不同注意偏移和言语材料对耳优势影响的初步分析

对５５名健康被试在：（１）无注意偏移，（２）注意右偏，（３）注意左偏等三种注意条件下进行了下述３项言语分听测验；１．分离语测验，２。数字测验，３．有鲜明形象意义词汇测验。分析了不同注意偏移和言语材料对耳优优势的影响，认为注意右偏可加强分听言语材料时的右耳优势，左偏可减弱右耳优势，不同言语材料获得耳优势的结果不同。     

缺氧对右心室最大心肌血流量的影响

缺氧对右心室最大心肌血流量的影响第三军医大学病理生理教研室（重庆６３００３８）谢增柱刘福玉黄庆愿罗刚张国斌本文观察急性缺氧对右心室心肌最大血流量变化，以期了解冠状贮备能力变化。４４只大鼠分三组：１．常氧对照组（ｎ＝１４只）；２．急性缺氧组（ｎ＝１６只...     

肝门阻断对远隔脏器的影响

肝门阻断对远隔脏器的影响为研究肝门阻断对远隔脏器的影响，将３０只实验家兔随机分成４组：假手术对照组（Ｓ组，ｎ＝１０）；全肝门阻断加再灌组（Ｄ组，ｎ＝１０）；全肝门阻断无再灌组（Ｎ组，ｎ＝１０）；部分肝门阻断加再灌组（Ｌ组，ｎ＝５）。分别检测血及组织中...     

急性高原反应与个性心理特征的关系

本文对某部４７名士兵进行了艾森克个性问卷测验，然后跟随部队进驻海拔５２００米某边防哨卡随访。结果：重症高原反应组（ｎ＝１４）Ｎ量表分显著高于轻症高原反应组（ｎ＝３３）；重症高原反应组情绪大多不稳定或倾向不稳定，轻症高原反应组情绪均稳定或倾向稳定。作者认为用艾森克个性问卷和森克个性理论对急性高原反应“易感”人群的预测有重要意义。     

右室快速起博犬心室扩张及其逆转时心肌胶原和心功能的变化

目的和方法：观察犬心室扩张和逆转时心肌胶原含量、Ⅰ／Ⅲ比值变化及其对心功能的影响。１７只家犬，随机分为：（１）持续起搏（ＰＣ组，ｎ＝６）组，以２５０次／ｍｉｎ频率起搏４周。（２）恢复（ＲＣ组，ｎ＝６）组，持右室快速起搏４周停止起搏，恢复４周。（３）假手术（ＳＯ组，ｎ＝５）组。ＰＣ、ＲＧ组分别于起搏和恢复４周后，ＳＯ组于假手术１周后进行血流动力学、超声心动图以及心肌胶原检测；以羟脯氨酸法测定心肌胶原     

血管成形术后平滑肌细胞癌基因产物Fos及热休克蛋白—70的表达及…

目的：研究血管成形术后平滑肌细胞中Ｆｏｓ、热休克蛋白－７０的表达及意义。方法：将１０只新西兰家兔随机分为正常对照组（血管数为ｎ＝４），血管成形术组（ｎ＝８），血管成形术＋低分子量肝素组（ｎ＝８），以２Ｆ ＰＴＣＡ导管对两侧髂动脉进行血管成形术，术后１小时、２小时部分平滑肌细胞阳性，２小时表达增多；正常动脉内热休克蛋白－７０位于平滑肌细胞胞浆内，血管成形术后１、２小时平滑肌细胞核呈阳性；血管成形术＋     

哮喘豚鼠IL—5,IL—3,GM—CSF mRNA表达及雷公藤内？…

目的 研究ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－３、ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ在哮喘发病中的作用及雷公藤的干预。方法 将实验豚鼠随机分为：①哮喘组（ｎ＝８）；用卵蛋白雾化吸入诱导哮喘模型；②处理组（ｎ＝８）：用雷公藤内酯醇腹腔注射处理哮喘模型；③正常对照组（ｎ＝８）。制备ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－３和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ ｃＤＮＡ探针，用斑点印迹杂交法检测以上三组豚鼠支气管肺组织ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－３和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ ｍＲＮＡ的表达。结果 哮喘豚鼠支气管肺     

芬太尼静脉麻醉下血浆cAMP、cGMP水平的变化

目的：测定芬太尼静脉麻醉对血浆ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ含量的影响。方法：应用微量输液泵对３３例行择期上腹部手术病人诱导后持续恒定静脉内输入芬太尼，３组剂量分别为：Ⅰ组２５（μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｈ－１，ｎ＝１２）；Ⅱ组５（μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｈ－１，ｎ＝１３）；Ⅲ组７５（μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｈ－１，ｎ＝８），芬太尼静脉输入到手术缝皮后停止。分诱导前（Ｔ１）、气管插管后（Ｔ２）、手术７０ｍｎ时（Ｔ３）、术终（Ｔ４）４次采静脉血，用放射免疫法测定ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ含量。结果：插管后、手术７０ｍｉｎ时及术终与术前比较ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ的含量均无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）；组间比较Ｔ４时段ｃＡＭＰ值Ⅲ组较Ⅰ组，ｃＧＭＰ值Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较Ⅰ组有显著性降低（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：芬太尼可有效地抑制血浆ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ的含量升高。     

