急性缺血性脑卒中TOAST分型和OCSP分型关系的研究

目的研究急性缺血性脑卒中TOAST分型的亚型构成特点及其与OCSP分型的关系。方法连续登记住院治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者368例,比较TOAST分型和OCSP分型的特点。结果 TOAST分型中大动脉粥样硬化型119例(32.34%),小动脉闭塞型和不明原因型各114例(30.98%),心源性19例(5.16%),其他2例(0.54%);其中大动脉粥样硬化型、小动脉闭塞型和不明原因型在OCSP亚型分布中有统计学差异(P0.05),可表现为以腔隙综合征为主的多种临床表型。结论大动脉粥样硬化型,小动脉闭塞型和不明原因型是TOAST分型中的主要类型。OCSP分型不能提示病因。     

早期降压治疗对不同TOAST分型的急性缺血性脑卒中患者1年结局的影响

目的讨论早期降压治疗对不同类肝素药物治疗急性脑卒中试验(TOAST)分型的急性缺血性脑卒中患者1年结局的影响。方法收集2009年8月至2013年5月在解放军第九六〇医院泰安院区和肥城市人民医院住院治疗的发病48 h内伴有高血压的急性缺血性脑卒中非溶栓患者597例。依据TOAST分型分为:大动脉粥样硬化型卒中(LAA)261例,心源性栓塞型卒中(CE)91例,小动脉闭塞型卒中(SAO)225例,其他类型20例。将各分型患者分别分为2组:LAA降压组(n=126)和LAA非降压组(n=135);CE降压组(n=46)和CE非降压组(n=45);SAO降压组(n=115)和SAO非降压组(n=110);其他类型降压组(n=7)和其他类型非降压组(n=13)。降压组24 h内降压10%～20%。观察患者出院后1年的死亡率、死亡/致残率及卒中复发率。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。2组间比较采用t检验或χ~2检验。结果随访1年结果显示,在LAA、SAO和其他类型卒中分型中,降压组和非降压组患者1年后的死亡率、死亡/致残率及卒中复发率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);在CE分型中,降压组患者1年后的死亡/致残率显著低于非降压组(45.6%和66.7%,P0.05),但1年死亡率及卒中复发率与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性期降压治疗对LAA、SAO型缺血性脑卒中患者1年结局无显著影响,但可显著降低CE型缺血性脑卒中患者的1年死亡/致残率。     

基于TOAST分型的急性缺血性卒中临床疗效分析

目的研究急性缺血性卒中TOAST分型与临床短期预后的关系。方法收集2010年5月—2011年4月在三峡中心医院神经内科病房住院治疗的700例急性缺血性卒中患者。缺血性卒中依据TOAST标准分型,即大动脉粥样硬化型(LAA)、心源性栓塞型(CE)、小动脉闭塞型(SAO),其他明确病因型(SOE)和不明原因型(SUE)5型。应用NIHSS评分了解不同亚型患者入院时和出院时的功能状态,以出院时神经功能好转率评价其临床短期预后,分析各亚型与临床短期预后的相关性。结果缺血性脑卒中男性患者发病年龄较女性患者早(P<0.01)。脑卒中亚型:LAA 194例(27.7%),SAO 220例(31.4%),CE 70例(10.0%),SOE8例(1.1%),SUE 208例(29.7%)。其中SAO亚型所占比例最高。各亚型与临床短期预后的关系:CE型患者入院时病情危重,神经功能缺损最严重,NIHSS评分最高(20.11±1.42)分,出院时神经功能好转率显著降低(P<0.01)。SAO亚型入院时病情最轻,NIHSS评分最低(4.10±0.36)分,出院时神经功能好转率显著增高(P<0.01)。结论 SAO亚型入院时病情最轻,临床疗效及临床短期预后最好;CE亚型入院时病情最重,临床疗效及临床短期预后最差。     

