维胺酯对HaCaT细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的 探讨维胺酯对体外培养角质形成细胞(HaCaT细胞)增殖和分化的影响.方法 将浓度为2,5,10,15,20,25,30 μg/mL的维胺酯作用于培养的HaCaT细胞,采用MTT法检测维胺酯对HaCaT细胞体外增殖的影响,流式细胞仪测定细胞周期及凋亡率变化,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)半定量检测分化标记物角蛋白10及内披蛋白mRNA的表达水平.结果 2 μg/mL维胺酯处理的HaCaT细胞,48 h时表现出对细胞增殖的抑制作用,随着时间延长和药物剂量加大,抗增殖作用愈明显;当药物质量浓度达到30 μg/mL时,48 h和72 h时的抑制率分别为57.67%和82.00%.与对照组相比,经维胺酯作用48 h后,细胞G₁期比例显著增加,S期与G₂期比例则显著下降,并可抑制G₁/G₂期转换,但对细胞凋亡无影响.细胞内披蛋白mRNA表达水平随维胺酯处理浓度增高而上升,药物浓度达30μg/mL时,表达水平由对照组的40.80%增高至156.12%;而角蛋白10 mRNA表达水平则下降,由96.46%降至14.60%.结论 维胺酯具有抑制角质形成细胞增殖及诱导其分化的作用.     

miR-145对人角质形成细胞系HaCaT细胞增殖、凋亡和细胞周期的影响

目的 研究miR-145对人角质形成细胞系HaCaT细胞增殖、细胞周期及凋亡的调控效应。 方法化学合成miR-145的模拟物,采用瞬时转染的方法过表达miR-145。采用实时PCR方法检测miR-145的表达。MTS方法检测过表达miR-145对HaCaT细胞增殖的影响。流式细胞仪分析过表达miR-145对细胞周期及凋亡的影响。采用荧光素酶实验,实时PCR和Western印迹鉴定NRAS是否为miR-145的靶基因。 结果 与阴性对照（NC）mimics转染组相比,miR-145 mimics转染组miR-145表达水平上调（85.00 ± 1.21）倍,两组差异有统计学意义（t = 115.90,P < 0.001）。转染miR-145 mimics有抑制HaCaT细胞的增殖作用（F = 8.76,P = 0.008）;转染后的时间因素（24、48、72、96 h）对细胞有影响（F = 17.85,P < 0.001）,转染mimics和培养时间之间不存在交互作用（F = 1.21,P = 0.18）。与NC mimics转染组相比,miR-145 mimics转染组的早期凋亡、晚期凋亡细胞比例均明显增加,差异有统计学意义（18.9% ± 4.1%比4.3% ± 1.2%,t = 7.126,P < 0.01;9.3% ± 2.3%比3.6% ± 1.6%,t = 12.38,P < 0.01）。与NC mimics转染组相比,miR-145 mimics转染组HaCaT细胞的G2及S期细胞比例均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（6.26% ± 1.2%比19.36% ± 3.45%,t =7.610,P = 0.017;7.91% ± 1.3%比18.56% ± 5.23%,t = 7.230,P = 0.019）,而处于G1期的细胞比例升高,差异也有统计学意义（85.83% ± 5.2%比62.08% ± 6.23%,t = 11.78,P = 0.007）。与NC mimics联合psi-CHECK2-NRAS-wild组相比,在293T细胞中共转染miR-145 mimics和psi-CHECK2-NRAS-wild质粒,其荧光素酶值明显下降,miR-145可抑制含NRAS mRNA 3′UTR报告基因的荧光素酶表达（t = 11.09,P = 0.008）;而将NRAS mRNA 3′UTR报告基因上miR-145的结合位点进行突变后,转染miR-145 mimics对含NRAS mRNA 3′UTR报告基因的荧光素酶表达无明显的影响（P > 0.05）。实时PCR和Western印迹结果表明,过表达miR-145 mimics后,NRAS mRNA表达水平未出现明显变化（P > 0.05）,对NRAS蛋白水平的表达有明显的抑制（1.52 ± 0.07比0.20 ± 0.02,t = 28.43,P < 0.01）。 结论 miR-145可能通过NRAS影响HaCaT细胞的周期从而抑制细胞的增殖,同时促进HaCaT细胞的凋亡。     

