猪单纯门静脉血流阻断对肠粘膜通透性影响的研究

目的：研究猪单纯门静脉血流阻断对肠粘膜通透性的影响。方法：将健康荣昌种猪随机分为假手术组（SO）、单纯门静脉阻断45min（PVC-45’）、60min(PVC-60')组,进行门静脉血流阻断后,测定每组的尿中乳果糖（L）、甘露醇（M）排出率比值（L/M）。结果：PVC-45’、60’组L/M均明显高于SO组（P＜0.05）;而PVC-60’略高于PVC-45’组（P＞0.05）。结论：门静脉阻断后引起肠粘膜通透性的升高是肠屏障功能受损的早期表现和重要指标。     

门静脉转流对肝硬化大鼠耐受入肝血流阻断时限的影响

目的：探讨门静脉转流对肝硬化大鼠耐受人肝血流阻断时限的影响。方法：观测门静脉转流与非门静脉转流条件下阻断入肝血流不同时程后动物存活率及肝脏能量代谢的变化，包括肝细胞线粒体呼吸控制率（RCR）、肝组织三磷酸腺苷（ATP）含量、动脉血酮体比值（AKBR）。结果：①术后两周存活率：肝硬化大鼠门静脉转流下入肝血流阻断（PBB）-30min组和PBB-45min组为100%，单纯入肝血流阻断（PTC）-30min组、PBB-60min组分别为65%和75％。②肝脏能量代谢：缺血后肝组织ATP、RCR及AKBR均明显下降。再灌注后上述指标逐渐恢复，但随缺血时间延长，升高幅度明显降低，甚至难以恢复。结论：门静脉转流能显著提高肝硬化大鼠常温下耐受入肝血流阻断的时限。     

肠腔分流条件下猪单纯门静脉阻断的安全时限

目的 利用人工血管行肠系膜上静脉与肝下下腔静脉搭桥建立暂时性肠腔分流动物模型,初步摸索肠腔分流条件下猪单纯门静脉阻断的安全时限.方法 将14头正常巴马小型猪分为A组(门静脉阻断120 min)、B组(门静脉阻断150 min),(n=7).两组动物在全麻插管呼吸机辅助呼吸的条件下用人造血管在肠系膜上静脉、肝下下腔静脉间架桥,建立临时性肠腔分流模型,按分组阻断门静脉.对照观察两组动物在阻断前、复流前、复流后2 h及术后1、3、5 d的ALT、AST、TBIL及肝组织病理变化情况.结果 ①整个阻断门静脉的过程中,各组动物肠管未见明显淤血,颜色基本正常,证实采用人工血管在肠系膜上静脉与肝下下腔静脉间架桥行暂时性门腔分流有效.②A组动物长期存活率为100%,B组长期存活率为57.1%,两组动物存活率有显著差异(P<0.05).③在复流前、复流2 h、术后1 d各相同时相点,B组动物的ALT、AST、TBIL组较A组明显升高(P<0.05).④A组门静脉阻断120 min,汇管区炎细胞浸润;复流2 h后,病变进一步加重,肝细胞出现变性,灶性坏死,肝窦充血,汇管区及肝窦内明显炎细胞浸润.B组门静脉阻断150 min 肝见汇管区大量出血,白细胞聚集,细胞广泛空泡样变,肝组织灶性坏死;复流2 h后,进一步加重,肝细胞广泛气球样变、脂肪变性,内皮细胞肿胀、水肿明显,肝窦广泛充血,汇管区及肝窦大量炎性细胞浸润,B组较A组损伤更为显著,两组有显著性差异.电镜下B组较A组线粒体水肿,内质网扩张扩张更为明显,且出现细胞核高度浓缩,纤维沉积等不可逆损伤.结论 在肠腔分流条件下,避免肠道淤血,正常巴马小型猪耐受单纯门静脉阻断安全时限为120 min.     

