硝酸酯类药物耐药性及其防治对策

硝酸酯类药物已广泛用于治疗心血管疾病。但其连续应用或长期应用易发生耐药性[1],从而降低了这类药物的临床作用。如何降低或防治其耐药性的发生一直为临床研究者所关注。本文就硝酸酯类药物耐药性的发生机制及其防治对策作一介绍。1硝酸酯类药物的耐受性及其发生机制目前已有大量证据表明,长程应用硝酸酯类药物都可发生耐药性。这种耐药性的发生与临床所用的药物类型和剂型无密切关系,而与临床使用方法和剂量相关［12」。近期报道,连续应用硝酸甘油贴片可在数天内发生耐药性,间断应用每12h释放＞75mg硝酸甘油的贴片可导致夜间心绞痛…     

硝酸酯类药物耐药性评价方法的研究进展

硝酸酯类药物具有扩张冠状动脉和外周动静脉的作用,能够有效改善心肌缺血,缓解心绞痛症状,减轻心脏负荷,被广泛应用于心血管疾病的治疗。但长期使用硝酸酯类药物可产生耐药性,导致抗心绞痛等临床疗效减弱。目前,评价硝酸酯耐药方法的研究很多,主要有观察抗心绞痛作用、踏车运动试验、测量外周动脉扩张程度、前臂体积描记法、测量血浆中一些因子水平的变化、直接测量冠状动脉血管的扩张程度等方法在临床上得到应用。各种方法均有其优缺点,在临床工作中应根据实际情况,多方面多手段个体化评估硝酸酯类耐药性,从而得到最大临床收益。     

不同剂型与剂量硝酸酯类药物分时给药方案比较研究

硝酸酯类药物是冠心病心绞痛治疗中常用的一类药物.在临床实践中,由于硝酸酯类药物长时间静脉滴注产生的耐药性及患者的烦躁情绪、疲劳感等,使该药疗效与患者用药依从性之间产生矛盾.为此,我们经过探索,找到了一套既能保证该类药物疗效又能提高患者依从性的用药方案,报告如下.     

硝酸酯类药物的合理应用

硝酸酯类药物作为最古老的心血管药物之一,临床应用已130余年。在众多心血管新药不断涌现的今天,其治疗冠心病、心绞痛疗效可靠,仍然是心血管病治疗中使用最为广泛的一类药物。但如何合理有效的使用仍是目前临床上     

硝酸酯类药物对老年高血压患者脉压的影响

目的:观察硝酸酯类药物对老年高血压患者脉压的影响。方法:78例老年高血压患者随机分为两组,治疗组4 0例,对照组38例,治疗组在原治疗药物的基础上加用硝酸酯类药鲁南欣康2 0mg每日2次,口服,疗程6周。分别测基线血压及6周后的血压。对照组继续原降压药物治疗。结果:治疗组收缩压、脉压与治疗前及对照组相比均明显下降,统计学处理差别有显著性(P <0 .0 5 ) ,舒张压治疗前后无明显改变。结论:硝酸酯类药物能降低老年高血压患者的收缩压,对舒张压影响不大,使脉压减小,对老年高血压患者治疗有益     

怎样正确服用硝酸酯类药物

我患有冠心痛、心绞痛，医生给我开了硝酸异山梨酯（消心痛）起初效果甚佳，但用了2周后感觉效果不如以前明显了.     

硝酸酯类药物对老年高血压的治疗效果

目的：观察硝酸酯类药物对老年高血压的治疗效果。方法：选取2011年2月～2013年2月在我院确诊为高血压的110例老年患者,按照患者自愿原则分为参照组与研究组,参照组48例患者采用常规药物治疗,研究组62例患者在常规药物治疗的基础上采用硝酸酯类药物进行治疗,分别记录两组患者治疗前后的血压情况,并进行对比分析。结果：用硝酸酯类药物的研究组62例患者的脉压和收缩压低于参照组患者。结论：硝酸酯类药物治疗老年高血压效果显著,能有效降低患者的收缩压及脉压,值得临床推广。     

应关注硝酸酯类药物合理应用

目的探讨硝酸酯类药物如何在临床实践中得到合理应用。方法依据临床经验,结合文献学习。结果搜集整理了硝酸酯类药物适应症、禁忌症及临床注意事项等问题。结论硝酸酯类药物是心血管病治疗中使用最为广泛、有效的一类药物,临床中仍存在误区。     

硝酸酯类药物治疗心血管疾病的药学应用

目的评估硝酸酯类药物治疗心血管疾病的药学应用效果。方法筛选本院2014年5月至2016年1月接收的87例心血管疾病患者,以不同药物作依据进行分组:研究组(n=44例,选用硝酸酯类药物治疗),参照组(n=43例,选用他汀类药物治疗),同时观察、比对两组药学应用效果。结果选用不同药物治疗后,研究组44例:28例显效,15例有效,1例无效,有效率97.73%(43/44);参照组43例:21例显效,12例有效,10例无效,有效率76.74%(33/43)(P<0.05);两组治疗后均未发生不良反应(P>0.05)。结论临床对心血管疾病展开治疗工作时,选用硝酸酯类药物的应用效果优于他汀类药物,前者能明显改善机体有效率。     

Drug Delivery by Phonophoresis

Phonophoresis is defined as the migration of drug molecules, contained in a contact agent, through the skin under the influence of ultrasound. Several drugs have been introduced into the body by this technique. The design of a phonophoretic drug delivery system is in developmental stages in various research laboratories. Parameters affecting the delivery of drugs by this technique and devices available for drug delivery purposes are discussed in this review.     