鳄梨油和橄榄油对HaCaT细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的 探讨天然植物鳄梨油和橄榄油对HaCaT细胞系增殖及分化的影响。方法 将培养的HaCaT细胞分为鳄梨油组、橄榄油组及对照组。应用MTT实验确定鳄梨油和橄榄油对HaCaT细胞的适用剂量。以免疫细胞化学、免疫斑点印迹技术分别检测各组HaCaT细胞的c-myc原癌基因（c-myc）、有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶（MAPK）、NF-κB、丝聚蛋白、内披蛋白、角蛋白10的表达。结果 对照组c-myc、MAPK、NF-κB免疫化学反应的扫描灰度均值（GSM）分别为101.9 ± 8.9、91.4 ± 5.1、94.3 ± 7.0,鳄梨油组分别为131.4 ± 6.6、136.3 ± 4.5、134.3 ± 5.2,与对照组比较均显著增加（P < 0.05）;橄榄油组分别为121.1 ± 4.5、107.9 ± 7.3、106.4 ± 5.4,与对照组比较均亦显著增加（P < 0.05）;而鳄梨油组与橄榄油组相比,前者各项GSM均高于后者（P < 0.05）。鳄梨油组和橄榄油组丝聚蛋白、内披蛋白、角蛋白10免疫化学反应的GSM均高于对照组（P < 0.05）;而鳄梨油组与橄榄油组相比,后者均高于前者（P < 0.05）。此外,各组各项免疫斑点印迹的GSM与免疫细胞化学的GSM数据基本相符,在鳄梨油组两者呈显著正相关,r = 0.94,P < 0.01;在橄榄油组两者也呈现显著正相关,r = 0.97,P < 0.01。结论 一定浓度鳄梨油和橄榄油,尤其是鳄梨油对HaCaT细胞可呈现显著的促生长、增殖效应;橄榄油和鳄梨油,尤其橄榄油对HaCaT细胞可呈现显著的促分化效应。     

细胞外基质蛋白1对HaCaT细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响

目的:确定细胞外基质蛋白1(ECM1)对HaCaT细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响.方法:将转染pEGFP- N2 - ECM1的含有ECM1的MCF-7细胞上清液作用于HaCaT细胞.MIT法检测HaCaT细胞的增殖,FCM法测定细胞周期变化.结果:与对照组相比,经ECM1作用48h后,细胞G1期比例显著降低,S期与G2期比例则显著升高.结论:ECM1对培养的HaCaT细胞具有诱导增殖的作用.     

Tissue engineering with HaCaT cells and a fibroblast cell line

Abstract Most skin models consist of primary cells. Our aim was to develop a highly reproducible skin model consisting only of cell lines to investigate irradiation effects. The spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte line HaCaT is known for its capacity for epidermal differentiation. As an organotypic coculture, HaCaT cells were grown air-exposed on top of a dermis equivalent consisting of a murine fibroblast cell line (L929) in collagen. The technique for the preparation of this coculture system is described. After 3 weeks a multilayered epithelium with signs of differentiation developed. The expression of several markers for differentiation and basal membrane formation were compared with those of healthy human skin by immunohistochemical staining. In the epithelium of the skin model several cytokeratins, especially keratin 10, and involucrin were expressed comparable to normal skin. Laminin expression was found along the basal zone of the epithelium. BrdU labeling indicating proliferation was mainly found in the basal parts of the epithelium. Differentiated cells showing DNA fragmentation were detected in the upper parts of the epithelium by the TUNEL assay. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to discriminate between HaCaT and L929 cells in the coculture. Some L929 cells growing on top of the epithelium could be detected. This might have been due to an invasion of highly proliferating L929 cells and might be one of the limits of tissue engineering with cell lines. In conclusion, the organotypic coculture used as a skin model is a promising additional tool for addressing specific research questions. Received: 23 November 1998 / Received after revision: 6 July 1999 / Accepted: 12 July 1999     

