脑伤泰对血管性痴呆大鼠认知障碍及海马钙结合蛋白的影响

目的:观察中药脑伤泰对血管性痴呆大鼠主动回避反应及海马钙结合蛋白的影响。方法:采用Pulsinelli 氏血管闭塞法建立血管性痴呆模型。脑伤泰治疗,通过主动回避反应正确率观察痴呆大鼠治疗前后学习记忆功能的变化,免疫组化法检测海马钙结合蛋白表达变化。结果:治疗组经过6周、8周治疗后,其主动回避反应正确率有明显改善,海马钙结合蛋白表达较模型组明显提高。结论:脑伤泰对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆功能有一定的改善作用,可能与提高海马钙结合蛋白表达有关。     

蜂花粉改善学习记忆功能的实验研究

本文用一次性训练避暗法被动回避性条件反应观察了药物对学习记忆功能的影响。结果表明:蜂花粉及其丙酮提取物能改善正常小鼠和大鼠的学习记忆功能,对东莨菪碱、CO_2刺激诱发或老年动物的学习记忆障碍,蜂花粉及其丙酮和水提取物分别显示明显的对抗作用。     

小儿黄龙颗粒对记忆障碍模型小鼠学习记忆功能的影响

目的： 观察小儿黄龙颗粒对记忆获得障碍模型、记忆巩固不良模型及记忆再现缺失模型小鼠学习记忆功能的影响。 方法： 采用跳台法和避暗法观察小儿黄龙颗粒对东莨菪碱、利血平、氯霉素和乙醇分别造成记忆障碍模型小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。 结果： 小儿黄龙颗粒高、中剂量能延长东莨菪碱造模小鼠、利血平造模小鼠、氯霉素造模小鼠 、乙醇造模小鼠的潜伏期,减少错误次数,降低错误率,具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论： 小儿黄龙颗粒对记忆获得障碍模型、记忆巩固不良模型及记忆再现缺失模型小鼠的学习记忆功能有改善作用,能促进和巩固学习记忆,为临床用于改善ADHD患者的学习记忆功能提供了药理学依据。     

Effect of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) leaf aqueous and ethanol extracts on avoidance learning during stressful endurance performance of rats: a dose dependent study

Aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., Elaeagnaceae) dry leaves were examined in rats for their dose dependent effect on active avoidance learning, if any. Avoidance learning was studied during endurance performance in multiple stressful environments consisting of light, noise and electric shock (10 mV) by using Runimex, a circular runway animal model. Neither of the evaluated extracts showed activity in rats to enhance cognitive functions with reference to avoidance learning during exposure to stressful conditions of multiple stressors. But both extracts were found to possess physical performance enhancing activity during the studied stressful conditions.     

广金钱草益智作用研究

用一次性试验的被动回避性反应方法,观察到广金钱草对樟柳碱及氯霉素引起的小鼠记忆障碍均有改善作用,并能延长小鼠急性脑缺氧的死亡时间。     

南沙参多糖改善东莨菪碱所致大鼠学习记忆障碍的研究

目的：探讨南沙参多糖（RAPS）对东莨菪碱所致大鼠学习记忆障碍的影响。方法：igRAPS500－2000mg/kg每天一次共15天,大鼠穿梭箱法测定学习记忆能力,化学荧光法测定单胺类递质的含量。结果：大鼠主动回避反应率显增加;大鼠脑中NE、DA、5－HT含量增加,AchE活性降低;血糖含量增加。结论：RAPS具有改善大鼠学习记忆的功能,其作用与影响鼠脑中神经递质及血糖有关。     

睡眠剥夺对大鼠大脑功能的影响

目的探讨睡眠剥夺(SD)对大鼠大脑功能的影响。方法采用小平台水环境法建立SD模型,以正常对照组和大平台对照组为对照,以学习记忆能力和脑电活动为指标,观察SD对大鼠脑功能的影响。结果①大平台对照组学习记忆能力提高(P<0.05);SD组学习记忆能力降低(P<0.05和0.01),且随SD时间的延长,学习记忆能力下降越明显。②大平台对照组与正常对照组的脑电活动无差别(P>0.05);SD组与大平台组有差异(P<0.05和0.01)。结论SD的确对大脑功能有明显的抑制作用,而且SD时间越长抑制越明显。     

