抗感染重组合异种骨植入治疗四肢骨折内固定术后骨不连

目的探讨抗感染重组合异种骨(ARBX)植骨治疗四肢骨折内固定术后骨不连的临床疗效。方法取除原内固定、重新内固定或外固定,并应用抗感染重组合异种骨植入治疗四肢骨折内固定术后骨不连20例,全部为无菌性骨不连。断端应用ARBX植骨20例,混合自体髂骨移植9例。结果20例随访1年2个月～4年2个月,平均2年8个月。20例应用ARBX植骨治疗的骨不连中,18例完全愈合,1例延迟愈合,1例未愈合。无1例骨感染发生。结论重新内固定或外固定,避免了原手术方式存在的引起骨不连的内在因素;ARBX植骨治疗骨不连安全,对促进骨愈合疗效可靠。     

多形状植骨方式加钢板内固定治疗长管状骨骨不连

目的探讨多种形状植骨方式加钢板内固定治疗长管状骨骨不连的效果。方法2002年8月至2004年8月,28例长管状骨骨不连采用了块状、条状、粒状自体髂骨联合植骨加用有限接触钢板或重建钢板内固定术治疗。结果28例均获骨性愈合和良好功能,无内固定松动、弯曲、断裂。结论多种形式自体髂骨联合植骨有良好骨诱导作用,有限接触或重建钢板可提供坚强内固定,从而有利于骨折愈合和功能恢复。     

内外固定加植骨治疗肱骨骨不连(附23例报告)

目的 :采用外固定支架加自体骨大块髂骨植骨内固定治疗多次手术失败的肱骨骨折骨不连。方法 :采用单边外固定支架固定折端加自体大块髂骨植骨并用克氏针或螺丝钉固定髂骨块及骨折端。结果 :所有病例 3～ 6个月愈合 ,治愈率 95 %。结论 :外固定支架加自体髂骨夹板式植骨加内固定治疗肱骨骨不连 ,操作简单 ,缩短骨不连治疗时间 ,治愈率高 ,是一种理想的植骨方式。     

肱骨骨不连的原因分析及治疗

目的探讨肱骨骨不连的原因和不同固定、植骨方法治疗肱骨骨不连的临床疗效。方法对51例肱骨骨不连进行回顾性分析。固定方式：钢板内固定30例，交锁髓内钉内固定12例，单臂或组合式外固定架8例，异体骨板加螺钉内固定1例。植骨来源：自体髂骨植骨16例，重组合异种骨植骨(RBX)12例，自体髂骨联合RBX植骨17例，异体骨植骨2例，异体骨联合RBX植骨2例。结果51例患者中，2例失访。49例随访8个月～9年，平均4年7个月。总愈合率89．8％，钢板治疗组愈合率83．3％，外固定架治疗组愈合率100％，交锁髓内针治疗组愈合率100％。12例单独应用RBX植骨治疗肱骨骨不连全部愈合；自体髂骨联合RBX植骨15例愈合，愈合率88．2％；自体髂骨植骨14例愈合，愈合率87．5％。结论髓内针内固定或外固定架固定治疗肱骨骨不连较钢板优越，创伤小，固定确实，功能恢复满意；RBX植骨治疗骨不连，安全、无免疫排斥反应、生物相容性好，对促进骨愈合疗效可靠。     

取髂骨开槽嵌入+多桥植骨治疗骨折术后骨不连

[目的]观察取髂骨开槽嵌入+多桥植骨治疗骨折术后骨不连的临床疗效。[方法]本组22例诊断为胫骨、桡骨、尺骨、锁骨、股骨术后骨不连,采用取髂骨开槽嵌入+多桥植骨,并应用LCP内固定的手术方法治疗。[结果]本组患者平均随访(12.04±4.07)个月,经X线片示骨折端均愈合,无感染及钢板、螺钉松动及断裂,功能恢复良好。[结论]取髂骨开槽嵌入+多桥植骨治疗骨折术后骨不连临床效果可靠。     

外固定支架并髂骨植骨治疗骨不连48例

目的：研究外固定支架同髂骨植骨的组合治疗骨不连方法，分析该术式的特点并讲明观点。方法：48例均应用单侧多功能外固定支架并髂骨植骨术治疗。结果：经术后12～96个月随访，48例骨不连中40例一次治愈。结论：外固定支架并髂骨植骨治疗骨不连效果良好。     

单臂外固定支架联合植骨治疗胫骨骨折骨不连

[目的]探讨单臂外固定支架联合植骨治疗胫骨骨折骨不连的优越性、安全性及疗效。[方法]自1996年以来应用单臂外固定支架治疗胫骨骨折骨不连43例，通过断端创新，自体髂骨植骨和轴向加压促进骨折愈合，早期活动以恢复关节功能。[结果]经术后6～15个月、平均10．3个月的随访，43例均获临床愈合，愈合时间为4—12个月，平均6．8个月，功能评价优35例，良7例，差1例。[结论]单臂外固定支架联合植骨治疗胫骨骨折骨不连，自体髂骨植骨和轴向加压促进骨折愈合，早期无痛关节活动有利于关节功能恢复，是一种即简便又切实可行的治疗方法。     