Differentiation of the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line: modulation by adrenomedullin

BACKGROUND: Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide produced by a wide variety of cells, including keratinocytes. We, and others, have demonstrated that AM has a role as a growth regulatory factor of the skin and contributes as an antimicrobial agent in the integument's protective barrier. It is not known whether AM has a role in differentiating keratinocytes. OBJECTIVES: To study the role of AM in keratinocyte differentiation, modulating the effects of calcium and in addition, to assess whether differentiated keratinocytes are still capable of initiating an inflammatory response. METHODS: HaCaT cells were differentiated using CaCl2. Expression of transglutaminase type 1 (TG1) and E2F1 genes was used to monitor differentiation. AM secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NF-kappaB activity and interleukin (IL)-6 secretion in the cells were assessed after exposure to calcium and AM by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: Secretion of AM by the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was found to be increased during 1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2-induced cell differentiation but not 0.1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2. All treatments showed low levels of the cell proliferation marker, E2F1. Over time, cells incubated in the presence of 0.1 mmol L(-1) or 1 mmol L(-1) of CaCl2 showed an increase in TG1 expression, a marker of early differentiation. The addition of AM showed a decrease in TG1 expression when combined with 0.1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2, but not with 1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2. In addition, cells kept in 0.1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2 showed translocation of NF-kappaB after 48 h and 72 h of incubation, which was abolished when AM was added to the cells. Treatment with 1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2 led to earlier translocation of NF-kappaB at 24 h after treatment and addition of AM did not abolish the effect of 1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2 on NF-kappaB activation. Cells incubated in 0.1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2 showed increased secretion of IL-6 over time, consistent with NF-kappaB activation. The addition of AM to cells incubated with 0.1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2 showed a rapid decrease in IL-6 secretion after only 6 h. However, 1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2 did not induce secretion of IL-6 and the addition of AM did not affect the result. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that AM can reverse calcium-induced differentiation when 0.1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2 is used but not 1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2. Cells differentiated with 0.1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2 are still capable of generating an inflammatory response, showing signs of late NF-kappaB activation and IL-6 secretion that can be inhibited by AM. However, cells differentiated with 1 mmol L(-1) CaCl2 lose their ability to secrete IL-6 but not AM, which could be acting as an antimicrobial peptide.     

MiRNA-203在寻常性银屑病皮损的表达及其对HaCaT细胞增殖的影响

目的 研究微小核糖核酸(miRNA)-203在寻常性银屑病患者皮损中的表达,并探讨对角质形成细胞株(HaCaT细胞)增殖的影响.方法 取2014-2016年23例寻常性银屑病患者的皮损组织和相邻非皮损组织.荧光定量PCR法检测组织中miRNA-203的表达水平,并以5'端、3'端地高辛标记的探针对皮肤组织切片中目的miRNA进行原位杂交,观察miRNA-203在皮肤组织中的定位情况.将miRNA-203模拟物(miRNA-203模拟物组)和miRNA-203模拟物阴性对照(阴性对照组)分别转染HaCaT细胞,正常细胞培养组作为空白对照组,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法、流式细胞仪和Western印迹法分别对HaCaT细胞的增殖、细胞周期及相关周期蛋白(Cyclin D1、Cyclin B1)的变化进行检测.结果 miRNA-203特异性地表达在表皮的角质形成细胞中,除细胞核外,细胞质亦有表达,且寻常性银屑病患者皮损组织中miRNA-203表达水平(1.35±0.28)显著高于非皮损组织(0.52±0.09),差异有统计学意义(t=6.76,P=0.012).转染miRNA-203模拟物能抑制HaCaT细胞增殖(F=9.36,P=0.007),且空白对照组、阴性对照组和miRNA-203模拟物组HaCaT细胞增殖率均随时间的延长逐渐增加(F=18.68,P＜0.001).与阴性对照组和空白对照组相比,miRNA-203模拟物组HaCaT细胞被阻滞在G2/M期(G2/M期细胞比例:31.33％±4.56％比17.02％±3.53％、16.67％±3.32％,均P＜0.05),HaCaT细胞周期蛋白周期蛋白D1表达水平较高(1.15±0.13比0.52±0.05、0.56±0.07,均P＜0.05),而周期蛋白B1水平较低(0.43±0.08比0.93±0.16、0.91±0.0.15,均P＜0.05).结论 miRNA-203可能参与了寻常性银屑病的发生发展过程.     