Chronic cyanidin-3-glucoside administration improves short-term spatial recognition memory but not passive avoidance learning and memory in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

This research study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chronic cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G) on alleviation of learning and memory deficits in diabetic rats as a result of the observed antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of C3G. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, diabetic, C3G‐treated‐control and ‐diabetic groups. The C3G was administered i.p. at a dose of 10 mg/kg on alternate days for eight weeks. For evaluation of learning and memory, initial latency (IL) and step‐through latency (STL) were determined at the end of study using passive avoidance test. Meanwhile, spatial recognition memory was assessed as alternation in the Y‐maze task. Oxidative stress markers in brain tissue were also measured. It was found that the alternation score of the diabetic rats was lower than that of control (p < 0.01) and C3G‐treated diabetic rats showed a higher alternation score as compared to diabetic group (p < 0.05). Diabetic rats also developed a significant impairment in retention and recall in passive avoidance test (p < 0.01) and C3G treatment of diabetic rats did not produce any significant improvement. Meanwhile, increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in diabetic rats was significantly reduced following C3G treatment (p < 0.05). Taken together, chronic C3G could improve short‐term spatial recognition memory disturbance in the Y‐maze test but not retention and recall capability in passive avoidance test in STZ‐diabetic rats. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Enhanced conditioned inhibitory avoidance by a combined extract of Zingiber officinale and Ginkgo biloba

Previous work has shown that intragastric administration of Zingicomb, a preparation consisting of Zingiber officinale and Ginkgo biloba extracts, has anxiolytic-like properties. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of acute treatment with this preparation on inhibitory avoidance learning. The influence of pre-trial administered Zingicomb (ZC) on inhibitory avoidance conditioning was investigated in adult male Wistar rats, with a one-trial step-through avoidance task. The animals were treated intragastrically with either vehicle, 0.5, 1, 10 or 100 mg/kg ZC 60 min prior to the acquisition trial. When tested 24 h after training, rats which had received 10 mg/kg ZC exhibited significantly longer step-through latencies than vehicle treated animals. This result, thus, demonstrates the beneficial effects of Zingicomb on conditioned inhibitory avoidance. Unlike conventional anxiolytic drugs, such as the benzodiazepines, which tend to have amnesic properties, this phytopharmacon is a potent anxiolytic agent which, additionally, can facilitate performance on a learning task, indicating promising clinical applications.     

Altered dendritic arborization of amygdala neurons in young adult rats orally intubated with Clitorea ternatea aqueous root extract

Young adult (60 day old) Wistar rats of either sex were orally intubated with 50 mg/kg body weight and 100 mg/kg body weight of aqueous root extract of Clitoria ternatea (CTR) for 30 days, along with age-matched saline controls. These rats were then subjected to passive avoidance tests and the results from these studies showed a significant increase in passive avoidance learning and retention. Subsequent to the passive avoidance tests, these rats were killed by decapitation. The amygdala was processed for Golgi staining and the stained neurons were traced using a camera lucida and analysed. The results showed a significant increase in dendritic intersections, branching points and dendritic processes arising from the soma of amygdaloid neurons in CTR treated rats especially in the 100 mg/kg group of rats, compared with age-matched saline controls. This improved dendritic arborization of amygdaloid neurons correlates with the increased passive avoidance learning and memory in the CTR treated rats as reported earlier. The results suggest that Clitoria ternatea aqueous root extract enhances memory by increasing the functional growth of neurons of the amygdala.     

The ameliorating effects of LiuWei Dihuang Wang on cycloheximide-induced impairment of passive avoidance performance in rats

The ameliorating effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of LiuWei Dihuang Wang (LDW(W) and LDW(E)) after single, 1-week or 2-week consecutive treatment on the cycloheximide-induced amnesia by using the passive avoidance task in rats were studied. After single treatment, LDW(W) and LDW(E) (1 and 2g/kg) significantly prolonged the shortened step-through latency induced by CXM and their potency was equal. LDW(W) at 1g/kg after 1-week consecutive treatment or at 0.1g/kg after 2-week consecutive treatment almost completely reversed CXM-induced amnesia. LDW(W) at any dose alone after single, 1-week or 2-week consecutive treatment did not influence the step-through latency in the training trial in rats. Furthermore, muscarinic antagonist scopolamine, peripheral cholinergic antagonist scopolamine methylbromide, serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptamine and serotonin releaser p-chloroamphetamine could block the ameliorating effects of LDW(W). GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline and GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen also blocked the ameliorating effects of LDW(W). These results suggest that the ameliorating effects of LDW whose potency were parallel to treatment duration might be related to activating peripheral cholinergic neuronal system and modulating the central nervous system.     

