pT3 N0期直肠癌术后同期放化疗与单纯化疗的临床研究

目的：比较术后同期放化疗与单纯化疗对pT3N0期直肠癌患者随访疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析2009年1月—2011年3月行直肠癌根治性切除术的110例pT3N0期直肠癌患者临床资料,其中术后单纯化疗65例为化疗组,术后同期放化疗治疗45例为放化疗组,随访18~60个月,统计两组不良反应、随访中位无病存活期、局部复发、远处转移及存活率。结果放化疗组Ⅰ~Ⅱ级腹泻发生率高于化疗组( P<0．05)。放化疗组中位无病存活期明显长于化疗组(P<0．05);放化疗组5年局部复发率、远处转移率低于化疗组(P<0．05)。放化疗组随访5年无病存活率高于化疗组(P<0．05)。结论术后同期放化疗能明显降低pT3N0期直肠癌患者5年局部复发率,延长无病存活期,但对患者5年总存活率无明显影响,虽然腹泻发生率相比单纯化疗高,但可耐受。     

Ten years of experience with weekly chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer patients: multivariate analysis of prognostic factors

Weekly chemotherapy administration represents an emerging option for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In order to identify clinical and biological prognostic factors for outcome, we performed a multivariate analysis in a 10-year experience of weekly chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer patients. The original databases of phase II trials of metastatic breast cancer patients who had undergone first-line weekly chemotherapy were collected. Clinical and biological covariables were screened for a possible relationship with time to progression and overall survival in a Cox model. From 1990 to 2003, 184 patients were enrolled in three consecutive phase II studies, to evaluate activity and tolerability of weekly epirubicin with lonidamine or vinorelbine or paclitaxel. All patients were evaluable for clinical variables; histological samples were available in 40 patients. At a median follow-up of 24 months, median time to progression was 9 months (95% confidence interval 8-10) and median overall survival was 34 months (95% confidence interval 24-42). Independent variables were response (hazard ratio 2.34, P<0.0001), receptor status (hazard ratio 1.62, P=0.01) and performance status (hazard ratio 2.31, P<0.0001) for time to progression, and response (hazard ratio 1.86, P=0.005), performance status (hazard ratio 2.81, P<0.0001), dominant metastatic site (hazard ratio 2.27, P<0.0001) and enrollment period (hazard ratio 2.51, P=0.001) for overall survival. Although no biological factors were entered into the Cox model owing to the small sample size, some subpopulations showed a negative trend in survival. In our series of patients who had undergone weekly chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer, independent prognostic factors for survival improvement were responders, performance status 0-1, nonvisceral dominant metastatic site and enrollment period. A greater sample population is needed to extensively screen for biological prognostic factors.     

T1~2期伴1~3个腋窝淋巴结转移术后未行放射治疗乳腺癌患者的局部复发风险及生存分析

目的 通过对 1~3个腋窝淋巴结（ALNs）阳性早期乳腺癌患者的分子分型与局部复发及预后相关性进行探讨,为进一步完善术后放射治（PMRT）的个体化适应证提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2009—2012年我院就诊的489例未行PMRT的pT1~2N1M0（1~3个ALNs阳性）患者。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算局部复发率（LRR）、无病生存率（DFS）和总生存率（OS）,采用Log-rank检验和Cox回归模型确定影响不同分子分型患者LRR及与预后的临床病理因素。结果 489例未行PMRT的pT1~2N1M0乳腺癌患者中Luminal A型、Luminal B（HER-2阴性）型和三阴型分别为229、196和 64例。中位随访时间为 75个月（5~115个月）,对分子分型进行亚组分析显示,三阴型 5年 LRR高于非三阴型,5年DFS和OS均低于非三阴型,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。然而,在Luminal A型和Luminal B（HER-2阴性）型之间5年LRR、DFS和OS差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。多因素Cox回归分析表明年龄≤35岁、pT2分期和三阴型是LRR的独立不良预后因素。结论 分子分型有助于个体化区别伴1~3个ALNs转移的pT1~2N1M0乳腺癌患者的局部复发风险,对于LRR较高的年龄≤35岁、pT2分期及三阴型乳腺癌患者推荐行PMRT以改善预后。     

术后补充化疗对完整周期新辅助化疗后未获pCR的ⅡA~ⅢB期乳腺癌患者预后的影响

目的 探讨术后补充化疗对完整周期新辅助化疗后未获病理完全缓解（pCR）的ⅡA~ⅢB期乳腺癌患者预 后的影响。方法 回顾性分析行完整周期新辅助化疗后未获 pCR的 208例ⅡA~ⅢB期的乳腺癌患者,其中 81例患 者术后行补充化疗（补充化疗组）,127例未行补充化疗（未补充化疗组）。分析 2组患者 3年总生存率、3年无病生存 率及影响复发转移的因素。结果 中位随访时间 40 个月,全组无病生存率为 76.9%（160/208）,3 年总生存率为 88.9%（185/208）。补充化疗组较未补充化疗组无病生存率提高（87.7% vs. 72.4%,P＜0.05）。补充化疗组和未补充化 疗组 3年总生存率分别为 94.2%和 92.1%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。单因素分析表明雌激素受体（ER）状态、孕 激素受体（PR）状态、HER-2状态及术后补充化疗情况是无病生存的影响因素（P＜0.05）,多因素分析显示术后未补 充化疗（HR=2.044,P=0.033）和 HER-2阳性（HR=3.418,P＜0.001）是影响患者无病生存不良预后的独立危险因素。 结论 术后补充化疗可提高完整周期新辅助化疗后未获 pCR的ⅡA~ⅢB期乳腺癌患者的无病生存率,HER-2阳性 患者的预后更差。     