长时间门静脉阻断对肝脏肠道结构影响及门体侧枝分流观察

目的观察常温下长时间门静脉阻断再通后对肝脏、肠道的影响及与阻断时间的关系，明确有无门体侧枝开放及与门静脉阻断耐受性的关系。方法40只家兔随机均分成4组：A组（假手术组）、B组（单纯门静脉阻断30min）、C组（单纯门静脉组断60min）和D组（单纯门静脉阻断90min）。分别于阻断前、复流前行门静脉测压，比较各组间门静脉压力差值。于复流前行直接门静脉造影观察门体侧枝循环分流情况，6h后取肝脏，空、回肠组织观察组织形态学变化，取下腔静脉血测肝肾功能。结果B、C、D组肝脏、肠黏膜结构及肝功能与A组相比均有不同程度损伤，肾功能各组间无差异，门静脉阻断后胃肠道淤血可不同程度通过门体侧枝回流，门静脉压在60min内逐渐升高，60min后有下降趋势。结论常温下门静脉阻断再通后可导致肝脏、肠道功能结构损伤，且随时间延长而加重，门脉淤血可以不同程度通过门体侧枝回流，从而减轻肠道损伤。     

肠腔分流下巴马小型猪肝脏耐受入肝血流阻断的安全时限研究

目的 了解在肠腔分流条件下正常巴马小型猪肝脏耐受缺血的安全时限,为临床上阻断肝脏血流的时间及设计合理手术方案提供实验依据.方法 将18只正常小型猪随机分为A组(肝血流阻断90 min)、B组(肝血流阻断100 min),在肠腔分流的条件下,观察2组动物的术后存活情况、入肝血流阻断前后,再灌注0、1 h、1～5 d时肝功能及组织病理改变.结果 ①A组动物长期存活率显著高于B组(100%与44.4%, P＜0.05).②2组动物ALT在术后2、3 d显著升高,术后4 d时与术前无显著差异,术后2、3 d时B组显著高于A组;复流1 h时2组AST水平达峰值,此后逐渐下降,术后3 d与术前无显著性差异,复流1 h、术后1、2 d时B组AST显著高于A组;A组动物缺血时D-BIL、T-BIL显著升高,复流1 h后降至正常水平,B组动物至术后5 d才恢复正常水平,于复流前、复流1 h、术后1、2、3、4 d时B组动物D-BIL、T-BIL均显著高于A组.③2组动物缺血时肝组织损伤明显,复流1 h时损伤进一步加重,A组及B组长期存活动物肝组织结构于术后4 d恢复正常;与A组比较,B组肝组织损伤显著,坏死灶明显增多.结论 避免门静脉淤滞条件下正常巴马小型猪常温耐受入肝血流阻断的安全时限可达90 min.     

猪门静脉回流阻断模型内毒素的移位

【目的】拟在猪的肠血管阻断模型中探讨门静脉回流阻断肠淤血可能造成的内毒素移位和肿瘤坏死因子释放。【方法】采用种群相近体质量22～25kg雌性小猪8只，无感染症状。分离门静脉和肝后下腔静脉分别阻断、然后开放各60min．观察血压、心率，阻断前和开放60min各取回肠末端小肠全层行光镜、电镜检查，测定门、颈静脉血内毒素及肿瘤坏死因子（TNF—α）含量。【结果】门静脉和肝后下腔静脉阻断后，肠淤血、水肿，并随时间延长而加重，光镜检查表明实验后肠粘膜和腺体明显损伤，电镜检查表明细胞超微结构轻微异常。阻断前后的血内毒素、TNF—α含量无显著性差异。【结论】①肠静脉回流阻断60min引起的肠道淤血可导致肠粘膜屏障损伤。②在60min内肠淤血性的损伤不会引起肠腔内内毒素的大量移位及TNF—α的释放。     