缺血性脑卒中复发与相关因素分析

目的观察缺血性脑卒中患者2年复发率及复发的相关危险因素。方法采用前瞻性的队列研究方法,共纳入首发缺血性脑卒中患者860例,根据2年随访是否复发分为复发组(106例)和无复发组(754例)。并按照TOAST标准进行病因分型,大动脉粥样硬化型(LAA)261例,小动脉闭塞型(SAO)186例、心源性栓塞型(CES)191例、其他明确病因或不明原因型(UND)222例,随访2年,观察不同病因分型脑卒中复发率的差异,并进行多因素回归分析相关因素。结果复发组年龄、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟及纤维蛋白原水平较无复发组明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);抗血小板药物依从性较无复发组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。复发脑卒中106例,其中LAA 29例,SAO 22例,CES 36例,UND 19例。多因素回归分析显示,年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、纤维蛋白原、TOAST分型及抗血小板药物依从性与缺血性脑卒中复发相关。结论不同病因型脑卒中2年复发率存在差异;纤维蛋白原、TOAST病因分型及抗血小板药物依从性也是缺血性脑卒中复发的独立危险因素。     

高分辨磁共振成像在老年非心源性急性缺血性脑卒中病因分型中的意义

目的 探讨高分辨磁共振成像(HRMRI)对老年非心源性急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)的诊断价值及意义。方法回顾性分析2022年7月至2023年7月我院收治的老年非心源性AIS患者101例。依据急性脑卒中TOAST分型和中国缺血性脑卒中亚型(CISS)标准对所有受试者病因进行分型。对比两种分类系统在检查前后各病因分型的构成比。结果 TOAST分型检查结果显示,有8例小动脉闭塞型、1例其他原因型及5例不明原因型修正为大动脉粥样硬化型(LAA),1例不明原因型修正为小动脉闭塞型,7例LAA及4例不明原因型修正为其他原因型,共修正26例(25.74%)患者的病因诊断,TOAST分型检查前后构成比比较有显著差异(χ²=15.425,P<0.01)。CISS检查结果显示,有10例穿支动脉疾病型、1例其他原因型及4例不明原因型修正为LAA,9例LAA及3例不明原因型修正为其他原因型,共修正27例(26.73%)患者的病因诊断,CISS检查前后构成比比较(χ²=17.300,P<0.01)。结论 HRMRI对老年非心源性AIS的精准病因分型具有诊断价...     

缺血性脑卒中早期神经功能恶化患者超敏C反应蛋白变化及相关因素分析

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中早期神经功能恶化(END)患者超敏C反应蛋白(hs_CRP)在TOAST、CISS分型中变化以及与相关危险因素的关系。方法回顾性分析两年内的缺血性脑卒中病理资料,按照是否发生END,分为早期神经功能恶化组(END组)和非早期神经功能恶化组(Non_END组),并按照TOAST、CISS分型进行统计,检测hs_CRP在不同分型中的变化,同时探讨hs_CRP与相关危险因素的关系。结果 END组在性别构成比、年龄、NIHSS评分、体质指数(BMI)、颈动脉闭塞、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL_C)、hs_CRP以及CISS分型中大动脉粥样硬化(LAA)、穿支动脉疾病(PAD)亚型同Non_END组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);128例缺血性脑卒中患者按照TOAST分型,各亚型组无统计学差异(P0.05);按照CISS分型,各亚型间具有统计学差异(P0.05);Logistic回归分析,LDL_C、颈动脉闭塞、NIHSS评分、CISS分型、FIB以及hs_CRP为END发生的危险因素;Spearman相关性分析显示,BMI、LDL_C、FIB、NIHSS评分以及CISS各亚型与hs_CRP有明显的相关性(P0.05)。结论 hs_CRP与CISS分型各亚型、LDL_C、FIB、NIHSS评分等明显相关,其浓度升高,预示患者预后差。     

