游离包皮内板或膀胱粘膜治疗尿道下裂(附56例报告)

目的：介绍采用游离包皮内板或膀胱粘膜治疗尿道下裂的方法及效果。方法：对56例尿道下裂患儿根据尿道缺损长度不同，42例采用包皮内板，14例采用膀胱粘膜行尿道成形术。结果：56例中一次手术成功49例（87.5%），7例尿瘘（12.5%），其中1例小尿瘘自行愈合，另6例分别于术后3个月行尿瘘修补术治愈，随访6个月－3年，疗效满意。结论：游离包皮内板或膀胱粘膜可以治疗各种类型尿道下裂，效果良好。     

膀胱粘膜尿道成形术Ⅰ期矫正尿道下裂(附23例报告)

作者报道应用膀胱粘膜尿道成形术Ⅰ期矫正尿道下裂23例,其中20例一次手术成功,成功率为86.9％。17例尿道外口位于冠状沟,6例修复至阴茎头正常位置。近期效果满意。该手术取材方便,符合生理、成功率高、外观满意,适用于各型尿道下裂。     

膀胱粘膜代尿道治疗尿道下裂（附80例报告）

采用膀胱粘膜代尿道治疗尿道下裂８０例，主张一期成形，尿道外口修复至正常阴茎头位置，达到外观美观，恢复正常排尿，手术成功率９５％，术后并发症明显减少。对８０例经验进行总结。     

不同术式一期正位开口修复先天性尿道下裂：附114例报告

总结１１４例不同手术方式一期修复各种类型尿道下裂的经验。本组中阴茎型３０例，阴茎阴囊型６３例，会阴型２１例。阴茎型尿道下裂宜采用包皮内板转移皮瓣尿道成形术。阴囊型根据缺损尿道长短采用阴囊纵带蒂皮瓣术或包皮内板阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣尿道成形术。会阴型采用包皮内板阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣术或膀胱粘膜尿道造成形术本组一期手术的成功率为８４．８％。     

不同方法治疗尿道下裂16年回顾

目的 探讨尿道下裂不同术式效果及特点。方法 回顾分析16年231例尿道下裂手术资料，分别采用游离移植物尿道成形术、带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术、前尿道延伸术和前尿道延伸术加带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术等术式，观察手术效果。结果 游离移植物尿道成形术：膀胱黏膜尿道成形术120例，成功率83．3％；游离包皮内板尿道成形术23例，成功率78．2％。带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术30例，成功率80．0％。前尿道延伸术45例，成功率95．5％。前尿道延伸术和前尿道延伸术加带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术13例，成功率69．2％。结论 尿道下裂术式各具优缺点，应根据尿道缺损的长度及术者的经验选取术式。     

尿道下裂手术方式的选择及并发症的预防

目的：评价一期膀胱粘膜或包皮内板在尿道下裂修复术中的应用和并发症的预防。方法：尿道下裂患者164例，年龄1.5-25岁，初次手术病例组138例，采用包皮内板尿道成形术47例，膀胱粘膜尿道成形术91例；再次手术病例组26例，全部采用膀胱粘膜尿道成形术。结果：术后随访6个月－7年。所有病例一次手术成功率（94.5%）。尿瘘9例都位于冠状沟下，初次手术组与再次手术组的成功率（94.9%：92.3%）差异无显著性意义。使用膀胱粘膜与包皮内板尿道成形术成功率（94.1%:95.7%）差异无显著性意义。结论：无论是那种类型的尿道下裂，正确应用包皮内板或膀胱粘膜尿道成形术能取得良好的疗效。手术成功的关键不在于手术的方法，而在于术者对术式掌握的熟练程度和术中以及术后对每个细微环节的认真处理。     

膀胱黏膜尿道成形术一期治疗尿道下裂

目的探讨膀胱黏膜尿道成形术一期治疗尿道下裂的疗效.方法 1991年8月～2003年8月对38例先天性尿道下裂患者阴茎下曲矫正后行一期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术治疗.结果 38例均一期成形,术后随访6个月～9年,尿道外口修复至正常阴茎头位置,达到外观美观,恢复正常排尿.其中2例一期手术失败,二期再行膀胱黏膜尿道成形术仍获得成功.一期手术成功率为95%,术后3例尿瘘再行尿瘘修补术,2例轻度尿道狭窄,经尿道扩张后解除.余无并发症.结论一期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂具有并发症少,成功率高等优点.     

纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣Ⅰ期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂

目的评价纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣Ⅰ期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂的疗效。方法回顾总结114例尿道下裂Ⅰ期尿道成形术患者临床资料，采用纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣70例，联合尿道口附近皮肤44例。平均重建尿道长度3．8cm。结果Ⅰ期手术成功率94．74％，其中尿瘘5．26％。术后1月内排尿异常21.93％。未发生器质性尿道狭窄。104例随访3个月-2年，阴茎外观及排尿均良好；10例失访。结论对伴有阴茎下弯的、尿道板发育不好的阴茎型及阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂患者，纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣Ⅰ期尿道成形术疗效好，并发症少。     

自制多孔平行双支架管在尿道下裂手术中的应用

目的 探讨提高各型尿道下裂修复手术成功率的方法.方法 220例尿道下裂患者,均采用一期尿道成形术.阴茎伸直后,用带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术(Duckett术)195例;阴囊中隔+带蒂包皮内板联合成形术20例;膀胱黏膜游离移植尿道成形术5例.用自制带有多个侧孔的平行双硅胶管作为尿道下裂修复手术中新形成的尿道支架管.结果 术后随访1～8年,208例一期手术成功,排尿通畅;2例术后出现尿瘘;6例手术1个月后出现尿道吻合口狭窄,4例术后1个月尿道外口狭窄.结论 本组一期手术成功率达94.5%,自制带有多侧孔的平行双硅胶管作为尿道支架管,具有通畅引流、利于冲洗等优点,可减少感染、尿瘘、狭窄的发生率.     

尿道板瓣与包皮瓣联合修复先天性尿道下裂

目的:探讨尿道板瓣在尿道成形中的价值;提高先天性尿道下裂的一次手术成功率.方法:将残余尿道粘膜及粘膜下组织一起形成尿道板瓣,与一侧包皮岛状瓣结合形成缺损段尿道,转移另一侧包皮瓣完成阴茎腹侧创面覆盖,尿道板瓣最大面积为2.0cm×0.5cm.治疗先天性阴茎型尿道下裂患者34例.结果:本组患者除3例患者术后出现尿道外口包皮瓣部分坏死,尿道外口狭窄,二次手术切开外,余者均Ⅰ期愈合,随访1～3年,无再造尿道狭窄及尿瘘等并发症出现.结论:先天性尿道下裂患者残余尿道粘膜及粘膜下组织可以形成具有良好血供的尿道板瓣,有效地解决了一侧包皮瓣再造尿道组织量不足的问题,提高了一次手术成功率.     

尿道下裂手术15年回顾(附322例报告)

目的　探讨尿道下裂不同术式效果及特点。　方法　回顾 15年 32 2例尿道下裂手术资料 ,将术式分为原位皮瓣尿道成形、带蒂皮瓣尿道成形、游离组织尿道成形 ,观察手术效果。　结果　原位皮瓣尿道成形 :阴茎皮条埋藏尿道成形术 2 6例 ,成功 6 9.2 % ;阴茎皮管尿道成形术 33例 ,成功率 6 9.7%。带蒂皮瓣尿道成形 :带蒂阴囊皮瓣尿道成形术 146例 ,成功率 80 .8% ;横行带蒂包皮瓣尿道成形术 6 5例 ,成功率 81.5 %。游离组织尿道成形 :游离包皮瓣尿道成形术 9例 ,成功 7例 ;颊粘膜尿道成形术 1例 ,失败 ;膀胱粘膜尿道成形术 42例 ,成功率 88.1%。　结论　尿道下裂术式 ,各具优缺点 ,选取术式应综合多因素考虑。膀胱粘膜尿道成形术是目前成功率较高 ,合乎生理的术式     

不同方法治疗尿道下裂16年回顾

目的　探讨尿道下裂不同术式效果及特点。方法　回顾分析 16年 2 3 1例尿道下裂手术资料 ,分别采用游离移植物尿道成形术、带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术、前尿道延伸术和前尿道延伸术加带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术等术式 ,观察手术效果。结果　游离移植物尿道成形术 :膀胱黏膜尿道成形术 12 0例 ,成功率 83 .3 %;游离包皮内板尿道成形术 2 3例 ,成功率 78.2 %。带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术 3 0例 ,成功率 80 .0 %。前尿道延伸术 45例 ,成功率 95 .5 %。前尿道延伸术和前尿道延伸术加带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术 13例 ,成功率 69.2 %。结论　尿道下裂术式各具优缺点 ,应根据尿道缺损的长度及术者的经验选取术式     

Tubularized-incised urethral plate urethroplasty: is regular dilatation necessary for success?

OBJECTIVES: To report the results of the tubularized-incised urethral plate repair of hypospadias. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven patients (mean age 8 years, range 6-18) had their hypospadias corrected using the tubularized-incised urethral plate technique. Five patients had glanular, 16 had coronal, and two had recurrent hypospadias after a failed Mathieu repair, and four patients required a second-stage repair. The urethral plate was incised in the midline and tubularized over a suitably sized stent. In patients who required second-stage repair a Thiersch-Duplay neourethra was constructed from the hypospadiac orifice to the corona and the glanular urethra was constructed by tubularization of the incised urethral plate. RESULTS: The functional and cosmetic results were excellent. Of the first seven patients, four had a small fistula associated with meatal stenosis. By regular dilatation of the glanular urethra, all fistulae resolved spontaneously. Dilatation was instituted in all the remaining patients and no fistula or meatal stenosis occurred. Other complications included haematoma formation in one patient, urinary tract infection in another and frequent bladder spasm in two. CONCLUSIONS: The tubularized-incised urethral plate urethroplasty is a simple and versatile technique that provides an excellent cosmetic appearance of the glans. It can be applied not only for the primary repair of distal hypospadias, but also for re-operation of recurrent hypospadias. The technique is ideal for constructing a glanular urethra when the Thiersch-Duplay operation is used to repair posterior hypospadias. Regular urethral dilatation is important in preventing adhesions between both sides of the incised plate, which can result in meatal stenosis and fistula.     