小管间质肌成纤维细胞激活对大鼠残余肾硬化的影响

目的：本文研究５／６肾大部切除大鼠肾小管间质肌成纤维细胞（ｍｙｏｆｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔ，ＭＦＢ）标记性抗原，α－平滑肌肌动蛋白（α－ｓｍｏｏｔｈ ｍｕｓｃｌｅ ａｃｔｉｎ，α－ＳＭＡ）免疫组化表达及其意义。方法：成年雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠（６－８周龄，２００－２５０ｇ）随机分成两组：１．假手术（ｓｈａｍ，ｎ＝５）ｍ，；２，ＳＸｎ 组（ｎ＝５）。     

注意缺陷多动障碍临床亚型持续性注意力的比较

目的：比较注意缺陷多动障碍不同临床亚型儿童持续性注意力的差异。方法：符合DSM—Ⅳ注意缺陷多动障碍的90名儿童，分为注意缺陷为主型（ADHD—PI；44例）、多动-冲动为主型（ADHD—HI；14例）、混合型（ADHD—CT；36例），对3组患儿进行视听整合持续性操作测试，对视觉和听觉持续性注意力进行组间比较。结果：混合型和注意缺陷为主型的持续性注意力低于多动-冲动型，差异有统计学意义。结论：持续性注意力的损害以混合型最重，多动-冲动为主型最轻。     

Effects of exposure to hot environments on total and regional blood flow in the brain and spinal cord of the sheep

Summary In conscious adult sheep, normal blood flow rate (ml 100 g^–1 min^–1) differed markedly in different regions of the brain and spinal cord. In mild heat stress there was no significant change in total or regional blood flow in the brain or spinal cord. In severe heat stress body temperature increased at a rate of approximately 2°C per hour, until a total change of approximately 2.4°C had occurred. Vigorous panting resulted in severe respiratory alkalosis. Brain and spinal cord blood flow declined to approximately 70% of control levels, the change being greatest in the pons and medulla oblongata and least in the cerebellum. It is suggested that a much greater fall in blood flow was prevented by a stimulatory effect of increased body temperature counteracting depressant effects of hypocapnia and possibly other factors. There does not appear to be any blood flow through arteriovenous anastomoses in the brain. Oxygen consumption by the cerebral hemispheres either remained unchanged or decreased slightly.     

血液流变学改变在创伤性脑梗塞发病中的意义

作者检测了47例创伤性脑梗塞病人治疗前的血液流变学,并与治愈好转后和正常对照组比较,在所有十项指标中,除血沉外,其余均有非常显著的差异(P0.05).这个结果提示,创伤性脑梗塞病人发病时血液处于高粘滞度状态.认为脑创伤后血液流变学改变可能是此病发生的一个因素.并对其临床特点产生的机理做了探讨.     

外伤性脑梗死17例观察

目的观察外伤性脑梗死的形态学特点,并探讨其发病机制。方法在81例重型脑外伤标本中,选出17例伴脑梗死脑行肉眼、光镜观察。结果(1)全部外伤性脑梗死病变均为出血性,切面呈楔形、类楔状或不规则形,分别位于枕回(8例)、枕部楔叶回(3例)、基底核及其周围(3例)、扣带回(2例)及枕颞外侧回(1例)等部位。镜下表现为淤血、水肿及围管性出血,病变从皮、髓质交界区开始,逐渐累及全皮层及蛛网膜下腔,出血灶融合成片,尚见血栓形成、神经组织和血管坏死。(2)脑肿胀,全部均有脑疝形成,其中8例见大脑后动脉被压在钩回与大脑脚之间,动脉受挤压变扁。结论外伤性脑梗死系外伤后引起脑水肿、脑疝形成并压迫血管,引起局部(静脉)淤血、出血及(动脉)流人血量减少,导致组织坏死。     

Theoretical limits on brain cooling by external head cooling devices

Numerous experimental studies have demonstrated that mild hypothermia is a rather promising therapy for acute brain injury in neonates. Because measurement of the resultant cooling of human brain in vivo is beyond current technology, an understanding of physical factors limiting the possible brain cooling would be a substantial achievement. Herein brain cooling by external head cooling devices is studied within the framework of an analytical model of temperature distribution in the brain. Theoretical limits on brain hypothermia induced by such devices are established. Analytical expressions are obtained that allow evaluation of changes in brain temperature under the influence of measurable input parameters. We show that a mild hypothermia can be successfully induced in neonates only if two necessary conditions are fulfilled: sufficiently low cerebral blood flow and sufficiently high value of the heat transfer coefficient describing the heat exchange between the head surface and a cooling device.     

