Impact of estimated-weight-base dose of alteplase in acute stroke treatment on clinical outcome

Dosing of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for acute ischemic stroke treatment is often based on estimated body weight (BW) worldwide in routine clinical practice due to infeasible of accurate BW measurement. The aim of our study is to explore the impact of estimated BW when dosing rt-PA in acute ischemic stroke treatment on clinical outcome. Between January 2013 to May 2018, 126 acute ischemic stroke patients received intravenous rt-PA treatment based on estimated BW dosage were recruited. All patients had actual BW measured in ward after treatment. Based on the dosage of rt-PA given, patients were categorized into three groups, standard dose (0.8–1.0 mg/kg), overdose (>1.0 mg/kg), and underdose (<0.8 mg/kg). Among all 126 patients, 101 (80.2%) patients were treated with standard dose, 12 (9.5%) patients with overdose, and 13 (10.3%) patients with underdose of rt-PA respectively. There was no significant difference between demographic characteristics, pre-morbid risk factors, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at 24 h, NIHSS score at discharge, modified Rankin scale (mRS) within 0 to 2 in discharge or in 3 months after the event within the three groups. There was also no significant difference in hemorrhagic transformation and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH). In conclusion, calculation of the dose of rt-PA based upon the estimated BW to treat acute ischemic stroke patients had no negative impact on the clinical outcome in our study.     

运用丰田生产方式缩短急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓时间临床研究

目的 研究丰田生产方式（Toyota production system,TPS）缩短急性缺血性卒中患者入院至溶栓时间 （door to needle time,DNT）和提高DNT≤60 min的比例。 方法 收集2012年6月-2013年12月重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA）静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者为对照组,2014年1月-2015年6月启用TPS改善溶栓 流程后rt-PA静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者为实验组,比较两组患者DNT时间及DNT≤60 min比例。 结果 研究共纳入对照组68例,实验组87例。对照组DNT平均（92.27±16.98）min,实验组DNT平均 （63.52±11.86）mi n,两组有显著差异（P =0.002）。改善流程后DNT≤60 min的比例由对照组的6.11%提 高到实验组的51.09%（P =0.001）。 结论 通过组建TPS团队多学科合作进行溶栓流程改造,能够显著降低急性缺血性卒中rt-PA静脉 溶栓的院内延误时间,缩短DNT,提高DNT≤60 min的比例。     

Outcomes of intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke with an integrated acute stroke referral network: initial experience of a community-based hospital in a developing country

Some of the literature encourages the use of intravenous (IV) thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in centers with no previous experience with this therapy. The benefits of an acute stroke referral network for IV thrombolytic therapy remain controversial, however. We present outcomes of IV thrombolytic therapy for AIS with an integrated acute stroke referral network at an institution with no previous experience in stroke thrombolysis and compare the results with previously published data. A total of 458 patients with AIS or transient ischemic attack (TIA), referred from a hospital in the acute stroke referral network or walk-ins, admitted to the stroke unit of Thammasat Hospital between October 2007 and January 2009 (16 months) were prospectively assessed. The main outcome measures were IV thrombolytic treatment rate, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, door-to-needle time, onset-to-treatment time (OTT), intracerebral hemorrhage, and morbidity and mortality at 3 months after onset. A total of 100 patients (59 from hospitals in the stroke referral network) received IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy (21% of the admissions with AIS and TIA); 41% of the patients referred from a hospital in the network received IV rt-PA. The median NIHSS score before thrombolysis was 15 (range, 3-34). Mean door-to-needle time was 54 minutes (range, 15-125 minutes), and mean OTT was 160 minutes (range, 60-270 minutes). There were 13 asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages and 2 symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages (1 fatal). By 3 months, 42 patients had achieved excellent recovery (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-1), and 14 had died. These outcomes are comparable to data from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and previous studies of IV rt-PA therapy in Thailand. Our findings indicate that integrating an acute stroke referral network into IV thrombolytic therapy for AIS in a community-based setting is safe and feasible and should help increase the rate of thrombolytic therapy. Previously inexperienced community-based centers can reproduce the experience and outcome measures reported by clinical trials and in the landmark literature of IV thrombolytic therapy in patients with stroke.     