不同卒中亚型脑梗死病人早期血浆D-二聚体水平与急性期神经功能改善及预后的相关性

目的探讨不同卒中亚型脑梗死病人早期血浆D-二聚体水平及其与急性期神经功能改善及预后的相关性。方法以2014年1月—2016年6月我院神经内科收治的167例脑梗死病人为研究对象。按照TOAST标准对病人进行分型,比较不同亚型病人间血浆D-二聚体水平;对比入院时与入院10 d后不同亚型间神经功能缺损改善情况及不同亚型病人间的死亡率。结果各亚型脑梗死病人间D-二聚体水平比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);多重比较结果显示,心源性脑栓死(CE)组血浆D-二聚体水平最高,其次为大动脉粥样硬化性脑卒中(LAA)组,不明原因的缺血性脑卒中(SUE)组次之,小动脉闭塞性脑卒中(SAO)组最低,但与SUE组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其他原因所致的缺血性卒中(SOE)组1例(未列入统计分析内);各亚型病人入院时神经功能缺损情况存在有统计学意义(P0.05),以CE组缺损最为严重,SAO组程度最轻;入院10 d后各组神经功能缺损均有所改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),CE组最低,SAO组改善程度最高。急性期以CE组(34.1%)的死亡率最高,其次为LAA组(6.3%),SAO组在急性期未观察到死亡病例,CE组死亡率显著高于其他各组(P0.05),其余各组间差异无统计学意义。结论不同卒中亚型的脑梗死病人早期血浆D-二聚体水平存在统计学意义,血浆D-二聚体水平可作为此类病人预后评估的参考依据。     

青浦地区急性脑梗死患者CISS分型和TOAST分型比较及意义

目的 了解急性脑梗死患者CISS分型应用价值,并比较其与TOAST分型的差异及意义.方法 2010年3月5日至2012年3月4日住院治疗的240例急性脑梗死患者,由2位高年资主治医生盲法进行CISS分型及TOAST分型;对分型不一致患者交由全科讨论后确定;比较分析两种分型法各亚型的构成比、差异.结果 ①CISS分型各病因学亚型的分布从高到低依次为:大动脉粥样硬化性(主动脉弓粥样硬化2例,颅内外大动脉粥样硬化166例)168例(70％),穿支动脉疾病24例(10％),不确定病因型10例(4.2％),心源性脑卒中型36例(15％),其他病因型2例(0.8％).其中颅内外大动脉粥样硬化根据其病因进一步分为:载体动脉(斑块或血栓)阻塞穿支动脉共计82例(占49.4％),动脉到动脉栓塞共计59例(占35.5.％),低灌注/栓子清除下降共计22例(占13.3％),混合型有3例(占1.8％).②TOAST分型各亚型按由高到低的顺序依次为:大动脉粥样硬化型共计120例(占50％),小动脉闭塞型共计51例(占20.1％),不明病因型共计33例(占13.9％),心源性栓塞型共计34例(占14.2％),其他明确病因型有2例(占0.8％).③所有缺血性脑卒中患者按CISS及TOAST分型时,有68例(28.33％)患者的分型发生变化.结论 CISS分型与TOAST分型具有较高的一致性.与TOAST分型相比,CISS分型在反映缺血性脑卒中的病因及发病机制方面更准确,更有利于缺血性脑卒中的防治.     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清IL-6的表达及与TOAST分型和OCSP分型的关系

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清白细胞介素(IL)-6的表达及与TOAST分型和OCSP分型的关系。方法选取2010年1月到2014年11月该院收治的急性缺血性脑卒中患者220例(研究组),选择同期健康体检者110例(对照组),测量所有入选者血清IL-6水平,并观察其与TOAST分型和OCSP分型的关系。结果研究组血清IL-6水平显著高于对照组(P0.05);TOAST分型:心源性栓塞型(CE)血清IL-6水平最高,其次为动脉粥样硬化血栓形成型(AT),然后为不明原因型(SUD),最少的为小动脉型(SAD),组间比较差异显著(均P0.05);OCSP分型:IL-6水平最高为完全前循环梗死型(TACI),其次为后循环梗死型(POCI),然后为部分前循环梗死型(PACI),最少为腔隙性梗死型(LACI),组间比较差异显著(均P0.05)。结论急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清IL-6水平会出现改变,且不同TOAST分型和OCSP分型表达水平不同。     

