经皮肺活检对肺部病变的临床诊断意义

目的 评价经皮肺活检术对原发性肺癌、肺转移性癌以及非恶性肺疾病的诊断价值.方法 回顾性总结近10年来436例经皮肺活检患者的临床资料,其中明确为原发性肺癌患者341例、肺转移性癌62例、非恶性肺疾病33例.统汁分析经皮肺活检术对上述疾病的诊断准确率及灵敏度.结'果原发性肺癌组经皮肺活检阳性321例,诊断准确率为94.7%、灵敏度94.1%;肺转移性癌组阳性32例,诊断准确率58.2%、灵敏度51.6%;非恶性肺疾病组阳性19例,诊断准确率以及灵敏度均为57.6%.436例患者中427例经皮肺活检获得足够病变组织标本,9例活检失败,活检成功率97.9%.全部患者共穿刺474例次,其中74例次出现并发症,发生率15.6%.主要并发症有气胸(63例次,13.3%)和肺内出血(56例次,11.8%).结论 临床上怀疑原发性肺癌的肺部病变,经皮肺活检术诊断准确率高,并发症少且轻微.对于考虑为肺转移性癌以及非恶性肺疾病,该技术尚有待进一步改进.     

CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy

CT-guided biopsy of pulmonary and mediastinal lesions is safe and effective. It is most valuable in those cases in which fluoroscopic guidance is not possible due to resolution or anatomic consideration. CT guidance permits puncture of lesions as small as 0.5 cm, typically not seen fluoroscopically. Sensitivity of biopsy in malignant lung lesions in our series of 83 cases was 92%. Pneumothorax is the most frequent complication (10–60%) and requires chest tube insertion in 5–15% of patients.     

CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of pulmonary lesions: comparison between the cutting needle and aspiration needle

Objectives:To compare CT-guided transthoracic cutting needle biopsy (TCNB) with transthoracic aspiration needle biopsy (TANB) for pulmonary lesions with respect to the diagnostic accuracy and complication rate.Methods:Of the 859 cases that underwent consecutive CT-guided biopsy of pulmonary lesions, 713 cases confirmed by surgical pathology or clinical follow-up were enrolled. Of these, the first consecutive 275 cases underwent TANB, and the remaining 438 received TCNB. The final diagnosis determined the accuracy of biopsy. Based on the post-biopsy CT and clinical medical records, the presence or absence of biopsy-related complications was determined. The χ² test was used to compare the differences between TCNB and TANB in terms of diagnostic accuracy and complication rate.Results:Among the 713 biopsy lesions, the final diagnosis was malignant in 411 cases and benign in 302 cases. As compared to TANB, the diagnostic accuracy of TCNB (98.9% vs 93.8%, χ² = 14.35, p < 0.01), sensitivity to malignant lesions (97.8% vs 90.6%, χ² = 10.58, p < 0.01), negative predictive value (97.6% vs 84.8%, χ² = 19.03, p < 0.01), and specific diagnostic rate for benign lesions (73.4% vs 57.9%, χ² = 7.29, p < 0.01) were improved. On the other hand, a statistical difference was detected between TCNB and TANB with respect to the incidence of pneumothorax (20.6% vs 13.1%, χ² = 6.46, p = 0.01), hemorrhage (32.2% vs 13.1%, χ² = 33.03, p < 0.01), and hemoptysis (8.2% vs 3.3%, χ² = 6.87, p < 0.01). One patient died just several minutes after TCNB due to severe hemorrhage with hemoptysis.Conclusions:Compared to TANB, CT-guided TCNB improves the diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary lesions, but complication rate increases significantly.Advances in knowledge:In general, TCNB should be recommended, especially for highly suspicious benign lesions. For patients with small lesions adjacent to vessels or vessels within the lesion, TANB should be considered.     

Diagnostic performance of percutaneous core needle lung biopsy under multi-CT fluoroscopic guidance for ground-glass opacity pulmonary lesions

Objective

The diagnostic performance of percutaneous core needle lung biopsy under multi-CT fluoroscopic guidance for ground-glass opacity (GGO) pulmonary lesions was evaluated.

