜下血肿,全部病例均行头颅CT检查。2例在全麻下,其它在局麻下采取双侧钻单孔引流术。选定血肿最厚层面前中1／2到1／3处为钻孔点。结果漏诊一侧1例,其余术前诊断正确。25例术后痊愈,1例原有神经功能恢复不明显。结论仔细观察CT和选定合适的钻孔点是诊治的关键。     

颅脑损伤单侧去骨瓣减压术后对侧硬膜下积液43例治疗分析

目的探讨颅脑损伤单侧去骨瓣减压术后对侧硬膜下积液的临床治疗策略。方法回顾分析我科2008年1月到2011年12月单侧去骨瓣减压术后对侧外伤性硬膜下积液43例临床资料,全部病例均先行保守治疗,最终19例进行了手术治疗。结果术后随访6个月,4例转变为慢性硬膜下血肿最终行钻孔引流术,15例均先行硬膜下积液腔钻孔外引流联合腰大池穿刺置管持续引流治疗,其中10例治愈,5例迁延不愈后均再行积液腔-腹腔分流术,4例治愈,1例堵管,堵管者又开颅清除包膜使包膜腔与蛛网膜下腔交通后治愈。非手术治疗者治愈率为55.8%。结论外伤性硬膜下积液大部分能通过保守治疗治愈,无手术指征者,保守治疗,效果满意,但需定期随诊,警惕其转变为慢性硬膜下血肿;有手术指征者一般先行单纯钻孔引流术,如迁延不愈可再行积液腔-腹腔分流术以及开颅清除包膜使包膜腔与蛛网膜下腔交通以达治愈目的。     

慢性硬膜下血肿术后复发的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)术后复发的因素。方法回顾我科自2006年3月至2010年9月手术治疗243例CSDH患者的临床特点、影像学表现、手术方法及术后处理,Logistic回归分析术后复发相关因素。结果术后复发37例,复发率为15.23%。复发的37例患者平均年龄70岁。其中因凝血功能障碍复发者28例;头颅CT血肿为高密度者复发6例,等密度者复发14例,低密度者复发4例,混杂密度者复发13例;因术后大量颅内积气复发者3例;血肿位于单侧复发19例,双侧复发18例。结论患者的年龄,凝血功能障碍,血肿的性质、部位,术后颅内积气和引流量的多少影响CSDH患者的预后。     

饮水量对慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术后脑复张的影响

目的 探讨饮水量对慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术后脑复张的影响。方法 2016年1月至2017年12月择期行钻孔引流术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿156例,按术后饮水量分为大量饮水组（饮水量≥2 000 ml/d,52例）、适量饮水组（饮水量1 000~2000 ml/d,52例）和少量饮水组（饮水量≤1 000 ml/d,52例）。术前、术后14 d测量脑灌注压,行头颅CT评价脑复张。结果 随着饮水量的增加,脑灌注压明显上升（P<0.05）,而脑复张不全发生率明显降低（P<0.05）。3组术后血肿复发率无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术术后饮水量≥2 000 ml/d,可提高脑灌注压,降低脑复张不全发生率。     

Arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa presented as subdural hematomas

The aim of the study was to present the authors' own experience and discuss the treatment method of arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa disclosed as subdural hematoma. Three cases of male patients operated on because of chronic subdural hematoma are presented. Control CT studies after evacuation of hematomas revealed arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa and all patients were qualified for delayed cystocisternostomy by open craniotomy. Indirect signs of presence of arachnoid cysts in the form of bony abnormalities and expanded the middle cranial fossa in the first CT were seen in all patients. Cysts were asymptomatic until the injury in all cases. The volumes of cysts in MRI scans were: 17.8 ml, 52.9 ml and 92.4 ml, respectively. All cysts were type II according to Galassi classification. After control MRI described above made to evaluate cyst appearance, delayed cystocisternostomy to basal cisterns was undertaken in two cases with full success. No complications were observed. The third patient refused surgery. During surgery the thick and non-transparent medial cyst wall and arachnoidea of tentorial notch cisterns were observed impeding the exact identification of neurovascular structures. In our opinion arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa revealed as subdural hematoma should be operated on in two stages: in the first step subdural hematoma should be evacuated and in the second step cystocisternostomy should be performed. With regard to observed morphological changes of arachnoidea and cyst walls we think that open cystocisternostomy is treatment of choice in these cases.     

Single versus double burr hole drainage of chronic subdural hematomas. A study of 267 cases

A spectrum of surgical techniques has been used in the management of chronic subdural hematomas. Single burr hole and double burr hole drainage are among the commonest techniques. A retrospective analysis of 267 patients with chronic subdural hematomas treated surgically by either single or double burr holes was performed. Recurrence rates of subdural hematomas treated either with single or double burr holes were not significantly different (χ²; p > 0.05). Thus, the number of burr holes does not affect the post-operative recurrence rate of chronic subdural hematomas. Both techniques are equally effective treatments.