急性缺血性脑卒中TOAST分型后早期降压治疗对3个月结局的影响

目的探讨TOAST分型与急性缺血性脑卒中急性期降压治疗预后的关系。方法收集2009年8月~2013年5月在解放军第九六○医院(泰安院区)、肥城市人民医院、东平县人民医院住院的缺血性脑卒中合并高血压、非溶栓患者416例,大动脉粥样硬化型(large artery atherosclerosis,LAA)组168例,降压治疗82例,无降压治疗86例;心源性栓塞型(cardioembolism,CE)组84例,降压治疗43例,无降压治疗41例;小动脉闭塞型(small artery occlusion,SAO)组144例,降压治疗74例,无降压治疗70例;其他病因明确型(10例)和病因不明型组(10例)样本数太少,未做统计学分析。观察患者出院后3个月全因病死率、死亡/致残率。结果LAA组、CE组和SAO组降压治疗患者治疗2周或出院时血压下降幅度明显高于无降压治疗患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。随访3个月,LAA组降压治疗患者病死率明显高于无降压治疗患者(13.4%vs 3.5%,P=0.041),CE组降压治疗患者病死率明显低于无降压治疗患者(14.0%vs 34.1%,P=0.030),SAO组降压治疗与无降压治疗患者病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(1.4%vs 2.9%,P=0.961)。LAA组、CE组和SAO组死亡/残疾率比较,差异无统计学意义(46.3%vs 39.5%,51.2%vs 70.7%,20.3%vs 20.0%,P>0.05)。结论LAA缺血性脑卒中急性期降压有增加3个月病死率风险;CE缺血性脑卒中急性期应避免血压维持在较高水平,降压治疗是获益的;SAO缺血性脑卒中急性期降压治疗未改变其3个月死亡结局。     

Risk factors profile and clinical outcome of ischemic stroke patients admitted in a Department of Internal Medicine and classified by TOAST classification.

AIM: A classification of ischemic stroke subtypes tailored for individual patients is hard to achieve. In 1993, the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) group developed a new system to classify the subtypes of ischemic stroke. In our study we applied the TOAST classification to a group of consecutive patients affected by ischemic stroke, to evaluate outcome and factors associated to each stroke subtype. METHODS: To evaluate the prognosis and the associated factors of ischemic stroke subtypes, we classified according to the TOAST classification a cohort of 159 consecutive patients affected by an acute ischemic stroke. We evaluated neurological deficit at admission by Scandinavian Stroke Scale and scored disability at discharge and 6 months after discharge using the Rankin disability scale. We determined 30 days survival and anamnestically evaluated major vascular risk factors. RESULTS: Patients with cardioembolic stroke and stroke of undetermined etiology had a greater neurological deficit on admission and the worst prognosis either in terms of disability or mortality. Lacunar stroke had the least neurological deficit at admission and the best prognosis. Hypercholesterolemia and smoking were more frequent among patients with large artery atherosclerotic stroke. Hypertension, a history of transient ischemic attack and diabetes were more frequent among patients with lacunar stroke. A weak association with hypertension and smoking was observed for cardioembolic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: The TOAST classification is useful in the clinical setting because it identifies ischemic stroke subtypes with different prognosis and with a different profile of associated factors.     