microRNA-125a在寻常型银屑病皮损中的表达及其对HaCaT细胞增殖的影响

【摘要】 目的 检测寻常型银屑病皮损中microRNA-125a（miR-125a）的表达与皮损处炎症因子水平的相关性及其对人永生化角质形成细胞（HaCaT）增殖的影响。方法 收集2017—2018年沈阳市第七人民医院40例寻常型银屑病患者皮损及相邻非皮损组织,采用反转录实时荧光定量PCR检测组织中miR-125a的表达及皮损组织中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、IL-17 mRNA的表达。将miR-125a过表达质粒、过表达对照质粒、miR-125a干扰质粒、干扰对照质粒转染HaCaT细胞,在转染后0、24、48、72 h采用CCK8法检测各组HaCaT细胞增殖能力,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测质粒转染后HaCaT细胞上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17水平。相关性分析采用Spearman等级相关检验分析,两组间均数比较采用t检验。结果 寻常型银屑病皮损区miR-125a相对表达水平（2-ΔΔCt,0.389 ± 0.354）低于非皮损区（1.106 ± 0.396,t = 7.717,P < 0.001）。银屑病皮损组织中miR-125a表达与TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-17 mRNA的表达呈负相关（r = -0.447、-0.424、 -0.436,均P < 0.01）。转染相应质粒后0、24 h时,细胞增殖能力在过表达miR-125a组与过表达对照组（t = 0.282、1.445,均P > 0.05）、干扰miR-125a组与干扰对照组（t = 0.120、1.543,均P > 0.05）间差异无统计学意义;转染后48、72 h时,过表达miR-125a组细胞的增殖能力低于过表达对照组（t = 3.222、4.563,均P < 0.05）,干扰miR-125a组高于干扰对照组（t = 3.036、3.269,均P < 0.05）。MiR-125a过表达组TNF-α、IL-1β的表达水平低于过表达对照组,差异有统计学意义（t = 4.318、3.813,均P < 0.05）。结论 寻常型银屑病患者皮损中miR-125a低表达,miR-125a抑制角质形成细胞增殖,可能在银屑病发生发展中发挥保护作用。     

空气细颗粒物PM2.5对HaCaT细胞增殖、细胞周期及凋亡的影响

目的 探讨空气细颗粒物PM2.5对HaCaT细胞增殖、细胞周期及凋亡的影响。方法 收集北京市2015—2016年采暖季雾霾天气PM2.5,制备成混悬液。将HaCaT细胞分为空白组（仅用细胞培养基）、对照组（不加PM2.5,其他处理同实验组）和实验组［100 ~ 400 mg/L（细胞形态学观察和增殖实验用50 ~ 800 mg/L）PM2.5混悬液处理］处理24 h后,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化;CCK8法检测细胞存活率;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布及细胞凋亡;Western 印迹法检测细胞周期蛋白A2（cyclin A2）及细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1（CDK1）的表达水平。结果 随着PM2.5浓度升高,HaCaT细胞形态逐渐发生改变,细胞数目逐渐减少。与对照组（100 ± 4.95）%相比,50 mg/L PM2.5组HaCaT细胞存活率无明显变化（P＞0.05）,100、200、400、800 mg/L PM2.5组细胞存活率［分别为（91.77 ± 2.04）%、（80.01 ± 1.57）%、（57.80 ± 1.56）%、（21.98 ± 0.86）%］均显著下降（P＜0.05）。流式细胞仪检测显示,与对照组相比,PM2.5组（100、200、400 mg/L）S期细胞比例逐渐增高,G2/M期细胞比例逐渐降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Western印迹法显示,100、200、400 mg/L PM2.5组cyclin A2、CDK1蛋白表达均较对照组有所降低,尤其以200 mg/L组降低最明显,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。100、200、400 mg/L PM2.5组细胞总凋亡率分别为（9.98 ± 0.21）%、（12.56 ± 0.74）%、（16.74 ± 1.48）%,与对照组（6.24 ± 0.17）%相比,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 PM2.5可能通过下调cyclin A2、CDK1表达水平诱导HaCaT细胞发生S期阻滞,从而抑制细胞增殖,促进HaCaT细胞凋亡。     