Folding and everting distal end of graft flap to reduce orifice stenosis following onlay urethroplasty

Aim: Orifice stenosis remained to be a common complication of hypospadias repair. We had modified the preputial island flap urethroplasty by folding and everting the distal end of the pedicle graft flap to prevent the neo-orifice from stenosis. Methods: Sixteen patients had undergone hypospadias repair using a modified onlay island flap technique. A urethral catheter was retained for 8 days to 10 days after operation. Results: Satisfactory results were seen in all the patients with a cosmetically fine appearance. One patient had a urinary tract infection and another,urethrocutaneous fistula and both were amply treated. No glanular adhesion or stenosis occurred. A long-term follow up of 6 months to 4 years (mean: 2 years) in 15 patients did not find any complication. Conclusion: The modified preputial island flap urethroplasty technique is an easy, reliable and effective approach to reduce orifice stenosis in hypospadias repair. ( Asian J Androl 2003 Jun; 5:159-161 )     

纵行阴茎腹外侧肉膜瓣在远端尿道下裂Ⅰ期修复术中的应用

目的:探讨阴茎纵行腹外侧肉膜瓣在远端尿道下裂Ⅰ期修复术中的应用价值。方法:对55例阴茎远端型尿道下裂患者先行尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术(TIP)修复尿道,然后采用阴茎纵行腹外侧阴茎肉膜瓣对修复新尿道进行覆盖。结果:55例患者均获得类似包皮环切术后样外观,尿道外口开口于阴茎头顶端呈裂隙状;仅4例(7.3%)于冠状沟处发生尿道瘘。结论:在远端尿道下裂Ⅰ期修复术中,以阴茎纵行腹外侧肉膜瓣对新尿道加以覆盖,能有效降低尿道瘘的发生率,且修复后阴茎获得类似包皮环切术后样外观。     

膀胱粘膜尿道成形术治疗复杂性尿道下裂

目的对膀胱粘膜尿道成形术治疗复杂性尿道下裂的适应证及手术方法进行讨论，以重新认识其应用价值。方法总结2002～2004年经多次手术失败的复杂性尿道下裂7例，平均尿道缺损5、7cm，采用改进后的膀胱粘膜尿道成形术Ⅰ划尿道成形的资料。结果术后均获得较为满意的疗效，阴茎伸直满意，外形好，尿线粗，开口近似正常位置。2例术后尿瘘，6个月后再次修补获成功，手术一次成功率71.4％。结论对多次手术失败、阴茎疤痕严重、局部取材困难、尿道缺损过长的复杂尿道下裂的病例，采用膀胱粘膜尿道成形术Ⅰ期尿道成形仍是目前合理、有效的手术方法。     

二期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术治疗重型尿道下裂的评价

目的：对膀胱黏膜尿道成形术治疗重型尿道下裂的一期或二期手术疗效进行分析与评价。方法：对1998年1月～2007年10月采用一期或二期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术进行治疗的33例重型尿道下裂进行对照回顾分析。结果：一期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术18例,一次成功率55．6％（10／18）,尿瘘发生率27．8％（5／18）,外口狭窄发生率16．7％（3／18）;二期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术15例,一次成功率66．7％（10／15）,尿瘘发生率13．3％（2／15）,外口狭窄发生率20．0％（3／15）。结论：结合临床观察及相关数据,二期膀胱黏膜尿道成形术在重型尿道下裂的治疗中似具有一定的优势,但尚需继续积累病例,通过有效的统计学分析进一步确证这一推论。     

Distally based turnover flap and preputium plasty for distal hypospadias repair: a preliminary report.

A surgical procedure for hypospadias correction using a proximally based turnover flap, glanuloplasty, and preputium plasty is described. The flap is vertically disposed and distally based on the external urethral meatus, and the shape is spatulated. It is dissected from proximal to distal, turned over, and sutured to the glans to reconstruct the missing portion of urethra. A glanuloplasty is performed and the preputium is restored by careful reconstruction of its inner and outer surface. The technique is useful in distal penile and glanular hypospadias without chordee or meatal stenosis. Very good functional and aesthetic results, and no complications, were obtained with this technique. Preliminary results and a 3-year follow-up are presented and discussed in this report.