急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓治疗的疗效及预后相关因素分析

目的::静脉溶栓治疗是急性缺血性卒中最有效的治疗方法。本研究旨在探讨在现行卒中指南的指导下,静脉溶栓治疗的早期疗效和远期预后,以期为提高静脉溶栓治疗的获益提供临床证据。方法::记录136例接受重组组织型纤溶酶原澈活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者的人口统计学特征、血管危险因素和本次卒中发生的情况。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)对静脉溶栓治疗的早期疗效进行评价,改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin scale,mRS)对卒中发生后3个月时的功能独立情况进行评价。采用单因素和多因素分析对静脉溶栓治疗的早期疗效和卒中发生后3个月时功能独立的相关影响因素进行分析。结果::静脉溶栓治疗后24 h时,早期有效66例(48.5%);卒中发生后3个月时,64例(47.1%)达功能独立。静脉溶栓治疗后2 h、24 h和7 d的早期疗效与卒中发生后3个月时的功能独立显著相关(P值均0.05)。静脉溶栓治疗前收缩压是静脉溶栓治疗早期疗效的独立影响因素(P0.05)。结论::降低静脉溶栓治疗前收缩压可能改善溶栓治疗的早期疗效。依据溶栓治疗的早期疗效,可能判断溶栓治疗的远期预后。     

改善就医流程缩短急性缺血性卒中患者门-针时间研究

目的探讨改善急诊就医流程对急性缺血性卒中患者入院至静脉溶栓门-针时间(door-to-needle time,DNT)的影响。方法以2015年1月~4月重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者为试验组,试验组在启动绿色通道后立即给患者及家属佩带明显标识,并将分诊护士对患者的筛查纳入绿色通道的管理流程,同时将rt-PA静脉溶栓地点由病房前移到急诊室。以2014年1月~4月改善流程前rt-PA静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者为对照组,评价两组患者DNT时间。结果对照组DNT时间中位数133(80~174)min,试验组DNT时间102(56~168)min,两组有显著差异(P=0.011)。结论通过多学科配合实施一系列的综合措施,优化急性缺血性卒中患者急诊就医流程,可以减少rt-PA静脉溶栓的院内延误时间。     

卒中溶栓规范化管理：特殊临床状态的rt-PA溶栓治疗

在我国，由于缺乏循证医学证据，卒中急性期患者的溶栓治疗方案基本上是参考国外相关指南确定的，其是否适合国人尚无科学依据。另一方面，临床工作中存在的一些模糊或尚无定论的问题需要深入探讨、得出结论以造福患者。本文就这些问题作一简要综述以期达到抛砖引玉的效果。     

Efficacy and Safety of Thrombolytic Therapy for Stroke with Unknown Time of Onset: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

BackgroundRecombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is one of the most effective therapies available for patients with known-onset stroke (KOS). Whether rt-PA treatment would improve functional outcomes in patients with stroke with unknown time of onset (UTOS) is undetermined, we aimed to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis for UTOS patients in this meta-analysis.MethodsA systematic literature search of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted. We considered the relevant data comparing thrombolyzed UTOS patients versus nonthrombolyzed UTOS patients or thrombolyzed UTOS patients versus thrombolyzed KOS patients. Treatment efficacy and safety were measured according to modified Rankin Scale scores of 0-2 (mRS 0-2), and the presence of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) or mortality at 90 days respectively.ResultsA total of 11 studies with 2581 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. All the patients had an ischemic lesion that was assessed by imaging including computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Among these studies, 6 compared the thrombolytic efficacy in thrombolyzed UTOS patients with that in nonthrombolyzed UTOS patients (mRS 0-2: odds ratio [OR] =1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.81, P = .02), and 8 studies compared thrombolyzed UTOS patients with thrombolyzed KOS patients (mRS 0-2: OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.66-1.15, P = .33). The incidence of SICH and mortality at 90 days had no difference between thrombolyzed UTOS patients versus nonthrombolyzed UTOS patients and thrombolyzed UTOS patients versus thrombolyzed KOS patients (all P > .05).ConclusionsData from observational studies suggest that thrombolysis for UTOS patients had significantly favorable outcomes at 90 days compared with nonthrombolyzed patients.     