The proliferation of epidermal cells in mouse ear organ culture

Summary Mouse ear fragments were cultured for up to 1 day in a chemically defined fluid medium and for 2–3 days in a solid Agar medium.Within 24 h of incubation, the epidermal cells were found to migrate towards the cut edges, a process which led to an epithelialization of the denuded surface. Concomitantly, the epidermal cell proliferation was enhanced: an entry of increasing numbers of interfollicular cells into S phase occurred after 7–10 h of incubation and was maximal around the 20th h. Correspondingly, the mitotic rate rose after 20 h. During an incubation period of 48–72 h in solid medium, the mitotic activity of the proliferating tissues in mouse ear skin continued, and the interfollicular epidermis in the proximity of the cut edges became hyperplastic. Thus, mouse ear epidermis kept in this organ culture seems to resemble a wounded epidermis in vivo.Epidermal cell proliferation was studied by determining (a) the mitotic rate and (b) the incorporation of tritiated thymidine by means of liquid scintillation spectrometry and autoradiography. Various factors affecting the incorporaton of tritiated thymidine were investigated, and it was concluded that liquid scintillation spectrometry proves to be a rapid and suitable method for determining the effects of both growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting agents on epidermal cell proliferation.     

人乳头瘤病毒11型基因组DNA在HaCaT株中的转染

目的 探讨转染与筛选技术获取稳定携带有HPV11基因组DNA的细胞的可能性。方法 对含有pBR322.HPV11质粒的大肠杆菌培养扩增,然后进行质粒的提取与纯化,并用限制性内切酶BamHⅠ切割下HPV11全长基因。低熔点琼脂糖回收后,用T4 DNA连接酶进行线状DNA的自身环化,再与pIK-neo质粒、用Lipofectamine试剂共转染HaCaT细胞。通过G418筛选阳性细胞克隆,将阳性克隆细胞合并与培养扩增后,用FQ-PCR技术检测细胞内HPV11DNA的存在,用巢式RT-PCR技术检测HPV11 E1^E4 mRNA的表达。结果 HPV11型基因组DNA转染至HaCaT细胞后,经G418筛选约2周,培养皿内即可见对G418抵抗的阳性细胞克隆出现,其形态与普通HaCaT细胞相似。用FQ-PCR在筛选后的HaCaT细胞中检测到HPV11DNA的存在,平均病毒DNA载量为（15.9 ± 16.8）拷贝/细胞。传代3次后细胞内病毒DNA无丢失,载量为（23.9 ± 1.1）拷贝/细胞。与未传代细胞相比,二者间差异无统计学意义（t = -0.822,P > 0.05）。巢式RT-PCR扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后检测到HPV11 E1^E4 mRNA表达的特异性628 bp条带。结论 HPV11基因组DNA可通过脂质体转染法成功导入HaCaT细胞内,通过筛选可获得阳性细胞,且经3次传代后HPV11DNA仍然存在。     