36例长骨骨不连骨缺损的综合治疗

目的：探讨四肢长管状骨骨不连、骨缺损的治疗方法。方法：36例骨不连、骨缺损病人采用交锁髓内钉内固定，取自体髂骨植骨及术后经皮注射金葡液等综合治疗。结果：36例术后X线片显示，1个月骨折端周围出现骨痂，3个月有连续骨痂形成，6个月骨折愈合。无内固定物断裂、弯曲和松动，关节活动基本正常。结论：交锁髓内钉内固定、自体髂骨植骨及术后经皮注射金葡液综合治疗骨不连骨缺损，能提供坚强内固定，促进成骨活动，加快骨折愈合，是治疗长骨骨不连骨缺损的较好方法。     

锁定加压钢板内固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后无菌性骨不连

目的探讨锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后无菌性骨不连的疗效。方法应用LCP内固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗45例肱骨干骨折术后无菌性骨不连。结果本组获随访7～38个月,骨不连均获治愈。肩关节功能优良率91.1%,肘关节功能优良率100%。结论 LCP内固定结合自体髂骨植骨可以显著提高骨愈合率,是治疗肱骨干骨折术后无菌性骨不连的有效方法之一。     

植骨在预防四肢骨折术后骨不连的价值

目的探讨植骨在预防四肢骨折固定术后骨不连的价值。方法对自2005年1月~2011年6月行四肢长骨骨折固定术的2 560例进行回顾性研究,分析骨不连的发生率、忽略植骨因素占骨不连8项因素的比例;对同期术中应植骨而未植骨者98例和应植骨而植骨者(对照组)527例进行分析,比较两组骨不连的发生率。结果总体上,骨不连的发生率为5.2%。有忽略植骨因素患者占骨不连患者的25.0%,忽略植骨因素占骨不连因素的27.8%。在应植骨而未植骨者组骨不连的发生率为30.6%,在对照组骨不连的发生率为3.4%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论植骨具有消除骨折端间隙、骨诱导、骨传导的作用,以及促进骨断端的再血管化。在骨折端有较明显间隙和骨折愈合缓慢等情况的四肢骨折固定术中,应同时植骨以促进骨折愈合、明显减少骨不连的发生。     

Repair of Bone Defects by Bone Inductive Material

Experimental fibular defects in 16 rats were filled with an acid decalcified homogenous bone matrix (bone inductive material). Autogenous bone grafts in corresponding defects in the other legs of the same rats served as controls. After 3 months, 11 of the 16 defects filled with bone inductive material healed with bony union, but only 4 of the 16 defects treated with autogenous bone grafts had healed. The results suggest that bone inductive material can repair bone defects which are too large to be healed by autogenous bone grafts.     

The Penetration of Lincomycin into Normal Human Bone: Determinations of Penetration into Compact Bone, Spongy Bone and Bone Marrow

The penetration of lincomycin into normal bone was studied in 10 patients with fracture of the neck of the femur, a separate determination being made of the lincomycin concentration in serum, bone marrow, spongy bone and compact bone. The concentration of lincomycin in bone marrow was found to be at the same level as that in the serum. The concentration in spongy bone amounted in most cases to 50 to 75 per cent of the concentration in the serum, whereas the concentration in compact bone varied from 0 to 15 per cent of that in the serum.     

Osteogenesis after Bone and Bone Marrow Transplantation: II. The Initial Cellular Events Following Transplantation of Decalcified Allografis of Cancellous Bone

An experimental study was done in rabbits to investigate the fate of allogeneic iliac cancellous bone, both non-decalcified and decalcified with hydrochloric acid, transplanted to a muscular site for up to 14 days. Some of the treated allografts were impregnated with autologous bone marrow cells, obtained from the femoral medulla by aspiration, and each was compared with allografts alone. Combined myelo-osseous grafts produced bone after 7 to 8 days implantation, as did marrow autografts alone. In addition non-decalcified implants stimulated the production of multinucleated giant cells. Three different types of wash solution were used but these did not influence the cell population seen, nor the new bone formation. It is concluded that the critical events in bone formation after transplantation occur less than 8 days after the transplantation and that marrow cells have osteogenic capacity. This has relevance to the clinical aspects of bone grafting.     