急性缺血性脑卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓后出血性转化的特殊类型

目的溶栓后出血性转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)是重组组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的一个重要安全指标。HT有不同的亚型,而不同亚型的预后也不尽相同。我们对急性缺血性脑卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后出现的特殊型HT进行分析。方法对发病3zh内的98例缺血性卒中患者用rt-PA(剂量0．6 mg/kg,最大剂量5 0 mg)进行静脉溶栓治疗,溶栓前后行头颅CT、MRI或数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查判断是否有HT,并判定这种HT与责任病灶的关系。结果溶栓后经CT或MRI检查发现4种特殊的远端HT类型,1例发生蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH),1例梗死部位的对侧出现明显占位效应的脑实质出血,1例出现梗死灶对侧的侧脑室出血,1例出现梗死部位对侧的腔隙性出血。这4例患者所引起的4类HT在临床上均为无症状,预后好。结论对急性缺血性脑卒中的溶栓治疗要坚持动态观和平衡观,对症状性出血性转化的诊断要慎重,充分考虑HT的分型和程度,从而正确判断HT对预后的影响。     

Direct access to a hospital offering intravenous thrombolysis therapy improves functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients

Referral from other hospitals is one of the primary causes of delayed thrombolysis therapy after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to evaluate whether direct access to a hospital offering intravenous thrombolysis therapy was associated with good functional outcome in AIS patients treated with thrombolysis. We enrolled patients who received intravenous thrombolysis within 3 hours of symptom onset at our stroke center. We divided these patients into two groups: those with a direct admission to our stroke center and those with indirect admission by referral from other community hospitals. We investigated onset-to-door time and onset-to-recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) time according to admission mode. We then assessed the association between a direct admission and favorable outcome at 90 days. A total of 232 patients (mean age of 66.6 years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 10) were included. A total of 48.7% of AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolytic therapy were transferred from other hospitals. Patients who were directly admitted to our stroke center had a shorter onset-to-door time (61 versus 120 minutes, p < 0.001) and onset-to-rtPA time (103 versus 155 minutes, p < 0.001) than those referred from other hospitals. Direct admission was associated with a good outcome with an odds ratio of 2.03 (95% confidence interval 1.051–3.917, p = 0.035), after adjusting for baseline variables. Thrombolysis after direct admission to a hospital offering intravenous thrombolysis therapy could shorten onset-to-rtPA time and improve stroke outcome in patients with AIS.     

Thrombolysis as a factor associated with favorable outcomes in patients with unclear‐onset stroke

Background and purpose: Clinical and radiological features of patients with unclear‐onset stroke do not differ significantly from those with known‐onset stroke. There is a lack of evidence for the safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in patients with unclear‐onset stroke. We sought to provide supportive data on the safety and efficiency of thrombolysis in patients with unclear‐onset stroke. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients with unclear‐onset stroke (<3 h of first found abnormal time) from our stroke registry. We performed following protocols for thrombolysis in patients with unclear‐onset stroke; initial conventional CT‐based intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), repeat MRI during IVT, and then decision to maintain IVT or to perform combined intra‐arterial thrombolysis. In addition, we compared clinical outcomes and safety between thrombolyzed and non‐thrombolyzed patients. Results: A total of 78 patients with unclear‐onset stroke were included. Twenty‐nine patients underwent thrombolysis. Thrombolysis (OR, 6.842; 95% CI, 1.950–24.004; P = 0.003) and baseline NIHSS (OR, 0.769; 95% CI, 0.645–0.917; P = 0.003) were associated with favorable outcomes at 3 months in multivariate logistic regression analysis. The frequency of hemorrhagic transformation and symptomatic ICH was not significantly different between the thrombolyzed and non‐thrombolyzed patients (34.4% vs. 40.7% and 10.3% vs. 8.2%, respectively). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that thrombolysis in unclear‐onset stroke could be independently associated with favorable outcomes at 3 months and that thrombolysis based on repeat imaging appears to be safely applied to patients with unclear‐onset stroke.     