Materials and methods

Out of 90 patients who underwent CT fluoroscopy-guided core needle biopsy of GGO lesions at our institution, the biopsy results and the final diagnoses were retrospectively compared in 67 patients with available data (one lesion per patient). Diagnostic performance was also compared according to the lesion size (≤10 mm (n = 8) versus 11-20 mm (n = 42) versus >20 mm (n = 17)), the percentage of GGO component (50-90% (n = 31) versus >90% (n = 36)), and the length of needle path (≤7 cm (n = 45) versus >7 cm (n = 22)). Finally, all 90 cases were reviewed for complications.

Results

The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 97%, 100%, and 97%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy tended to be lower in smaller lesions (≤10 mm; 86 and 88%, 11-20 mm; 97 and 98%, >20 mm; 100 and 100%, respectively, p > 0.05), and in lesions with lower percentage of GGO component (50-90%; 93 and 94%, >90%; 100 and 100%, respectively, p = 0.21), but statistical significances were not reached. The sensitivity and accuracy were not significantly affected by the length of needle path (≤7 cm; 98 and 98%, >7 cm; 95 and 96%, respectively, p = 1.00). Fourteen patients (16%) developed pneumothoraces, and 13 patients (14%) experienced mild hemoptysis, all of which resolved conservatively.

Conclusion

The diagnostic performance was satisfactory, and it was considered that the procedure was appropriate for GGO lesions regardless of lesion size, the percentage of GGO component, or the length of needle path. The procedure was also feasible without any major complications.     

直径3cm以下肺孤立性病灶的CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检

目的:评价直径3cm以下肺孤立性病灶的CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的价值。方法:68例直径3cm以下肺孤立性病灶在CT引导下,采用抽吸式活检针,选择最佳穿刺层面及穿刺点获取标本。结果:本组病例共行84次穿刺活检,获得细胞学涂片检查者68例,获得组织学检查59例。总的诊断准确度为89.7%,其中细胞学和组织学标本诊断准确度分别为662%(45/68)和81.4%(48/59)。阳性预告值和阴性预告值分别为100%(51/51)和58.8%(10/17)。并发症:气胸16例(23.5%),出血5例(7.4%),咯血4例(5.9%)。结论:CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检是一种创伤小而实用的定性诊断方法,对直径3cm以下肺孤立性病灶的诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

CT-guided transthoracic cutting needle biopsy of intrathoracic lesions: comparison between coaxial and single needle technique

Purpose

To evaluate the complication rates and diagnostic accuracy of two different CT-guided transthoracic cutting needle biopsy techniques: coaxial method and single needle method.

Methods

This study involved 198 consecutive subjects with 198 intrathoracic lesions. The first 98 consecutive subjects received a single needle cutting technique and the next 100 consecutive subjects received a coaxial technique. Both groups were compared in relation the diagnostic accuracy and complication rates.

Results

No significant difference was found between the two groups concerning patient characteristics, lesions and procedure variables. There was a borderline statistical difference in the incidence of pneumothorax at within 24-h post biopsy between patients in the single needle group (5%) and the coaxial group (13%) (P = 0.053). Little difference was found in the pneumothorax rate at immediately post biopsy between the two groups, which was 28% in the single needle group and 31% in the coaxial group. There was no significant difference in the hemoptysis rate between the two groups, which was 9.2% in the single needle group and 11% in the coaxial group. Both techniques yielded an overall diagnostic accuracy of 98% for malignant lesions with similar sensitivity (single needle: 96.9% vs. coaxial: 96.4%) and specificity (single needle: 100% vs. coaxial: 100%).

Conclusion

There is little difference in the pneumothorax rates and bleeding complications between patients who either received a single needle or a coaxial transthoracic cutting biopsy. Both techniques produce an overall diagnostic accuracy of 98% for malignant lesions.     

Accuracy of CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of lung lesions: Factors affecting diagnostic yield

PURPOSE: This study was performed to analyse the variables affecting the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of pulmonary lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 612 consecutive procedures with confirmed final diagnoses was undertaken. Benign and malignant needle biopsy results were compared with final outcomes to determine diagnostic accuracy. A statistical analysis of factors related to patient characteristics, lung lesions and biopsy technique was performed to determine possible influences on diagnostic yield. A p value less than 0.05 was interpreted as statistically significant. RESULTS: There were 508 (83%) malignant and 104 (17%) benign lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for a diagnosis of malignancy were 90.2%, 99.0%, 99.8%, 67.3% and 91.7%, respectively. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 83.3%. Variables affecting diagnostic accuracy were the final diagnosis (benign 67%, malignant 92%; p<0.001) and lesion size (lesions<1.5 cm 68%, lesions 1.5-5.0 cm 87%, lesions>5 cm 78%; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy, the final diagnosis and lesion size affect diagnostic accuracy: benign lung lesions and lesions smaller than 1.5 cm or larger than 5.0 cm in diameter provide lower diagnostic yield.     

