Extending the search pattern in computed tomography

Computed tomography has made new demands upon the traditional search patterns used by radiologists. These demands reflect not only the novel orientation of the images, being a series of axial slices, but also increased detail shown on the films. The scope for macropathological correlation with the image has also increased. Review areas are suggested which are pertinent to interpretation of the scans.     

靶标诱导变构解离SELEX技术筛选皮质醇特异核酸适体

目的通过指数富集配体系统进化（SELEX）技术获得皮质醇特异性核酸适体,建立高品质、超敏、易用和稳定的皮质醇检测试剂盒。方法人工合成两端固定序列,中间为35 bp随机序列,生成80 bp长度ssDNA文库,捕获序列固定在磁珠上,文库与其退火组装,皮质醇的特异核酸适体通过我们建立的靶标诱导变构解离SELEX（TISSD-SELEX）技术获得。最后一轮的PCR产物经克隆测序,MegAlign和RNAstructure软件分析其一级和二级结构。实时（real-time）apta-PCR方法分析G12的亲和活性。结果经过12轮筛选后,获得10个皮质醇的核酸适体。序列分析显示,特异核酸适体以高G含量核酸序列为主,软件预测其中8个序列主要以G四联体二级结构为主,候选核酸适体G12显示了可以作为生物探针用于皮质醇检测。结论成功建立TISSD-SELEX技术,获得小分子靶标皮质醇核酸适体。小分子靶标无需将其偶联在固相介质或大分子上,对靶分子结构、性质无特殊要求,因而有望成为小分子靶标核酸适体筛选的通用技术方法。     

围手术期不同抗凝药物对高龄股骨粗隆间骨折隐性失血和深静脉血栓的影响分析

目的目的分析比较高龄股骨粗隆间骨折围手术期使用不同抗凝药物对隐性失血和深静脉血栓的影响。方法回顾性分析我科2002年1月～2011年1月采取股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNA）治疗的82例股骨粗隆间骨折患者资料。按照抗凝药物分为两组,对照组（33例）围手术期每天给予阿司匹林100mg口服,试验组（49例）围手术期每天给予低分子肝素4 250U皮下注射。使用Gross方程,计算围手术期失血量。结果对照组和试验组隐性出血量分别为（153.12±7.18）ml、（109.19±10.81）ml,P〈0.05,差异有统计学意义;两组患者下肢深静脉血栓发生率分别为6.06%和6.12%,无统计学差异。结论股骨粗隆间骨折应用低分子肝素对患者隐性失血影响较小,合理选用抗凝药物有利于减少围手术期失血量。     

噬菌体φ29末端酶大亚基gp16特异RNA适体的筛选

目的：筛选噬菌体φ29末端酶大亚基gpl6特异结合RNA适体。方法：采用SELEX技术，以微扎板为固定介质，在由25个碱基组成的随机区的RNA文库中进行筛选。结果与结论：经9轮筛选获得与gpl6特异结合的RNA适体，结合百分数从未经筛选的14.4％增加到第9轮的37．8％。测序结果大致分为5个家族。其二级结构多呈茎环或凸环结构。抑制性适体的筛选正在进行中。     

Repeatability of lifetime exercise reporting

The purpose of the study was to determine the reliability of lifetime exercise data obtained through a structured interview. Interviews were conducted in 1992-1993 and repeated in 1997 in 150 monozygotic male twins, aged 35-69 years, from the population-based Finnish Twin Cohort. Exercise mode, frequency, duration, intensity and period of participation were solicited for each regularly performed exercise from 12 years of age to the present. Questions related to the most common exercise mode reported in the initial interview were repeated in all subjects and the entire exercise interview was repeated in a subgroup of 38 subjects. The repeatability was highest for exercise years and mean hours/ week by mode for the most commonly performed exercise (Mean ICC=0.63-0.90), and for the sum of all lifetime exercises reported (Mean ICC = 0.69-0.73). The lowest repeatability was found for exercise intensity (Mean Kappa = 0.33-0.48). Similarly poor reliability was found for whether or not exercise was performed at a competitive level (Mean Kappa = 0.25-0.63). Overall, the structured interview of lifetime exercise was most repeatable for years of exercise and mean hours/week. Thus, these exposure variables should be considered in retrospective studies of exercise effects.     