异种脱蛋白皮质骨管复合组织工程骨修复大段骨缺损的实验研究

目的评估异种脱蛋白皮质骨管复合组织工程骨修复大段骨缺损的力学作用及成骨效果。方法 36只成年猪,随机分成3组,实验组植入异种脱蛋白皮质骨管复合骨基质明胶、骨形态发生蛋白及骨膜细胞,对照组植入异种脱蛋白骨皮质骨管复合自体髂骨微粒,空白对照组植入单纯异种脱蛋白骨管,三组均采用锁定钢板及异种皮质骨板固定。通过X线检查、病理组织学、生物力学及灰量测定检查观察骨缺损修复情况。结果术后24周,实验组及对照组骨缺损处新生骨生长良好,骨小梁排列整齐,空白对照组骨缺损新生骨较少,且与断端部分相连。植入后24周实验组与对照组的生物力学及骨矿含量相比无统计学差异,且均明显高于空白对照组。结论异种脱蛋白皮质骨管复合骨基质明胶、骨形态发生蛋白及骨膜细胞修复大段骨缺损具有良好的应力支撑作用,其成骨效果与自体松质骨相当。     

骨形态发生蛋白复合同种松质骨载体修复节段性骨缺损的实验研究

目的　本实验将探讨同种松质骨作为 BMP的载体修复节段性骨缺损。方法　将 rh BMP- 2复合同种松质骨载体 (其中含 rh BMP- 2 0 .4 mg)植入兔桡骨 15 m m人工缺损处 ,以新鲜自体松质骨植入 ,单纯同种松质骨植入作为对照 ,通过放射学骨缺损修复 L ane评分 ,Nilsson骨愈合组织学评分 ,扫描电镜观察 ,比较术后 4、8、12周各组修复骨缺损的效果。结果　 rh BMP- 2复合同种骨载体组术后 4、8、12周各项评分与同期自体骨组之间无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,明显优于单纯同种骨组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 rh BMP- 2具有高效的骨诱导能力。同种骨是一种较理想的 BMP载体 ,rh BMP- 2复合同种松质骨载体的骨修复效果与自体骨基本一致     

组织工程骨修复骨缺损的研究进展

复习相关文献,综合性报道种子细胞、生物材料及组织工程骨替代被修复重建组织的研究,指出目前存在的问题和今后研究的方向。     

The Bone Inductive Capacity of Decalcified Bone Matrix Modified by Diphenylhydantoin

Decalcified bone matrix was prepared from cortical bones of rats premedicated with I) Diphenylhydantoin (DPH), II) DPH + Vitamin D₃, III) Vitamin D₃ or IV) no premedication for 10 days.

In the donor animals, DPH lowered the serum calcium level, caused a weight loss of 10 per cent, and stopped the growth of the long bones. Vitamin D₃ supplementation normalized the serum calcium concentration but had no effect on the other parameters. Vitamin D₃ alone caused hypertrophy of the growth cartilage, while the bone growth and structure was normal.

The bone inductive capacity of decalcified bone matrix was highest in the DPH group, and the DPH + D₃ group also showed significantly higher values than the D₃, and control groups.

The results of the present study show that the bone inductive capacity of the decalcified bone matrix is independent of Vitamin D₃ metabolism.     

Solitary Bone Cyst

A classic solitary bone cyst is discussed. Radiology and histology is reviewed.     

Cem-OsteticTM人工骨浆修复掌骨缺损

目的C em-O steticTM人工骨浆为多种无机钙盐与纯净水混合物,观察C em-O steticTM人工骨浆修复掌骨缺损的临床疗效及不良反应。方法2004年1月至2004年4月对6例6处掌骨缺损进行修复,年龄20~32岁,平均26岁。骨缺损范围为0.2 cm×1 cm~0.5 cm×1 cm,均为陈旧性。缺损的部位为掌骨干中1/3,修整骨断端,断端露出正常骨质,骨缺损部位植入C em-O steticTM人工骨浆。结果手术均获成功,术后随访5~8个月,平均6个月。全部患者未见任何不良全身反应及局部反应,X线片显示固化后的C em-O steticTM人工骨浆与受区骨直接愈合,手术后测定血钙、磷值与术前对比无明显升高。结论C em-O steticTM人工骨浆适用于掌骨缺损修复。     

Penetration of Acrylic Bone Cements into Cancellous Bone

The depth of penetration of five commercial acrylic bone cements into cancellous bone was measured in vitro. Under standard, idealized conditions, cement penetration was found to vary significantly with different cements. Penetration was critically influenced by the coarseness of the cancellous bone and increased directly with the effective volume of the “cells” within the osseous matrix. An inverse correlation was determined between the mean cement viscosity during flow into the bone and final penetration depth. The dough time, set time and working time of each acrylic formulation was found to have no significant effect upon the depth of cement penetration.

It is suggested that in addition to the techniques adopted for introduction of cement to the bone, the selection of the bone cement itself may critically influence the incidence of late loosening following total joint replacement.