肝脏继发性淋巴瘤的CT表现

目的 探讨肝脏继发性淋巴瘤的CT表现,以提高对该病的认识和诊断能力. 方法 回顾性分析本院13例经肝穿刺病理学或者临床治疗证实的肝脏继发性淋巴瘤患者的资料,其中12例为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,1例霍奇金淋巴瘤.所有患者均行腹部CT扫描,其中11例行平扫+增强扫描,2例仅平扫.结果 在13例肝脏继发性淋巴瘤中,结节(肿块)型11例,弥漫型1例,混合型1例.所有病变CT平扫均呈低密度影像;增强后,1例影像呈环状强化,1例轻至中度延迟强化,1例中度强化,2例轻度强化,以不均匀强化为主,其中3例出现"血管漂浮征",6例无明显强化.结论 肝脏继发性淋巴瘤的CT表现主要为乏血供,增强扫描出现"血管漂浮征"对诊断有重大意义.     

肝脏少见肿瘤的影像学表现

肝脏是各类原发及继发肿瘤发生的常见器官,组织学类型多种多样,但部分肿瘤类型较少见,CT和MRI可显示肝内病变大小、形态、密度或信号、周围组织关系及肿瘤血供情况,同时MRI具有较高的软组织分辨率。综合运用CT和MRI检查,总结肝脏少见肿瘤的影像学表现,旨在提高对肝脏少见肿瘤的诊断水平,更好的发挥影像学在肝脏肿瘤诊疗中的作用。     

遗传性血色病1例报告

目的 探讨遗传性血色病的发病机制、临床表现,评价铁生化指标、肝穿病理学检查在遗传性血色病诊断中的作用.方法 回顾性分析1例遗传性血色病临床资料.结果 本病例男性,41岁,有乏力症状,皮肤有色素沉着;实验室检查示：血清铁蛋白、血糖、肝功异常;MRI示：肝脏体积增大,肝脏实质信号在T1W1/T2W1均匀减低,呈极低信号;予以铁络合剂治疗后诸证缓解,各项化验指标下降.结论 遗传性血色病患者在我国较少见,临床特点不明显,诊断困难,尤其是遗传性血色病早期患者,家系调查、MRI检测对遗传性血色病的早期诊断显得更为重要.     

肝脏CT灌注检测技术在肝脏疾病中的临床应用

肝脏具有双重血供.在各种病理情况下,肝动、静脉和门静脉之间的血流动力学发生复杂的变化.此文综述了CT灌注成像在肝脏疾病的诊断、治疗及评估中的重要价值.     

8例原发性肝脏血管肉瘤患者的CT表现及病理分析

目的分析8例原发性肝脏血管肉瘤(PHA)的CT表现及相关病理特点,以提高该病的CT诊断。方法所有病例均经手术病理证实,CT上腹部平扫后行动脉期、门脉期、延迟期增强扫描,观察PHA患者的CT表现。手术切除标本,常规HE染色及免疫组织化学染色,常规显微镜观察。结果 CT平扫8例,5例为巨块型,2例混合型,1例多发结节型。病灶呈不均匀低密度影,中央见更低密度坏死区,其中4例巨块型低密度内见散在小片状高密度影,1例混合型巨块边缘见高密度结节。动脉期7例周边结节状、不规则强化,其中1例中央亦见点絮状强化,1例无明显强化。门脉期及延迟期病灶持续强化,1例病灶始终未见强化。本组9个病灶中5个病灶动脉期及门脉期边缘清晰,与周围正常肝组织界限如同"刀切样"表现。7个病灶外缘在门脉期发现"假包膜"。结论 PHA的CT表现为大片低密度灶内伴不规则坏死区或是散在出血灶,增强检查呈渐进性充填,中央有坏死区,边缘可见"刀切征"和"假包膜征",通过上述特征性表现,有助于提高诊断率。     

早期肝脓肿误诊肝癌1例

早期肝脓肿误诊肝癌１例刘禄明张芸玲曹风福尹训银王加伟Ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａｄｉｎｇｓｌｉｖｅｒａｂｓｃｅｓｓ／ｒａｄｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ；ｌｉｖｅｒｎｅｏｐｌａｓｍｓ／ｒａｄｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ；ｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ｘｒａｙｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｄ；ｄｉａｇｎｏ...     

肝肺综合征22例临床表现及CT特征分析

目的 探讨肝肺综合征(HPS)的CT表现并结合临床分析其误诊原因.方法 收集1996年11月至2008年11月北京协和医院22例HPS患者,对其CT表现、临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 22例患者中男12例,女10例,平均年龄(44±17)岁,平均病程(54±52)个月.22例患者均行胸部CT扫描,其中10例肺血管束远端分支明显增粗、增多,表现为胸膜下小结节、网格状或片状影;3例仅见双肺基底部段及亚段肺动脉分支增粗;1例表现为中心肺动脉增粗,1例为右心窒增大,1例双侧胸腔积液;6例末见异常.19例患者行螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)三维重建和肺动脉造影(PAA),其中4例肺内血管异常扩张,15例未见异常.同时可见弥漫性肝病12例,其中10例呈肝硬化表现,2例肝脏弥漫增大;食管静脉曲张和(或)胃底静脉曲张12例、脾大6例,腹水3例.结论 CT异常影像改变和临床表现相结合,更有利于HPS的诊断.对HPS临床表现及影像特点的了解,有助于减少漏诊、误诊率.     