Extending STR markers in Y chromosome haplotypes

Two multiplex reactions were developed to amplify 16 Y-STRs (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389 I and II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, GATA A7.1, GATA A7.2, GATA A10, GATA C4, GATA H4). Here we extend previous population studies done in a sample from northern Portugal for the GATA A7.1, GATA A7.2, GATA C4 and GATA H4 loci. A total of 199 different haplotypes identified by the 16 Y-STR markers were observed in a sample of 208 male individuals, of which 190 were unique and 9 were found twice. The overall haplotype diversity was 0.9996. The haplotype diversity of the Y-STR set composed of the 8 new markers is higher than the Y-STR core set included in the Y-STR haplotype reference database. Sequence structure of new alleles for GATA C4 and GATA H4 is reported. The usefulness of the inclusion of this new set of Y-STRs in forensic casework was also assessed. The increase in haplotype diversity with the addition of any new Y-STR marker to the 8 Y-STR core set is dependent not only on the gene diversity (positively) but also (negatively) on the degree of gametic association between the markers and the haplotypes previously defined. For instance, in our sample the addition of the DYS437, DYS438 and GATA A7.2 to a 13-locus set increased haplotype diversity only by 0.0001.     

Update on anticoagulant medications for the interventional radiologist

For many years, available anticoagulant medications were limited to vitamin K antagonists, unfractionated heparin, and aspirin. However, in the past 20 years, several new agents have been developed for the treatment of thrombosis, and even more are being developed. This increasing number of medications has led to more specific treatment algorithms for the care of venous and arterial thrombotic events. As more agents become available, treatment guidelines are rapidly changing. With increasing frequency, interventional radiologists encounter patients already taking anticoagulant medications prophylactically or therapeutically, or they need to determine which anticoagulant medications need to be initiated for a particular procedure. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to understand the mechanisms, risks, and benefits of anticoagulant medications. A review of the traditional anticoagulants, their new counterparts, and their places in the medication repertoire of interventional radiology will be discussed herein.     

病理类型特异的卵巢癌组织适配子的鉴定

目的鉴定经组织切片消减SELEX筛选获得的4条候选适配子对不同类型卵巢癌组织的识别特性。方法公司合成、荧光素修饰候选适配子,利用免疫荧光实验对筛选获得的适配子候选序列进行鉴定。结果免疫荧光实验证明,适配子OC-10-19和OC-10-36能够特异识别卵巢浆液性乳头状囊腺癌,且OC-10-36还能够对早期的不典型增生进行识别,另2条适配子OC-10-10和OC-10-37仅识别个别的卵巢浆液性囊腺癌。结论成功筛选获得识别不同类型卵巢癌组织的特异适配子,为适配子用于不同病理类型标志物的鉴定、临床辅助诊断等提供了理论基础。     

Analysis of chromosome aberrations in nuclear-power-plant workers considering the lifetime of lymphocytes

PURPOSE: To analyse chromosome aberrations in nuclear-power-plant workers taking account of the mean lifetime of lymphocytes (MLTL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of chromosome aberrations was performed on peripheral lymphocytes from 395 nuclear-power-plant workers and 135 controls. An equivalent acute dose (EAD) was calculated utilizing MLTL values of either 4.3 or 10 years. RESULTS: Using an MLTL value of 10 years produced an EAD range of 0.O1 mSv -182mSv(mean 46.6mSv), while using an MLTL, of 4.3 years produced results ranging from 0.01 mSv to 86.2 mSv (mean 23.4 mSv). A significant increase of chromosome-type exchange by the equivalent acute dose was observed using an MLTL of either 10 or 4.3 years when including the control in the analysis, but a significant increase was not seen when only the exposed was considered. A significant increase of chromosome-type deletion by EAD was seen even when only the exposed group was considered. CONCLUSIONS: EAD values based on an MLTL of either 4.3 or 10 years, as well as cumulative dose, showed no significant association with chromosome aberrations, when radiation workers only were analysed. The narrow dose range examined in this study might have contributed to this finding.     

Analysis of chromosome aberrations in nuclear-power-plant workers considering the lifetime of lymphocytes

Purpose : To analyse chromosome aberrations in nuclear-power-plant workers taking account of the mean lifetime of lymphocytes (MLTL). Materials and methods : Analysis of chromosome aberrations was performed on peripheral lymphocytes from 395 nuclear-power-plant workers and 135 controls. An equivalent acute dose (EAD) was calculated utilizing MLTL values of either 4.3 or 10 years. Results : Using an MLTL value of 10 years produced an EAD range of 0.01 mSv - 182 mSv (mean 46.6 mSv), while using an MLTL of 4.3 years produced results ranging from 0.01 mSv to 86.2 mSv (mean 23.4 mSv). A significant increase of chromosome-type exchange by the equivalent acute dose was observed using an MLTL of either 10 or 4.3 years when including the control in the analysis, but a significant increase was not seen when only the exposed was considered. A significant increase of chromosome-type deletion by EAD was seen even when only the exposed group was considered. Conclusions : EAD values based on an MLTL of either 4.3 or 10 years, as well as cumulative dose, showed no significant association with chromosome aberrations, when radiation workers only were analysed. The narrow dose range examined in this study might have contributed to this finding.     