CT fluoroscopy-guided cutting needle biopsy of focal pure ground-glass opacity lung lesions: diagnostic yield in 83 lesions

Objective

The objective of our study was to retrospectively determine the diagnostic yield of CT fluoroscopy-guided cutting needle biopsy of focal pure ground-glass opacity lung lesions.

Materials and methods

Biopsies were performed using 20-G coaxial cutting needles for 83 focal pure ground-glass opacity lung lesions (mean lesion size, 12.1 mm). After excluding the lesions for which biopsy specimens were unobtainable and final diagnoses were undetermined, the diagnostic yield, including sensitivity and specificity for a diagnosis of malignancy and accuracy, was calculated. The lesions were then divided into 2 groups: the diagnostic failure group, comprising lesions with false-negative results and for which a biopsy specimen was unobtainable; and the diagnostic success group, comprising lesions with true-negative results and true-positive results. Various variables were compared between the 2 groups by univariate analysis.

Results

Biopsy specimens were obtained from 82 lesions, while specimens could not be obtained from 1 lesion. Final diagnosis was undetermined in 16 lesions. The sensitivity and specificity for a diagnosis of malignancy were 95% (58/61) and 100% (5/5), respectively. Diagnostic accuracy was 95% (63/66). The 4 lesions in diagnostic failure group were smaller, deeper, and more likely to be located in the lower lobe and further, for those lesions, number of specimens obtained was smaller, compared with 63 lesions in diagnostic success group. However, none of the differences were statistically significant.

Conclusion

CT fluoroscopy-guided cutting needle biopsy provided high diagnostic yield for focal pure ground-glass opacity lung lesions.     

CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy using an ipsilateral dependent position

OBJECTIVE: We postulated that the pneumothorax rate of transthoracic needle biopsy might improve with an ipsilateral dependent position of the affected side. We tried to determine the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of CT-guided biopsy with the patient in this position. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: CT-guided needle biopsy with the patient in an ipsilateral dependent position was performed in 23 patients with 17 lung lesions (15 posterior and two anterior) and six mediastinal lesions. Fine-needle aspiration was used in all patients, and core biopsy was also used in six patients. The technical difficulty of the procedure was classified into three grades compared with a routine transthoracic needle biopsy as follows: grade I, no more difficult; grade II, somewhat more difficult; and grade III, much more difficult. RESULTS: Adequate samples were obtained in 22 (96%) of 23 patients. A small asymptomatic pneumothorax occurred in two patients (8.7%). Difficulty was rated grades I, II, and III in 18 (78%), two (9%), and three (13%) procedures, respectively. Four of the five grades II and III procedures were biopsies of anterior lesions. Traversing the pleura was avoided in three of six mediastinal masses. CONCLUSION: Transthoracic needle biopsy of selected lung and mediastinal lesions using an ipsilateral dependent position is feasible, effective, and safe. The role of this technique for reducing the rate of pneumothorax as a result of the biopsy requires further investigation.     

Diagnostic efficacy of CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy and fine needle aspiration in cases of pulmonary infectious disease

Purpose

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of computed-tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB) and fine needle aspiration (FNA) in diagnosing pulmonary infectious diseases.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients treated at our institution between October 2006 and September 2009 and identified 161 patients who had undergone CT-guided TNB or FNA. We conducted CT-guided TNB or FNA for the patients if bronchoscopy failed to provide proper diagnosis or if their thoracic lesions were not appropriate targets for bronchoscopy.

Results

Twenty-three patients were diagnosed with pulmonary infectious diseases, of whom 17 were diagnosed by CT-guided TNB or FNA; sensitivity was therefore 73.9?% (17/23). The diagnostic rate for Aspergillus infection was especially high (75?%).

Conclusion

CT-guided TNB and FNA proved to be effective as alternative methods if bronchoscopy failed to diagnose pulmonary infectious diseases, with acceptable complication rates.     