Respiratory Drug Delivery X

There were ～ 700 delegates who attended Respiratory Drug Delivery X (RDD-X) at the Boca Raton Resort and Club in Boca Raton, Florida, between the 24th and 27th April 2006. Participants from North America, Europe and many other parts of the world came together to hear a series of invited podium presentations covering the latest scientific developments in pulmonary and nasal drug delivery, along with regulatory and quality control issues. A total of 150 proffered posters were also presented, and a Technology Exhibition involved the products of 78 companies. The conference also provided unparalleled networking opportunities. The proceedings of RDD-X will prove to be an invaluable resource for years to come.     

眼部给药系统的研究进展

目的介绍眼部给药系统的研究进展。方法查阅总结近年来眼部给药系统的最新研究成果,展望其发展前景。结果胶粒给药系统使不同阶段眼部疾病的治疗成为可能;靶向给药使得药物能够透过各种屏障到达眼部病变部位;原位凝胶显著延长了药物在眼部的滞留时间;可降解植入剂避免了释药后的二次手术;眼部电离子渗透技术大大降低了眼部治疗的创伤。结论随着临床医学、药物制剂学、高分子材料学的发展及新技术的应用,眼部给药系统在眼部疾病治疗中的应用更加广泛,具有很好的发展前景。     

微乳作为皮肤局部用药载体的研究进展

微乳是目前药剂学研究的热点,通过皮肤给药以达到局部或全身治疗目的的1种给药载体。综述近年来国内外对微乳作为皮肤局部用药载体的作用机制、影响因素、评价方法以及临床应用等方面的研究进展。     

自乳化药物传递系统的研究概况

目的:总结自乳化药物传递系统的研究概况.方法:对近期自乳化药物传递系统的形成机制、处方组成、体外质量评价及其在药剂学方面的应用进行介绍.结果与结论:自乳化药物传递系统对亲脂性和水难溶性的药物是一个非常有前景的新型载体系统.     

Colonic Drug Delivery: Prodrug Approach

The colon is largely being investigated as a site for administration of protein and peptides, which are degraded by digestive enzymes in the upper GIT. Also for local diseases of the colon, drug administration to the site of action can not only reduce the dose to be administered, but also decrease the side effects. One of the approaches used for colon specific drug delivery is the formation of a prodrug which optimizes drug delivery and improves drug efficacy. Many prodrugs have been evaluated for colon drug delivery. These prodrugs are designed to pass intact and unabsorbed from the upper GIT and undergo biotransformation in the colon releasing the active drug molecule. This biotransformation is carried out by a variety of enzymes, mainly of bacterial origin present in the colon (e.g. azoreductase, glucuronidase, glycosidase, dextranase, esterase, nitroreductase, cyclodextranase, etc.). The present review includes varius prodrug approaches investigated for colon drug delivery and their site specificity.     

Polymer Microneedles for Controlled-Release Drug Delivery

Purpose As an alternative to hypodermic injection or implantation of controlled-release systems, this study designed and evaluated biodegradable polymer microneedles that encapsulate drug for controlled release in skin and are suitable for self-administration by patients. Methods Arrays of microneedles were fabricated out of poly-lactide-co-glycolide using a mold-based technique to encapsulate model drugs—calcein and bovine serum albumin (BSA)—either as a single encapsulation within the needle matrix or as a double encapsulation, by first encapsulating the drug within carboxymethylcellulose or poly-l-lactide microparticles and then encapsulating drug-loaded microparticles within needles. Results By measuring failure force over a range of conditions, poly-lactide-co-glycolide microneedles were shown to exhibit sufficient mechanical strength to insert into human skin. Microneedles were also shown to encapsulate drug at mass fractions up to 10% and to release encapsulated compounds within human cadaver skin. In vitro release of calcein and BSA from three different encapsulation formulations was measured over time and was shown to be controlled by the encapsulation method to achieve release kinetics ranging from hours to months. Release was modeled using the Higuchi equation with good agreement (r² ≥ 0.90). After microneedle fabrication at elevated temperature, up to 90% of encapsulated BSA remained in its native state, as determined by measuring effects on primary, secondary, and tertiary protein structure. Conclusions Biodegradable polymer microneedles can encapsulate drug to provide controlled-release delivery in skin for hours to months.     

脉冲释药系统的新进展

综述近年来脉冲释药系统的新进展。脉冲释药系统是一种按照生理节律设计、定时定量脉冲式释放有效治疗量药物的剂型。根据剂型设计原理和药物释药机制,将脉冲释药系统分为预设药物传递系统、闭环反馈型传递系统和开环传递系统三大类。     

高分子化学在药物传递系统研究中的应用

新型高分子材料的不断出现,极大地促进了药物制剂技术的发展。该文介绍了高分子化学在新型药物传递系统中的应用。并以高分子化学原理阐述了常用高分子材料的性能及其应用。     

磁靶向给药系统的研究进展

磁靶向给药系统有利于提高药物疗效,降低毒副作用,为癌症化疗开辟了新的途径,可望在不久的将来。广泛用于临床。介绍和评价了磁靶向给药系统的制备、性质和药效等,并综述该系统的研究进展。