原发性肝脏血管肉瘤的影像学表现

原发性肝脏血管肉瘤是肝脏恶性间叶源性肿瘤中最常见的类型,临床症状及实验室检查缺乏特异性,术前常不能确诊.现对我院经病理证实的9例原发性肝脏血管肉瘤的影像学资料进行回顾性分析研究,旨在增加对该病的认识,提高对其影像诊断及鉴别诊断水平.     

肺泡微石症3例并文献复习

目的加强对肺泡微石症的认识,提高其诊断率。方法通过中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(CBM-Disk)检索1994年1月至2010年5月有关报道肺泡微石症的文献,剔除重复累计报道病例,结合本院收治的3例,回顾性分析中国人肺泡微石症的临床资料。结果共报道了120例肺泡微石症,男70例(58.3％),女50例(41.7％)。有临床症状者65例,主要表现为咳嗽51例(42.5％)、气促49例(40.8％)、咯痰26例(21.7％)、胸痛18例(15.0％)、胸闷17例(14.2％)、心悸4例(3.3％)、咯血3例(2.5％)。无症状者55例。肺功能检查22例,7例正常,12例呈限制性通气功能障碍,弥散功能下降。120例均行胸部X线检查,显示双肺粟粒影106例,其中92例中下肺粟粒影增加,病灶聚集融合41例,肺门正常104例,心膈模糊55例,线状钙化48例,肺尖气肿1例。结论我国肺泡微石症较为少见,临床症状无特异性,易漏诊、误诊。对可疑患者应及早行胸部高分辨率CT及纤维支气管镜肺活检以确诊。     

MSCT多期增强扫描诊断肝门区胆管癌15例

目的:评价MSCT多期动态增强扫描对肝门胆管癌的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析15例经病理确诊的肝门区胆管癌的临床资料及MSCT图像特征,所有病例均行平扫及四期动态增强扫描(即早动脉期、晚动脉期、门脉期及延迟期).结果:15例肝门胆管癌按CT表现形式分为肿块型、结节型及管壁浸润型,所有病灶均表现为等密度或略低密度.7例肿块型动脉期肿块边缘呈轻度不均匀强化,晚动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期病灶进一步强化:5例结节型多表现为肝门部<2 cm的结节,动脉期主要为边缘环状强化,门静脉期及延迟期持续明显强化,且向中心部充填:3例管壁浸润型表现为肝门部胆管壁局限性不规则增厚>2 mm,增厚的胆管壁四期扫描均呈明显环状强化,其中2例表现为延迟强化.     

Diagnostic criteria and follow-up in neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy: a case series

OBJECTIVE:

Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is a form of childhood interstitial lung disease characterized by tachypnea, retractions, crackles, and hypoxia. The aim of this study was to report and discuss the clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings in a series of NEHI cases at a tertiary pediatric hospital, with an emphasis on diagnostic criteria and clinical outcomes.

METHODS:

Between 2003 and 2011, 12 full-term infants were diagnosed with NEHI, based on clinical and tomographic findings. Those infants were followed for 1-91 months. Four infants were biopsied, and the histopathological specimens were stained with bombesin antibody.

RESULTS:

In this case series, symptoms appeared at birth in 6 infants and by 3 months of age in the remaining 6. In all of the cases, NEHI was associated with acute respiratory infection. The most common initial chest HRCT findings were ground-glass opacities that were in the middle lobe/lingula in 12 patients and in other medullary areas in 10. Air trapping was the second most common finding, being observed in 7 patients. Follow-up HRCT scans (performed in 10 patients) revealed normal results in 1 patient and improvement in 9. The biopsy findings were nonspecific, and the staining was positive for bombesin in all samples. Confirmation of NEHI was primarily based on clinical and tomographic findings. Symptoms improved during the follow-up period (mean, 41 months). A clinical cure was achieved in 4 patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this sample of patients, the diagnosis of NEHI was made on the basis of the clinical and tomographic findings, independent of the lung biopsy results. Most of the patients showed clinical improvement and persistent tomographic changes during the follow-up period, regardless of the initial severity of the disease or type of treatment.     

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the liver： A report of two cases and review of the literature

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor （PEComa） is a rare tumor which arises from mesenchymal tissues. It is predominant in the uterus, but very rare in the liver. To the best of our knowledge, less than 5 cases of PEComa of the liver have been reported. Herein we present two pathologically proven cases of PEComa of the liver, retrospectively analyze their clinical and imaging features, and review the literature.     