Focal pulmonary lesions in patients with AIDS: percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy

The authors performed percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) in 13 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and previously undiagnosed focal pulmonary lesions. Findings with PTNB were diagnostic in 11 of 13 cases. Complications included minimal hemoptysis in one case and small pneumothoraxes in two cases, one of which required chest tube drainage. The authors did not experience the high complication rate reported previously by some authors who used this diagnostic procedure in AIDS patients. In cases in which findings at fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy and lavage failed to provide a diagnosis, PTNB provided a reliable, relatively safe diagnostic tool to establish the cause of pulmonary masses or focal infiltrates in AIDS patients.     

CT导向胸部穿刺活检应用切割针和活检枪的经验

CT以其断面成像,解剖结构显示清晰,无组织重叠等优势被作为胸部穿刺活检首选导引方法而广泛应用。三棱切割针和半自动活检枪是胸部穿刺活检中常用的两种器械,两者同属切割针范畴,     

Asymptomatic systemic air embolism after CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy

PurposeWe presented details and incidence of systemic arterial embolism (SAE) following a CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) and evaluated risk factors for SAEs.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 1014 PTNBs performed in our hospital from 2005 to 2017. SAE was identified in the pulmonary vein, left heart, coronary artery, and aorta by reviewing post-biopsy CT images. Limited post-biopsy CT scans only covering the region biopsied were available until the first case of SAE was identified (n = 503). Then, the entire thorax was scanned for further examination of SAE (n = 511). Eighteen-gauge automatic cutting needles were used in all procedures. When SAE was evident on post-biopsy CT, subsequent brain CT was performed in order to confirm the cerebral SAE.ResultsNine patients (0.89%) developed SAEs. In the univariate analyses, the location of the needle tip relative to the lesion (outside or inside of the lesion) as well as accompanying pulmonary hemorrhage were significant risk factors for SAEs (P = 0.021 and 0.036, respectively). Two patients developed neurological symptoms with cerebral SAEs, and one of these had sequelae. In seven asymptomatic SAEs with no cerebral SAE, four patients were retrospectively-diagnosed cases and three patients were detected on post-biopsy CT images. All seven of these patients had no sequelae.ConclusionThe incidence of SAE was higher than expected, due to radiologically detected asymptomatic SAEs. The location of the needle tip relative to the lesion and accompanying pulmonary hemorrhage were significant risk factors for the occurrence of SAEs. We proposed a guideline for treating asymptomatic SAEs.     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对周围型肺部病变的诊断价值

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对周围型肺部病变的诊断价值及其安全性。方法对58例周围型肺部病变的患者,在CT引导下行经皮肺穿刺活检。结果 58例患者中穿刺标本经组织病理学检查确诊病例48例,确诊率为82.8%,其中恶性肿瘤32例,良性病变16例。术后出现有症状并发症7例,其中咯血2例,气胸4例,高热伴脓胸1例,总发生率为12.1%。结论 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检定位准确,成功率高,安全可靠,在周围型肺部病变诊断中具有较高的应用价值。     

Systemic air embolism after CT-guided transthoracic biopsy using a cutting needle

The authors report a case of systemic air embolism after CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy using an 18G cutting needle. CT performed immediately after the occurrence of neurological signs showed air within the left ventricle but no air within the cerebral arteries. Radiologists must be aware of this extremely rare but potentially severe complication to provide accurate diagnosis and treatment.     

CT导向下肺中央型病变穿刺活检

目的：探讨CT导向下穿刺活检对肺中央型病变的可行性和安全性.方法：回顾性分析CT导向下穿刺活检的108例肺中央型病变患者的病例资抖,其中57例术前已行支气管镜检查但未取得明确结果.分析108例行穿刺活检的患者的活检阳性率和并发症发生率,并与随机抽取的同期108例肺周围型病变患者的结果进行甘比分析.结果：中央型病变组的活检阳性率（96.3%）与周围型组（98.2%）比较差异无显著性意义;总的并发症发生率中央型组（56.5%）明显高于周围型组（26.9%）,两组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）,但较严重并发症的发生率两组差异无显著性意义.57例支气管镜检查诊断不明确病例的活检阳性率为96.49%,并发症发生率63.16%.结论：对于肺中央型病变,只要严格掌握适应证,CT导向下穿刺活检是可行、安全和有效的,尤其适用于支气管镜检查无法明确诊断的病例.