复方益智汤对小鼠学习和记忆能力的影响

采用跳台实验和水迷宫实验方法，观察复方益智汤对由樟柳碱、环已酰亚胺和３０％乙醇造成的小鼠记忆障碍病理模型的影响。结果表明，复方益智汤可不同程度地改善小鼠学习和记忆的获得、巩固和再现能力。     

复方益智散对多发性脑梗塞痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆功能的影响

目的 :探讨复方益智散对多发性脑梗塞痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆功能的影响及其机制。方法 :采用左心室注射液体石蜡制备大鼠多发性脑梗塞性痴呆模型 ,观察复方益智散对大鼠学习记忆能力的改善。结果 :复方益智散有改善学习记忆功能 ,并可显著提高脑组织中GSH PX和SOD活力 ,降低MDA含量。结论 :复方益智散具有健脑益智作用 ,其作用机制可能与提高脑组织中抗氧化酶活力和抑制自由基产生有关     

Renal responses to magnesium lithospermate B in rats with adenine-induced renal failure

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of magnesium lithospermate B on the uraemic symptoms and development of hypertension in rats with adenine-induced renal failure. Chronic administration of 10 mg/kg body weight/day magnesium lithospermate B significantly reduced serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, methylguanidine, guanidinosuccinic acid and inorganic phosphate, accompanied by increased urinary excretion of urea, creatinine and electrolytes. In addition, renal tissue blood flow was significantly increased and mean blood pressure significantly decreased in the magnesium lithospermate B-treated group compared with the control group. These results confirm that chronic administration of magnesium lithospermate B to rats with adenine-induced renal failure ameliorates the uraemic symptoms and development of hypertension by improving renal haemodynamics and electrolyte metabolism.     

开心散对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的:研究经典古方开心散对慢性应激抑郁模型(CMS)大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及可能的作用机制。方法:将大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性药物组(盐酸氟西汀10 mg.kg-1)、开心散各剂量组(1 000,500,250,125 mg.kg-1),建立CMS大鼠模型,连续灌胃21 d;采用糖水消耗试验、旷场试验评价开心散抗抑郁行为学活性,采用Morris水迷宫评价开心散对CMS大鼠学习记忆能力的影响,并测定各组大鼠全脑中单胺类递质、乙酰胆碱(Ach)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性和海马中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)蛋白水平。结果:行为学测试结果表明开心散能明显提高CMS大鼠的糖水偏嗜度和旷场试验总路程,明显缩短Morris水迷宫定位导航的潜伏期,增加空间探索中的穿越平台次数、原平台所在象限游泳距离和时间;增加动物全脑中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和Ach的含量,并提高海马内BDNF的水平,减少AchE。结论:开心散可明显改善CMS大鼠的抑郁行为,增强CMS大鼠学习记忆的能力,其作用的机制可能与增加全脑中单胺递质和Ach含量,提高海马神经营养能力有关。     

天冰调督胶囊对癫痫大鼠学习记忆及海马脑源性神经营养因子表达的影响

目的:观察天冰调督胶囊(全蝎,人工牛黄、冰片等)对印防己毒(PTX)诱导癫痫大鼠学习记忆、神经元损伤以及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)表达的影响。方法:用印防己毒建立癫痫大鼠模型,观察天冰调督胶囊的疗效,并以丙戊酸钠、脑复康悬浊液作为对照观察。用旷场行为观察箱观察大鼠行为学改变及拒俘反应性。Morris水迷宫测试观察大鼠寻找平台所需时间和通过原平台次数。脑组织切片HE染色、尼氏染色、BDNF免疫组织化学染色并进行免疫阳性细胞记数。结果:天冰调督胶囊可改善大鼠行为学异常及拒俘反应性,寻找平台所需时间明显缩短,通过原平台的次数明显增加。减轻癫痫大鼠脑组织皮层和海马区细胞变性和坏死状况,改善神经元内尼氏体脱失现象,经免疫组化染色BDNF阳性细胞数增多。结论:天冰调督胶囊可提高PTX化学点燃癫痫大鼠学习记忆能力,可能通过增加BDNF的表达;保护尼氏小体,促进神经元蛋白质合成;维护神经元正常功能,提高癫痫大鼠学习记忆能力。     