Temporal Trends in Clinical Characteristics and Door-to-Needle Time in Patients Receiving Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator: A Retrospective Study of 4 Hospitals in Japan

Background: Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) has become a common treatment for acute ischemic stroke and has highly time-dependent benefits. We aimed to clarify temporal trends regarding the frequency and characteristics of patients receiving rt-PA and explore factors associated with door-to-needle time (DNT) in Japanese emergency hospitals. Methods: Consecutive patients who received intravenous rt-PA for acute ischemic stroke from October 2005 to December 2015 were retrospectively registered from 4 hospitals. Temporal trends in the frequency and characteristics of patients receiving rt-PA and factors associated with DNT were investigated. Results: A total of 750 patients, including 688 (420 men, median 75 years old) with out-of-hospital stroke, were registered. The frequency of patients receiving intravenous rt-PA for acute ischemic stroke continuously increased from 1.8% in 2005 to 9.5% in 2015. The proportion of patients who were elderly or had prestroke disability increased over time, while pretreatment stroke severity declined. The DNT gradually decreased (median 105 minutes in 2005, 61 minutes in 2015). According to multivariate regression analysis with correction for multiple comparisons, activation of a code stroke system (standardized partial regression coefficient (β) ?.50, P < .001, q < .001), onset-to-door time (β ?.15, P < .001, q < .001), pretreatment with antithrombotic agents (β .12, P < .001, q = .001), and year of treatment (β .11, P = .007, q = .011) were associated with DNT. Conclusions: Intravenous rt-PA was widely adopted in Japanese emergency hospitals. Characteristics of patients receiving intravenous rt-PA have changed over the past decade. Several factors, including the year of treatment, were associated with DNT, which has shortened over time.     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂与依达拉奉联合应用治疗超早期脑梗死

目的 研究重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)与自由基清除剂依达拉奉联合治疗超早期脑梗死的疗效.方法 89例超早期脑梗死患者随机分为单独使用rt-PA溶栓治疗组(44例)和rt-PA溶栓联合自由基清除剂依达拉奉治疗组(45例),比较治疗30 d和90 d时的美国国立卫生院卒中量表评分(NIHSS)和Barthel指数(BI).结果 单纯溶栓组与联合治疗组溶栓治疗后30 d NIHSS评分0～1分的比例分别为25.0%(11/44)和35.6%(16/45),χ2=8.259,P=0.041;90 d时分别为27.3%(12/44)和40.0%(18/45),χ2=9.158,P=0.027.两组治疗后30 d时BI为95～100的比例分别为20.5%(9/44)和33.3%(15/45),χ2=8.833,P=0.032;90 d时分别为25.0%(11/44)和37.8%(17/45),χ2=8.221,P=0.042,即两组30 d和90 d的疗效差异有统计学意义.结论 超早期脑梗死治疗时rt-PA与依达拉奉联合能够更有效地减少治疗后30 d和90 d时的神经功能缺损.     

Intravenous thrombolysis in German stroke units before and after regulatory approval of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator

BACKGROUND: Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) within 3 h after onset of focal cerebral ischemia was approved in Germany in August 2000. METHODS: 11 neurology departments with acute stroke units participated in the German Stroke Study Collaboration before (n = 2,925) and after (n = 3,204) approval of rt-PA in Germany and consecutively registered all patients admitted within 24 h following acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS: Frequency of intravenous thrombolysis in patients admitted within 24 h after symptom onset increased from 4.8% before approval to 7.9% after approval of rt-PA. Among patients treated with rtPA, age increased significantly and the delay between symptom onset and imaging was significantly shorter in the second study period. CONCLUSIONS: The observed improvement in management and quantity of intravenous thrombolysis may be explained by greater experience and greater legal security following regulatory approval of rtPA.     

Systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke: first Croatian experiences

In September 2003, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for acute treatment of ischemic stroke was finally approved by the Croatian Ministry of Health. For the next 5 years, only three stroke units in the country implemented this therapy in their routine practice until summer 2008, when neurological wards in most Croatian hospitals started to treat acute stroke patients with systemic thrombolysis. We present a 2-year experience of thrombolytic therapy (2006–2008) in the stroke unit of the University Hospital in Zagreb, Croatian largest hospital, serving nearly one-fifth of the citizens of Croatia. Obtained data (vitals at admission and before administration of rt-PA; NIHSS and MRS scores at admission, 2 h and 7th day after rt-PA treatment, “time to door” and “door to needle” intervals, duration of hospital treatment as well as outcomes and complications of our 66 thrombolysed patients) are presented and discussed. We also present our results regarding benefits of this therapy as well as possible reasons for complications noticed.     

急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓桥接血管内治疗的疗效和安全性

目的 观察rt-PA静脉溶栓桥接血管内治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床疗效和安全性。 方法 回顾性纳入2017年1-12月郑州市第一人民医院神经重症科收治的前循环急性缺血性卒中患 者,按rt-PA静脉溶栓后是否桥接血管内治疗分为单纯静脉溶栓组和桥接治疗组。主要疗效结局为治 疗后3个月mRS评分,次要疗效结局为24 h、3 d和30 d的NI HSS评分。安全性结局为2 d症状性颅内出血及 其他部位出血、10 d全因死亡。 结果 共入组56例患者,平均年龄60.77±12.72岁,男性35例（62.5%）。单纯静脉溶栓组39例,桥接 治疗组17例。桥接治疗组3个月mRS评分≤2分比例高于单纯静脉溶栓组（88.2% vs 56.4%,P =0.021）。 两组治疗后24 h、3 d和30 d NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义。两组2 d症状性颅内出血率及其他部位出血 率、10 d全因死亡率差异无统计学意义。 结论 rt-PA静脉溶栓桥接血管内治疗可改善急性缺血性卒中患者3个月预后。     

不同剂量rt-PA静脉治疗急性缺血性卒中临床分析

目的 重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（reconstructive tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA）在静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中时,美国食品药品管理局（food and drug administration,FDA）批准剂量为0.9mg/kg（总量≤90mg）,国内亦有应用剂量0.6～0.8mg/kg（总量50mg）。本试验拟探讨两种剂量rt-PA的疗效及安全性。方法 纳入急性缺血性卒中患者30例,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（N ati o n a l I n sti tu te s of Health Stroke Scale NIHSS）评分2～26分,发病时间0.5～6h,无溶栓禁忌证。随机分为两组：rt-PA0.6～0.8mg/kg（总量50mg）组（A组）和0.9mg/kg组（B组）。比较两组治疗前、治疗后24h及14d的NIHSS评分改善率（≥4分）及颅内出血率、死亡率。结果 两组治疗前的基本资料无统计学差异,NIHSS评分平均为10.17分。B组治疗后14d NIHSS评分改善率明显优于A组（86.67% vs 53.3%,P <0.05）。两组发生颅内出血的比例均为6%。两组死亡病例均为非出血性病变,A组死亡率略高于B组,但无统计学差异（26.67% vs 20%,P =0.67）。结论 rt-PA 0.9mg/kg剂量疗效优于0.6～0.8mg/kg剂量,并未增加颅内出血并发症及死亡率,该溶栓剂量同样适用于国人。     

Thrombolysis in patients with lacunar stroke is safe: an observational study

Research suggests that the etiology of lacunar stroke is different from that of other stroke subtypes. This could imply an altered response to thrombolysis, but data concerning the efficacy of rt-PA in lacunar stroke is limited and inconsistent. From our prospectively collected stroke database, we identified patients with an MRI-confirmed purely lacunar stroke that were treated in our Stroke Unit between 2004 and 2011. We compared both the clinical course (NIHSS, deterioration, mRS at 3 months) and the MRI findings between patients who either received or did not receive rt-PA. In comparison to patients who obtained standard medical care (n = 468), acute lacunar stroke patients treated with rt-PA (n = 69) were more severely affected on admission (median NIHSS of 5 vs. 3; p < 0.001) and presented less frequently with a lacunar syndrome (74 vs. 88 %; p = 0.003). The clinical course was more favorable in patients treated with rt-PA (median NIHSS improvement of 3 vs. 1; p < 0.001), while functional deficit after 3 months was similar in both groups (median mRS of 2; p = 0.211). Overall complication rates did not differ significantly between the two groups, but while we did not detect symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, hemorrhagic transformation was more frequent in thrombolyzed patients (11.6 vs. 1.9 %; p = 0.001). Patients with acute lacunar stroke benefited from thrombolysis without additional complications. Thus, patients with suspected acute lacunar stroke or lacunar syndrome should not be treated differently than other stroke populations.     