The distribution and exchange of brain calcium in vivo in the rat

Summary Calcium exhibits a heterogenous distribution among the various brain areas studied. The pituitary gland contains 25.97 meq./kg of wet tissue, followed by the pons containing 9.91 meq. and the hypothalamus 5.35 meq. The calcium content in the other areas is as follows: 4.23 meq. in medulla, 4.0 meq. in cerebral white matter, 3.60 meq. in cerebellum and about 3.0 meq./kg of wet tissue in the cerebral cortex. No difference in calcium concentration was found between the right and left corresponding brain areas.The distribution of brain calcium between the extracellular and cellular compartments was derived, and indicates that the concentration of cellular calcium is several-fold that in the extracellular space.Three hours after intraperitoneal injection of ⁴⁷Ca Cl₂, the maximum uptake of ⁴⁷Ca was reached in all tissues except the pituitary gland where maximum uptake occurred 1 h after injection. The radioactive calcium in the brain was resolved into two components: A fast component having a short half time ranging between 0.5 and 4.25 h and a relatively slow component having a half time of 4.5–18 h.In the pituitary gland, pons, hypothalamus and medulla the calcium exchanges partially with serum calcium whereas, in cerebellum, cerebral cortex and white matter of cerebrum, tissue calcium is completely exchangeable.     

脑缺血后适应脑保护的研究进展

近年的研究发现,心梗病人血运重建后的头几分钟多次阻塞、再灌注,便可获得与缺血预适应(ischemic preconditioning,IP)相同的效果,即缺血后适应(ischemic postconditioning,PC),类似于动物心脏研究所见.由此断定,缺血PC是一种在方法上与IP完全不同,但效果基本一致的细胞保护措施.缺血PC的发现提示:机体缺血状态下,内部天然内源性保护机制的激活对机体的抗损伤反应具有特殊的生物学意义[1].     

大鼠皮质N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体在脑损伤后的时相变化

目的；观测Ｎ－甲基－Ｄ－天冬氨酸（ＮＭＤＡ）受体在脑损伤后的变化规律以及与继发性脑水肿发生和发展的关系。方法：用放射性配基结合分析法对伤后不同时间的大鼠伤侧大脑皮质ＮＭＤＡ受体活性进行测定干湿法测伤后伤测皮质水含量。     

自噬在创伤性脑损伤中的作用

自噬(autophagy)是真核细胞在营养与能量缺乏情况下,通过分解亚细胞成分提供生物合成原料,使蛋白质和细胞器得以循环利用的一种降解代谢途径,同时调控线粒体更新及过氧化物酶体等,从而维持细胞稳态.     

缺血后适应对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤的影响

目的：探讨缺血后适应对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤的影响。方法:应用线栓法制作大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤模型；21只雄性SD大鼠随机分为缺血/再灌注组、夹闭单侧颈总动脉后处理组和夹闭双侧颈总动脉后处理组，每组7只。再灌注48 h，测定脑梗死体积；拔栓后1 h及处死大鼠前进行神经功能测定；梗死即刻、梗死后10 min、术中1 h、拔栓后即刻、每次夹/松颈总动脉时、干预后30 min等15个时点监测脑血流。结果:夹闭单侧、双侧颈总动脉后处理组大鼠脑组织梗死体积与缺血/再灌注组相比明显减小，有显著差异；3组脑血流各个时点方差分析差异无显著，但是夹闭双侧颈总动脉后处理组干预30 min后脑血流百分比较缺血/再灌注组、夹闭单侧颈总动脉后处理组降低9％。手术后1 h 3组神经功能评分P<0.05，差异显著，夹闭单侧、双侧颈总动脉后处理组神经功能缺损均比缺血/再灌注组减轻。结论:缺血后适应能够明显减小梗塞体积，改善大鼠术后1h神经功能评分，可能与缺血后适应调节早期再灌注时血流动力学状态有关。     

Teaching the Virtual Brain

As a complex three-dimensional organ, the inside of a human brain is difficult to properly visualize. Magnetic Resonance Imaging provides an accurate model of the brain of a patient, but its medical or educational analysis as a set of flat slices is not enough to fully grasp its internal structure. A virtual reality application has been developed to generate a complete three-dimensional model based on MRI data, which users can explore internally through random planar cuts and color cluster isolation. An indexed vertex triangulation algorithm has been designed to efficiently display large amounts of complex three-dimensional vertex clusters in simple mobile devices. Feedback from students suggests that the resulting application satisfactorily complements theoretical lectures, as virtual reality allows them to better observe different structures within the human brain.