依曲替酸和黄芪对HaCaT细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响

目的: 研究依曲替酸和黄芪对HaCaT细胞增殖及凋亡的影响.方法: 采用MTT比色法检测依曲替酸和黄芪对HaCaT细胞增殖的影响;应用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡并于透射电镜下观察凋亡细胞形态.结果: 依曲替酸和黄芪均对HaCaT细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用;在一定浓度范围内其抑制率呈时间和剂量依赖性,但黄芪的抑制率较依曲替酸为低.细胞明显阻滞于G1期,有明显的凋亡峰出现,电镜下见典型的凋亡细胞形态学特征.结论: 依曲替酸和黄芪均可抑制HaCaT细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡,提示二者治疗银屑病机制可能与此有关.     

Protein kinase C isozymes regulate proliferation and high cell density-mediated differentiation in HaCaT keratinocytes

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms play pivotal roles in the regulation of differentiation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). In this study, we investigated the participation of the PKC system in the proliferation and high cell density-induced differentiation of the human immortalized keratinocyte line HaCaT. HaCaT keratinocytes possessed a characteristic PKC isoform pattern (PKC alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, eta, theta, zeta), which altered during proliferation and differentiation. The GF109203X compound, a selective PKC inhibitor, suppressed the expressions of the lat (granular cell) differentiation markers involucrin (INV) and filaggrin (FIL), and the terminal marker keratinocyte-specific transglutaminase-1 (TG), but did not affect the level of the early (spinous cell) marker keratin 10 (K10) and cellular proliferation. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of PKC, inhibited proliferation, elevated intracellular calcium concentration, decreased the expression of K10, and increased the expressions of INV, FIL, and TG. These data indicate that the endogenous activation of PKC regulates the expressions of the late differentiation markers, and that the exogenous activation of PKC by PMA results in the induction of terminal differentiation. Because the cellular effects of PMA were accompanied by differential down-regulations of the sensitive PKC isoforms in proliferating and differentiating cultures, our findings argue for the differential roles of the existing PKC isoforms in the regulation of cellular proliferation and high cell density-induced differentiation of HaCaT cells.     

Differential expression of D-type cyclins in HaCaT keratinocytes and in psoriasis

In this study, we show that the G0-G1/S phase of HaCaT keratinocyte cell cycle is characterized by D1-type cyclin expression, whereas during the repeated rapid turnover of highly proliferating cells, the expression of cyclins D2 and D3 dominates. Knocking down cyclin D1 mRNA resulted in no change of cell proliferation and morphology, indicating that D2 and D3 cyclins could substitute for D1 in driving the cell cycle. Increased numbers of cyclin D1-expressing keratinocytes were found in the basal layers of the lesional psoriatic epidermis compared to both normal and non-lesional epidermis without increased expression of cyclin D1 mRNA, suggesting a possible dysfunction in the degradation of cyclin D1 protein. We also detected a significant increase in cyclin D2 and D3 mRNA expressions in psoriatic epidermis compared to normal epidermis with no difference in protein expressions. Blocking alpha5-integrin function by a neutralizing antibody in HaCaT keratinocytes downregulated the expression of cyclin D1 mRNA without affecting the expressions of cyclin D2 and D3 indicating a regulatory role for alpha5-integrin in the expression of cyclin D1. Our data suggest a possible role for D-type cyclins in the excessive basal-cell proliferation and perturbed keratinocyte differentiation in the psoriatic epidermis.     

Retinal and retinol are potential regulators of gene expression in the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT

Please cite this paper as: Retinal and retinol are potential regulators of gene expression in the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Experimental Dermatology 2010. Abstract: Vitamin A is a pivotal regulator of differentiation and growth of developing and adult skin. Retinoic acid is the major physiologically active form of vitamin A regulating the expression of different genes through retinoic acid nuclear receptors. Here, we present evidence that other vitamin A derivates – retinol and retinal – are also capable of functioning as regulators of gene expression in the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. We have shown that all‐trans retinol (ATRol) and all‐trans retinal (ATRal) are capable of modulating gene expression in keratinocytes, which is not because of vitamin A metabolism in the cells, and retinol and retinal modulate gene expression through nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Based on the data, we propose that ATRol and all‐trans retinal, in addition to all‐trans retinoic acid, can function as important regulators of gene expression manifesting their effect through the nuclear receptors RARs and RXRs.     