提高急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓有效性和安全性的研究进展

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator alteplase,rt-PA)是目前急性缺血性卒中时间窗内静脉溶栓最有效的治疗药物,然而,静脉溶栓也伴随着出血转化、症状性颅内出血风险的增加,导致患者预后不良,甚至死亡。因此,研究静脉溶栓治疗及预后的影响因素,提高静脉溶栓治疗的有效性及安全性,对急性缺血性卒中患者的预后有着重大意义。     

静脉和动脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中

目的 评估静脉和动脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的有效性和安全性.方法 采用前瞻性、开放性临床病例研究,对北京世纪坛医院神经内科自2005年5月至2009年2月收治的发病3h内的40例颈内动脉系统急性缺血性卒中患者使用重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)行静脉和动脉联合溶栓治疗,并就患者预后良好比例、症状性颅内出血发生率、病死率等与国外多个大样本试验研究结果进行比较.结果 静脉溶栓治疗后行DSA显示25％(10/40)未见血管闭塞,7.5％(3/40)有严重血管狭窄(颈内动脉2例,大脑中动脉1例),67.5％(27/40)发现血管闭塞(颈内动脉9例,大脑中动脉18例).其中24例于发病后180～390 min[平均(304±61)min]开始联合动脉溶栓治疗,血管再通率(TICI分级2或3级)为79.2％(19/24).再梗死发生率为7.5％(3/40).3个月时预后良好(mRS评分0～2分)比例为60％(24/40),与NINDS试验安慰剂组[27.2％(85/312)]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);预后良好(NIHSS评分≤1)比例为52.5％(21/40),与NINDS试验rt-PA组[31％(97/312)]、安慰剂组[20％(62/312)]和IMS[27.5％(22/80)]比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);症状性颅内出血发生率为2.5％(1/40),病死率为10％(4/40),与NINDS试验rt-PA组、安慰剂组、EMS和IMS比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 静脉和动脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中,可提供更高的血管再通率,可明显改善患者的预后,是一种安全、有效的新方法.     

Feasibility and safety of remote radiology interpretation with telephone consultation for acute stroke in Thailand

"Telestroke" is emerging as a potential timesaving, efficient means for evaluating patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke. It provides an opportunity for administration of thrombolytic drugs within the short therapeutic time window associated with AIS. We describe our experiences of the feasibility and safety of remote radiology interpretation with telephone consultation. Thammasat Stroke Center employs a computed tomography-digital imaging and communication in medicine (CT-DICOM) image transfer by PACS (SYNAPSE-Fujifilm), providing a real-time CT image transferred directly to the stroke consultants. The patient data are communicated by traditional telephone conversation. Here, we assessed patients who received intravenous rt-PA treatment for ASI between October 2007 and January 2009. A total of 458 patients with AIS and transient ischemic attack (TIA) were admitted to a stroke unit during the study period. One hundred patients received intravenous rt-PA (21%). Median NIHSS before thrombolysis was 15 (3-34). Mean door-to-needle time was 54 minutes (15-125). Mean onset-to-treatment time OTT was 160 minutes (60-270). There were 13 asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages and two (one fatal) symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages. At 3 months, 42 patients had achieved excellent recovery (mRS, 0-1) and 14 had died. Administration of rt-PA for AIS with remote radiology interpretation with telephone consultation was feasible and safe, and the system was well received. Further studies are needed to determine the benefit of this method as compared to the conventional telephone consultation alone.