采用TOAST分型对高龄缺血性脑卒中患者的单中心资料分析

目的 探讨高龄(≥80岁)缺血性脑卒中TOAST分型亚组患者的临床特征、影像学、血管学以及实验室检查结果等方面的差异.方法 回顾分析神经科连续住院的91例高龄急性缺血性脑卒中患者的病历和影像学资料,根据TOAST分型进行分组,对各TOAST分型亚组患者的危险因素、临床表现、并发症、短期预后、影像学表现、脑血管病变以及实验室检查结果等情况进行分析对比.结果 大动脉粥样硬化(34/91)是高龄缺血性脑卒中的最常见病因,罪犯血管多位于颅内(25/34).大动脉粥样硬化组颅内(28/34)和颅外(12/34)脑动脉闭塞性病变患者比例均高于其他各组.心脏源性栓塞组患者血脂水平偏低,短期预后不良(7/15)患者比例高于大动脉粥样硬化组和小动脉闭塞组,严重脑水肿(4/15)患者比例高于其他各组,后循环梗死(1/15)和脑白质病变(3/15)患者比例低于小动脉闭塞组.小动脉闭塞组出现并发症(4/20)患者较少,无短期预后不良.结论 高龄缺血性脑卒中各TOAST分型亚组患者的临床特征、影像学表现、脑血管病变以及实验室检查结果等方面均存在不同程度的差异,上述差异的临床意义有待进一步探索.     

急性缺血性脑卒中的TOAST亚型分析

目的 依据TOAST方法对缺血性卒中人群进行亚型分析,总结缺血性卒中发病的病因学特征。方法 2002年7月至2003年2月因首发缺血性卒中在我科住院治疗患者300例,经磁共振成像、磁共振血管造影、数字血管造影等影像学检查及其他病因学检查,依据TOAST分型标准确定每个患者所属亚型。结果 本组患者TOAST亚型的构成比例为：心源性脑栓塞12．3％,大动脉粥样硬化性卒中40．0％,小动脉卒中31．3％,其他原因引发的缺血性卒中5．0％,原因不明的缺血性卒中11．4％。结论本组患者在不同性别之间,TOAST亚型构成比的差异没有统计学意义。本组患者的大动脉粥样硬化性卒中所占比例高于其他4个亚型。     

缺血性卒中改良分型的研究

目的分析该缺血性卒中改良分型（简称K-TOAST分型）的观察者间一致性以及各卒中亚型的比例,并与传统TOAST分型进行比较。方法 408例患者接受了前瞻性的全面脑血管检查,由2名神经内科医师独立进行了K-TOAST和TOAST分型,比较这两种分型的观察者间一致性及各亚型的构成比。结果 K-TOAST分型里比例最高的亚型是动脉粥样硬化型,其后是小动脉疾病、原因不明型、心源性栓塞型和其他病因型。传统TOAST分型分别为大动脉粥样硬化型、小动脉疾病、原因不明型、心源性栓塞型和其他病因型。新分型系统的观察者间一致性：Kappa值为0.83（P〈0.01）。结论 K-TOAST分型可减少原因不明型卒中患者数量,具有良好的观察者间一致性。     

Diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with ischemic stroke: differences, subtype distribution and outcome

Background and aimDiabetes mellitus increases the risk of stroke, and pathophysiological changes of diabetic cerebral vessels may differ in comparison with non-diabetic ones; nonetheless, the clinical and prognostic profile of stroke in diabetic patients is not yet fully understood. On this basis, the aim of our study was to evaluate cerebrovascular risk factor prevalence in diabetic stroke patients in comparison with non-diabetics, to analyze whether diabetics have a different prevalence of stroke subtypes as classified by the TOAST classification, and determine whether diabetics and non-diabetics have a different prognosis.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 102 diabetics and 204 non-diabetic subjects with acute ischemic stroke, matched by sex and age (± 3 years). We used as outcome indicators the Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) score at admission and the modified Rankin disability scale at discharge and at a 6-month follow-up. We classified ischemic stroke according to the TOAST classification.Diabetes was associated with lacunar ischemic stroke subtype, with a record of hypertension, and with a better SSS score at admission. The association of diabetes with lacunar stroke remained significant even after adjustment for hypertension or for large artery atherosclerotic and cardioembolic stroke subtypes.ConclusionOur study shows some significant differences in acute ischemic stroke among diabetics in comparison with non-diabetics (higher frequency of hypertension, higher prevalence of lacunar stroke subtype, lower neurological deficit at admission in diabetics).     