猪门静脉回流阻断模型内毒素的移位

【目的】拟在猪的肠血管阻断模型中探讨门静脉回流阻断肠淤血可能造成的内毒素移位和肿瘤坏死因子释放。【方法】采用种群相近体质量22～25kg雌性小猪8只,无感染症状。分离门静脉和肝后下腔静脉分别阻断、然后开放各60min,观察血压、心率,阻断前和开放60min各取回肠末端小肠全层行光镜、电镜检查,测定门、颈静脉血内毒素及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量。【结果】门静脉和肝后下腔静脉阻断后,肠淤血、水肿,并随时间延长而加重,光镜检查表明实验后肠粘膜和腺体明显损伤,电镜检查表明细胞超微结构轻微异常。阻断前后的血内毒素、TNF-α含量元显著性差异。【结论】①肠静脉回流阻断60min引起的肠道淤血可导致肠粘膜屏障损伤。②在60min内肠淤血性的损伤不会引起肠腔内内毒素的大量移位及TNF-α的释放。     

保留大鼠半肝动脉血供肝血流安全阻断时限的实验研究

目的探讨门静脉自然转流及非转流情况下保留半肝动脉血供肝血流阻断的安全时限。方法将实验用雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为A、B、C组。A组保留肝左、肝中动脉血供及尾状叶动脉、门静脉血供（约占全肝5%）,夹闭肝左、肝中叶门静脉,结扎肝右叶肝蒂,到预定阻断时相点,恢复肝脏灌流,切除肝右叶及尾状叶,24h后检测ALT、肝脏HE染色（细胞核）阳性面积的平均百分数及术后7d存活率。B组不保留尾状叶动脉、门静脉血供,其他与A组相同。C组完全阻断肝脏入肝血流,肝切除方式及检测指标与A组相同。结果在A、B、C 3组中,A组的阻断形式对肝脏的损害最轻,B组次之,C组最重。A/100、B/40与C/20损害程度相当。结论大鼠门静脉转流下保留半肝动脉血供入肝血流阻断的安全时限是100min,单纯保留半肝动脉血供入肝血流阻断组的安全时限是40min。     

门静脉转流下缺血对阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝脏能量代谢的影响

目的：探讨在门静脉转流下阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝脏缺血后能量代谢变化的病理特征及其与动物耐受性的关系。方法：大鼠胆管结扎后1周，在门静脉转流下阻断入肝血流不同时程后观察动物存活率、肝细胞线粒体呼吸活性、肝组织、ATP含量及动脉血酮体比值。结果：阻断入肝血流30、60、90min后10d动物存活率分别为100％、100％及40％；缺血后肝脏能量代谢功能明显受损，在再灌流后24h，阻断入肝血流30及60min两组动物肝脏能量代谢功能已有明显恢复，而阻断入肝血流90min组肝脏能量代谢功能仍维持在显著低水平。结论：胆道梗阻后1周，大鼠门静脉转流下入肝血流阻断60min以内肝脏能量代谢功能损害可逆，动物能安全耐受；而阻断入肝血流90min引起肝脏能量代谢功能不可逆性损害，动物难以安全耐受。     

大鼠梗阻性黄疸及其肝切除时入肝血流阻断时限研究

目的探讨在门静脉未转流下梗阻性黄疸及其肝切除时第一肝门阻断耐受时限。方法胆总管结扎3d后72只大鼠,随机分6组行手术,检测各组术后血清转氨酶、肝组织匀浆中黄嘌呤氧化酶含量、肝组织病理学变化、肝细胞增殖细胞核抗原表达,术后1周内各组动物生存只数。结果胆道梗阻3d大鼠第一肝门阻断15min以内,术后1周全部存活;肝叶切除时第一肝门阻断15min,术后1周多数死亡。结论梗阻性黄疸大鼠在门静脉未转流下常温入肝血流阻断（PTC）时限应〈15min,如行肝叶切除,PTC时限应〈10min。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.