益脑胶囊的促智作用研究

采用小鼠跳台法和避暗法观察了益脑胶囊对小鼠学习记忆的影响。结果表明,益脑胶囊能增强正常和老龄小鼠的学习记忆能力,对东莨菪碱、亚硝酸钠和乙醇引起的小鼠记忆障碍、巩固及再现障碍均有不同程度的改善作用,初步显示益脑胶囊有改善学习记忆功能及促智作用。     

首乌神颗粒对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

采用跳台法、避暗法、电迷宫法及复杂迷宫觅食法观察了首乌神颗粒对因樟柳碱、东莨菪碱、戊巴比妥钠、亚硝酸钠及40％乙醇造成小鼠记忆障碍影响,结果表明首乌神颗粒对小鼠的学习和记忆获得障碍、记忆巩固不良及记忆再现缺失均有明显的改善作用。     

通络醒脑泡腾片对AD大鼠学习记忆和海马胰岛素降解酶表达的影响

目的:探讨通络醒脑泡腾片对Aβ_25-35海马注射拟痴呆大鼠学习记忆和海马胰岛素降解酶表达的影响,为其防治老年痴呆提供依据。方法:建立Aβ_25-35海马注射痴呆大鼠模型,将造模大鼠随机分为模型对照组、安理申组(1.4 mg·kg^-1)、通络醒脑泡腾片高、中、低剂量组(7.56,3.78,1.59 g·kg^-1),另取海马注射生理盐水的大鼠为假手术组,10 mL·kg^-1,每日1次,连续灌胃给药90 d,采用Morris水迷宫检测大鼠学习记忆能力,采用免疫组织化学和图像分析技术对大鼠海马胰岛素降解酶表达进行定量分析。结果:通络醒脑泡腾片能够显著缩短大鼠定向航行测试的逃避潜伏期,显著延长空间探索测试第一象限停留时间和减少第三象限停留时间,增加经过平台次数,与模型组比较有显著差异(P<0.05),并能够显著提高海马区胰岛素降解酶平均吸光度,提高海马区胰岛素降解酶的表达,与模型组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:通络醒脑泡腾片具有提高AD大鼠学习记忆能力,促进海马胰岛素降解酶表达的作用,提示其益智作用与提高海马胰岛素降解酶活性有关。     

姜黄素联合阿司匹林对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的:观察姜黄素联合阿司匹林对血管性痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆能力的改善作用及其对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和血液流变学的影响。方法:采用不同时点分别结扎左、右颈总动脉建立血管性痴呆动物模型,分为姜黄素与阿司匹林联合用药组、姜黄素组、盐酸多奈哌齐对照组、模型空白对照组及假手术组,分别灌胃给药4周后,应用Morris水迷宫实验检测大鼠学习记忆能力;同时测定脑组织海马和皮质SOD活性、MDA的含量、NO的含量及NOS活性,脉取血检测血液流变学指标。结果:姜黄素(300mg/kg)与阿司匹林(10mg/kg)联合用药组大鼠平均逃避潜伏期较模型组明显缩短,空间搜索实验通过平台次数较模型组有明显的增加;姜黄素与阿司匹林联合用药能明显拮抗脑缺血引起的SOD活性下降及MDA含量升高;也明显降低NOS活性及NO含量;姜黄素与阿司匹林联合用药组大鼠全血黏度中切、低切、血浆黏度和血沉有显著性降低,具有良好的改善血液流变学作用。结论:姜黄素与阿司匹林联合用药可改善血管性痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆能力,可能与其改善血液流变学作用及其抗氧自由基作用有关,其作用比单用姜黄素更佳。