Cerebrovascular risk factors and clinical classification of strokes

Cerebrovascular risk represents a progressive and evolving concept owing to the particular distribution of risk factors in patients with ischemic stroke and in light of the newest stroke subtype classifications that account for pathophysiological, instrumental, and clinical criteria. Age represents the strongest nonmodifiable risk factor associated with ischemic stroke, while hypertension constitutes the most important modifiable cerebrovascular risk factor, confirmed by a host of epidemiological data and by more recent intervention trials of primary (HOT, Syst-Eur, LIFE) and secondary (PROGRESS) prevention of stroke in hypertensive patients. To be sure, a curious relationship exists between stroke and diabetes. Although the Framingham Study, The Honolulu Heart Program, and a series of Finnish studies reported a linear relationship between improved glucose metabolism and cerebral ischemia, the clinical and prognostic profile of diabetic patients with ischemic stroke remains to be fully understood. Our group, on the basis of TOAST classification--a diagnostic classification of ischemic stroke developed in 1993 that distinguishes five different clinical subtypes of ischemic stroke: large-artery atherosclerosis (LAAS), cardioembolic infarct (CEI), lacunar infarct (LAC), stroke of other determined origin (ODE), and stroke of undetermined origin (UDE), and now extensively used in clinical and scientific context--analysed the prevalence of cerebrovascular risk factors and the distribution of TOAST subtypes in more 300 patients with acute ischemic stroke in two consecutives studies that reported the significant association between diabetes and the lacunar subtype and a better clinical outcome for diabetic patients, most likely related to the higher prevalence of the lacunar subtype. Well-confirmed are the roles of cigarette smoking, atrial fibrillation, and asymptomatic carotid stenosis as cerebrovascular risk factors. Particularly interesting seems to be the function of inflammation markers (CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, ISPs) as potential risk factors. Still elusive remains the association between cholesterol serum levels and stroke, on the basis of the epidemiological data regarding this causative relationship, confirmed only by the results of intervention trials (4S, LIPID, CARE, HPS, ASCOT). Ultimately, cerebrovascular risk appears peculiar owing to the unique relationship between some modifiable risk factors (mainly diabetes and cholesterol) and the possible preferential association with stroke subtypes and specific cerebrovascular risks.     

复发性脑梗死的危险因素及病因学分析

目的通过对复发性脑梗死(recurrent cerebral infarction,RCI)与初发性脑梗死(first cerebral infarction,FCI)的危险因素、TOAST分型及病变血管特征进行分析,探讨RCI患者的病因特点。方法提取南京脑卒中注册系统中RCI患者110例为RCI组,同时提取同期FCI患者317例为FCI组;记录患者的一般临床资料,按TOAST分型标准进行分类;通过数字减影血管造影、CT血管造影、磁共振血管造影判断脑血管情况。结果 RCI组和FCI组高血压最为常见(68.2%vs 60.9%),RCI组高脂血症、短暂性脑缺血发作史明显高于FCI组(P<0.01)。RCI组和FCI组均以大动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死最常见(46.4%vs 54.9%)。RCI组不明原因脑梗死比例明显高于FCI组(10.0%vs 3.2%,P<0.01)。2组脑血管病变情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);进一步进行两两比较,RCI组脑血管无病变比例明显低于FCI组(9.8%vs 20.4%,P<0.05),狭窄比例明显高于FCI组(75.5%vs59.5%,P<0.01)。结论 RCI与FCI在TOAST分型各亚型的构成存在一定的差异,不明原因脑梗死在RCI中比例上升;血管影像学检查RCI发生血管病变的比例升高。     