棕榈酸对HaCaT细胞增殖及产生炎症因子的影响

目的 探讨棕榈酸对HaCaT细胞增殖及产生炎症因子的影响.方法 将不同浓度棕榈酸(0、25、50、75、100、125、150、175、200 μmol/L)刺激HaCaT细胞3～ 24h,用细胞计数试剂盒CCK8检测HaCaT细胞增殖情况.选取一定浓度棕榈酸(0、75、100、125、150 μmol/L)刺激HaCaT细胞24 h后,分别用免疫组化荧光染色法在共聚焦显微镜下观察核因子(NF)-κB p65细胞核转位情况.酶联免疫吸附试验检测细胞培养上清液中白介素6(IL-6)分泌量,实时PCR法检测过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体α(PPARα)mRNA及IL-6mRNA的表达,免疫印迹法检测PPARα、总蛋白NF-κB p65及核蛋白NF-κB p65表达量.用GraphPad Prism 5.0软件进行单因素方差分析.结果 与空白对照组相比,50～175 μmol/L棕榈酸均可刺激HaCaT细胞增殖(均P＜ 0.05).75、100、125、150 μmol/L棕榈酸可剂量依赖性增强HaCaT细胞NF-κB p65向细胞核内转位,各浓度组核蛋白的相对表达量分别为0.4536±0.0173、0.5184±0.0206、0.5333±0.0231、0.6160±0.0297,与空白对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).PPARα mRNA及其蛋白产物、IL-6 mRNA及分泌量呈剂量依赖性增加,各浓度组IL-6分泌量分别为(31.5677±0.2268)、(32.3773±0.4156)、(32.9837±0.0029)、(33.6890±0.0936) ng/L,与空白对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 棕榈酸可促进HaCaT细胞增殖,并在一定浓度内剂量依赖性增强NF-κB核转移、IL-6及PPARα表达量,在激活和促进相关炎症因子表达中起到一定作用.     

Induction of apoptosis by synthetic ceramide analogues in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT

Abstract: In contrast to extracellular, long chain ceramides which comprise a structural component of the epidermal water barrier, intracellular ceramides originating from sphingomyelin hydrolysis have been shown to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis in different cell populations. To further elucidate the possible role of intracellular ceramides in human epidermis, two new cell-permeable ceramide analogues, N -thioacetylsphingosine (C₂-Cer=S) and 4-dodecanoylamino-decan-5-ol (FS-5), were synthesized and tested for their ability to suppress cell growth and to induce apoptosis in immortalized human keratinocytes. It was shown that the well-investigated ceramide analogue N -acetylsphingosine (C₂-Cer=O), as well as the new compound C₂-Cer=S inhibited proliferation of HaCaT cells with half-inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of 20 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml, respectively, whereas FS-5 has been potent with an IC₅₀>40 μg/ml. Overall, all three ceramide analogues induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells as assessed by DNA-fragmentation using ELISA technique and in situ nick end labelling, thereby confirming the importance of ceramide signalling in keratinocytes.     

地塞米松及甲氨蝶呤上调HaCaT细胞结合珠蛋白的表达

目的:探讨地塞米松及甲氨蝶呤对人角质形成细胞系HaCaT细胞合成结合珠蛋白(Hp)的影响。方法:采用RT-PCR方法检测Hp mRNA表达水平,ELISA方法检测Hp浓度。结果:地塞米松或甲氨蝶呤刺激HaCaT24h后,HaCaT细胞表达Hp增加;但较短刺激时间或较低刺激浓度时,HaCaT细胞表达Hp水平无明显变化。结论:地塞米松及甲氨蝶呤能够上调HaCaT细胞Hp的合成,这种作用具有时间依赖性及剂量依赖性的趋势。