肝舌形虫病1例

患儿男,13岁。"反复腹痛伴腹胀2月",经当地医院给予抗生素治疗,腹痛不能缓解且加剧,行急诊手术探查,见腹腔内有积液及活的虫体,给予驱虫及建议抗结核治疗。因术后上述症状仍不能缓解,来我院住院治疗。体格检查:慢性病容,贫血貌,重度营养不良,体重24 kg。腹部膨隆,腹壁静脉显露,腹部有压痛,平脐测腹围69～61 cm,移动性浊音阳性。肝脏肿大,肋缘下8.0 cm,剑突下6.0 cm,质硬;脾脏肿大,肋下4.0 cm,质硬。血常规检查:白细胞     

Body iron metabolism and pathophysiology of iron overload

Iron is an essential metal for the body, while excess iron accumulation causes organ dysfunction through the production of reactive oxygen species. There is a sophisticated balance of body iron metabolism of storage and transport, which is regulated by several factors including the newly identified peptide hepcidin. As there is no passive excretory mechanism of iron, iron is easily accumulated when exogenous iron is loaded by hereditary factors, repeated transfusions, and other diseased conditions. The free irons, non-transferrin-bound iron, and labile plasma iron in the circulation, and the labile iron pool within the cells, are responsible for iron toxicity. The characteristic features of advanced iron overload are failure of vital organs such as liver and heart in addition to endocrine dysfunctions. For the estimation of body iron, there are direct and indirect methods available. Serum ferritin is the most convenient and widely available modality, even though its specificity is sometimes problematic. Recently, new physical detection methods using magnetic resonance imaging and superconducting quantum interference devices have become available to estimate iron concentration in liver and myocardium. The widely used application of iron chelators with high compliance will resolve the problems of organ dysfunction by excess iron and improve patient outcomes.     

高分辨率CT半定量分值判断特发性间质性肺炎患者应用糖皮质激素的近期疗效

目的 评价高分辨率CT(HRCT)半定量分值对于特发性间质性肺炎(IIP)患者糖皮质激素(简称激素)近期治疗反应和预后的意义.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2007年5月北京大学第三医院收治的83例IIP患者.HRCT选择气管分叉处、左心房顶、右膈肌顶3个层面作为研究对象.计算网格影和蜂窝病变在3个层面上所占百分比的算术均值(HRCT分值),分别以HRCT分值10%、20%、30%、40%和50%为临界点,判断激素治疗效果的敏感度、特异度和准确度.独立样本采用.t检验或秩和榆验,定性资料采用x2检验.结果 以HRCT分值20%为临界点的准确度最高(70.6%).将83例中使用激素治疗的51例分为HRCT分值≥20%组25例,<20%组26例,其住院期问病死率分别为40.0%和3.8%(X2=9.848,P<0.01),激素近期治疗有效率分别为8.0%和50.0%(x2=10.829,P<0.01),平均住院时间的中位数(四分位间距)分别为3.0(1.0～6.5)个月和1.2(0.7～2.0)个月(z=-2.758,P<0.01),病程的中位数(四分位间距)分别为24.0(4.0～48.0)个月和2.0(1.0～12.0)个月(z=-2.900,P<0.01).共15例明确病珲分型,其中HRCT分值≥20%组4例,均为普通型问质性肺炎(UIP);<20%组11例,分别为急件问质性肺炎1例,UIP 1例,非特异性问质性肺炎9例.结论 HRCT分值有助于判断IIP患者激素治疗的近期反应.HRCT分值20%足较为合适的临界值,并与病理诊断具有较好的一致性.     

Hepatic iron in hemochromatosis

Ninety-two families with familial hemochromatosis were reviewed and analyzed in regard to hepatic iron and the value of the hepatic iron index (hepatic iron/age). Hepatic iron was measured in 29 hemochromatosis homozygotes, in 10 hemochromatosis heterozygotes, and in 30 control patients with other liver diseases. Hepatic iron content increased with age in homozygotes. Hepatic iron index differentiated homozygotes from heterozygotes (P<0.05) and heterozygotes from controls (P<0.05). The hepatic iron index is a useful measurement in the diagnosis and management of patients with familial hemochromatosis.The author acknowledges grant support from the Ministry of Health of Ontario and the Medical Research Council of Canada.     

肝血色病1例报道并文献复习

肝血色病又称肝血色素沉着症或肝铁过度沉积症,是一种罕见的因铁代谢紊乱,肠道铁被过度吸收导致体内铁过量的疾病。现将我院收治的1例肝血色病及相关文献复习报道如下。     

肝淀粉样变1例

患者,男,58岁,因发现上腹部包块、尿色深黄、体质量下降半年入院.入院后检查发现患者肝脏肿大、肝功能轻度异常,伴有蛋白尿及碱性磷酸酶增高,经肝穿刺活检确诊为肝淀粉样变.肝淀粉样变临床少见,诊断困难,预后较差.