Peripheral Frequency of CD4+ CD28? Cells in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Relationship With Stroke Subtype and Severity Markers

CD4+ CD28− T cells also called CD28 null cells have been reported as increased in the clinical setting of acute coronary syndrome. Only 2 studies previously analyzed peripheral frequency of CD28 null cells in subjects with acute ischemic stroke but, to our knowledge, peripheral frequency of CD28 null cells in each TOAST subtype of ischemic stroke has never been evaluated. We hypothesized that CD4+ cells and, in particular, the CD28 null cell subset could show a different degree of peripheral percentage in subjects with acute ischemic stroke in relation to clinical subtype and severity of ischemic stroke.The aim of our study was to analyze peripheral frequency of CD28 null cells in subjects with acute ischemic stroke in relation to TOAST diagnostic subtype, and to evaluate their relationship with scores of clinical severity of acute ischemic stroke, and their predictive role in the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke and diagnostic subtypeWe enrolled 98 consecutive subjects admitted to our recruitment wards with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke. As controls we enrolled 66 hospitalized patients without a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. Peripheral frequency of CD4+ and CD28 null cells has been evaluated with a FACS Calibur flow cytometer.Subjects with acute ischemic stroke had a significantly higher peripheral frequency of CD4+ cells and CD28 null cells compared to control subjects without acute ischemic stroke. Subjects with cardioembolic stroke had a significantly higher peripheral frequency of CD4+ cells and CD28 null cells compared to subjects with other TOAST subtypes. We observed a significant relationship between CD28 null cells peripheral percentage and Scandinavian Stroke Scale and NIHSS scores. ROC curve analysis showed that CD28 null cell percentage may be useful to differentiate between stroke subtypes.These findings seem suggest a possible role for a T-cell component also in acute ischemic stroke clinical setting showing a different peripheral frequency of CD28 null cells in relation of each TOAST subtype of stroke.     

不同亚型卒中患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-2含量及其意义

目的 探讨不同亚型急性缺血性卒中患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-2(matrixmetaUoproteinase-2,MMP-2)含量的变化及其意义.方法 77例急性缺血性卒中患者按照TOAST标准进行病因学分型,大动脉粥样硬化性卒中(large-artery atherosclerosis,LAA)29例(37.66%),小动脉闭塞性卒中(small artery occlusion,sAO)23例(29.87%),心源性脑栓塞(cardioembolism,CE)13例(16.88%),原因不明的缺血性卒中(stroke ofundemomtrated etiology,SUE)7例(9.09%),其他确定原因引发的缺血性卒中(stroke ofother demonstrated etiology,SOE)5例(6.49%).用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-1inked immtmosorbent assay,ELISA)检测急性缺血性卒中患者发病后24 h和7 d时血清MMP-2含量,并与42例对照者进行比较.结果 TOAST病因分型急性缺血性卒中组患者发病后24 h和7d血清MMP-2水平分别为(189.55±24.79)和(307.46±84.16)ng/ml,均显著高于对照组的(159.76 ±10.32)ng/ml(P均<0.05).在TOAST各亚型中,SOE和SUE因例数过少未做分析;在其他各型中,LAA、SAO和CE组发病后24 h血清MMP-2水平分别为(218.60±13.42)、(175.21 ±9.92)和(167.26±9.7)ng/ml,均显著高于对照组(P均<0.05);发病7d时分别为(404.75±10.30)、(293.18 ±10.91)和(211.81±11.14)ng/ml,也均显著高于对照组(P均<0.05).其中,以LAA组增高显著(P<0.01).结论 急性脑梗死患者血清MMP-2水平增高,TOAST各亚型患者组MMP-2水平变化不同,LAA组升高最显著,支持脑梗死亚型的病因不同的论点,血清MMP-2在LAA型脑梗死发病过程中起着重要作用.