Haemorrhage in the labyrinth caused by anticoagulant therapy: case report

We report a patient who experienced a severe vertiginous episode with bilateral tinnitus and progressive right-sided hearing loss. She had Marfan's disease and was on anticoagulant treatment. The fluid in the labyrinth gave higher signal than cerebrospinal fluid on T1-weighted images, suggesting haemorrhage. The radiological follow-up is discussed. Received: 11 June 1998 Accepted: 5 November 1998     

A lifetime of fitness. Exercise in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal woman

The peri- and postmenopausal woman experiences physiologic changes of aging that include alterations in hormone levels. Research has shown that the perimenopausal and postmenopausal woman can benefit significantly from exercise, whether endurance or strength training. Exercise can improve the quality of life and attenuate some of the physiologic changes associated with aging. Additionally, exercise can ameliorate the decline in fitness and bone, prevent chronic disease, and promote functional independence. Women who exercise regularly throughout life are physiologically 20 to 30 years younger than their sedentary counterparts. Fitness is a lifetime endeavor that has many positive benefits. Weightbearing activities are especially important as bone loss increases in the perimenopausal phase of life. Women should perform aerobic exercise 3 to 7 days per week for 15 to 60 minutes at 65% to 70% HRreserve. Strengthening exercises should be done 2 to 3 days per week at 40% to 80% 1RM with appropriately selected exercises. An exercise program should be functional and enjoyable. There is no better motivation to exercise than having a partner to work out with and keep the motivation alive. Most important, age itself is not a deterrent to exercise.     

反义寡核苷酸抑制肝癌细胞血管内皮生长因子的表达

目的：研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)反义寡核苷酸(ODN)对人肝癌细胞系VEGF表达的抑制作用，探讨肝癌基因治疗的新方法。方法：人肝癌细胞系SMMC7721能表达VFGF，采用人工合成反义、正义ODN分别作用于SMMC7721细胞，RT—RCR、流式细胞仪比较各处理组VFGF mRNA及其蛋白的表达变化情况。结果：VEGF RT—PCR扩增条带的图像分析平均灰度值显示，反义组为0．4379，正义组为0．7367，对照组为0．7462。流式细胞仪分析VFGF蛋白表达率，反义组为17．2％，正义组为31．8％，对照组为31．2％。结论：反义ODN能够抑制人肝癌细胞的表达，其有望成为抗肝癌的新一代基因治疗药物。     

心脏瓣膜置换术后抗凝栓塞并发症研究

目的对心脏瓣膜置换手术后应用华法林抗凝出现栓塞并发症的情况进行随访,分析不同瓣膜置换及心房颤动对栓塞并发症发生情况的影响。方法对2012年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间于青岛大学附属医院心血管外科出院的行心脏瓣膜置换术的888例患者进行随访,记录其服用抗凝药物、出现栓塞并发症及病死的情况。根据置换瓣膜及心房颤动发生情况分为机械瓣组(机械瓣伴心房颤动组、机械瓣无心房颤动组)、生物瓣组(生物瓣伴心房颤动组、生物瓣无心房颤动组)、心房颤动组及无心房颤动组,统计各组患者栓塞并发症人次,计算并比较栓塞发生率(%/年)。结果完成随访患者共803例,随访率90.43%,排除31例术后院内病死患者,共纳入772例患者,随访2 590.59人年(0.18~5.00人年)。纳入患者总栓塞并发症26人次(1.00%/年)。机械瓣组栓塞13人次(1.08%/年),生物瓣组栓塞13人次(0.94%/年),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。机械瓣伴心房颤动组栓塞8人次(1.57%/年),生物瓣伴心房颤动组栓塞10人次(2.12%/年),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。心房颤动组栓塞18人次(1.83%/年),无心房颤动组栓塞8人次(0.50%/年),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。机械瓣伴心房颤动组栓塞8人次(1.57%/年),机械瓣无心房颤动组栓塞5人次(0.72%/年),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。生物瓣伴心房颤动组栓塞10人次(2.12%/年),生物瓣无心房颤动组栓塞3人次(0.33%/年),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论机械瓣与生物瓣在瓣膜置换术后对患者栓塞的发生率无明显影响,但对于合并心房颤动患者,栓塞发生率高。