多西他赛联合表柔比星新辅助化疗治疗炎性乳腺癌效果观察

目的：研究多西他赛（ DOC）联合表柔比星（ EPI）新辅助化疗方案治疗炎性乳腺癌（ inflammatory breast cancer,IBC）的临床疗效、毒性反应和预后。方法选择我院2008年7月-2013年10月收治的 IBC 53例,按化疗方案不同分为研究组22例和对照组31例,研究组应用 DOC 联合 EPI 治疗方案,对照组应用5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）联合EPI、环磷酰胺（ CTX）方案,21 d为1个周期,治疗4个周期后3~4周视情况行根治性切除术。术后评估两组临床疗效及毒性反应,随访1年,评价预后。结果研究组部分缓解率和总有效率均高于对照组（ P 〈0.05）。研究组1例、对照组2例因疾病进展未能接受手术治疗。随访1年,研究组远处转移率低于对照组,无瘤生存率高于对照组（P 〈0.05）。结论 DOC联合 EPI新辅助化疗方案治疗 IBC的临床疗效显著,毒副作用可耐受,可能是 IBC 新辅助化疗的优选方案。     

Goserelin as ovarian protection in the adjuvant treatment of premenopausal breast cancer: a phase II pilot study

The aim of the present trial was to investigate the protective effects on ovarian function, and the efficacy and tolerability of goserelin added to adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Following surgical treatment, 64 premenopausal patients with early breast cancer received goserelin 3.6 mg (every 28 days for 1 year) and an adjuvant treatment which was chosen according to the patient's prognosis. Median age was 42 years (range 27-50). ECOG performance status was 0-1 in all patients. Twenty-eight patients (44%) had estrogen receptor (ER)+ tumors and 36 (56%) patients had ER- tumors. Fifty-two (81%) patients had stage II disease and 12 (19%) had stage III disease. Eighteen patients received cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy, 46 patients received an anthracycline-based regimen, and nine of them received high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. Fifty-one patients (80%) were irradiated. ER+ patients also received tamoxifen for 5 years. Serum estradiol was suppressed to values below 40 pg/ml in all patients. After a median follow-up of 55 months, 86% of patients had resumed normal menses, 84% of patients were disease-free and 94% were alive. The 1-, 3- and 5-year projected recurrence-free survival rates were 100, 81 and 75%, respectively. Five years after treatment one patient had a pregnancy that ended with a normal childbirth. No unexpected adverse events were reported. These data show that the addition of goserelin to adjuvant therapy of premenopausal patients with early breast cancer is well tolerated and protects long-term ovarian function.     

老年局部晚期乳腺癌新辅助化疗的疗效分析

目的老年乳腺癌患者具有伴随疾病多,化疗耐受性相对较差等特点,本研究旨在分析新辅助化疗在老年局部晚期乳腺癌中的疗效。方法收集2004年1月至2011年12月经细胞学或组织学证实的老年局部晚期乳腺癌29例。全部患者接受术前2～6个周期的新辅助化疗。化疗方案分别为：CMF（环磷酰胺,甲氨蝶呤,氟尿嘧啶）,CEF（环磷酰胺,表柔比星,氟尿嘧啶）,TE（多西他赛,表柔比星）。化疗后按照实体瘤疗效评价标准（RECIST 1.1）评价近期疗效。不良反应按照WHO抗肿瘤药物毒性反应分级标准分为0～Ⅳ级。采用电话和信件的方式进行随访。结果29例患者中,CR 2例（6.9%）,PR 19例（65.5%）,SD 6例（20.7%）,PD 2例（6.9%）,总有效率（CR＋PR）为72.4%（21/29）。本组中无严重心脏毒性反应,无副反应导致的死亡事件发生。术后随访12至84个月,随访率为93.1%。3年总生存率为51.3%。结论新辅助化疗在某些老年局部晚期乳腺癌患者中可能是安全而有效的。     

乳腺癌保乳治疗指征初探

目的 探讨原发肿瘤直径大干4．0cm的乳腺癌是否适于保乳治疗。方法 将65例接受保乳治疗的乳腺癌患者按原发肿瘤最大直径的大小分为A、B两组。A组直径4．0～6．0cm，B组直径≤4．0cm。保乳手术前后均给予CAF方案化疗一次。然后再分别给予总剂量为70Gy的外照射。放疗的同时配合化疗。雌、孕激素受体阳性者均给予TAM口服。结果 随访5年，术后局部复发率，A组为5．6％，B组为2．1％；5年生存率，A组为83．3％(15／18)，B组为89．4％(42／47)。结论 原发肿瘤直径4．0cm以上的乳腺癌配合放疗及全身治疗。可初步被认为是保乳治疗的指征。     

三维适形放疗同期化疗综合治疗局限期小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的 评价三维适形放射治疗同期化疗综合治疗局限期小细胞肺癌的疗效及不良反应.方法 33例局限期小细胞肺癌患者行EP方案化疗,3周为1个周期,共行6个周期.放疗在化疗第1个周期或第3个周期同期进行,照射野包括原发病灶和纵隔,照射剂量45 Gy/3周,每次1.5 Gy.每天2次.结果 33例入组患者同期放化疗毒性可耐受.总有效率(CR+PR)97%.随访3年,中位生存时间为21.9个月,中位局部无进展生存时间为18.5个月,1、2、3年局部无进展生存率分别为66.7%、45.5%、30.3%,1、2、3年总生存率分别为69.7%、51.5%、30.3%.结论 三维适形放射治疗同期化疗综合治疗局限期小细胞肺癌疗效较好,毒副反应患者能耐受,安全可行.     

FEC-T方案治疗高危乳腺癌患者的疗效研究

目的研究3周FEC序贯3周多西他赛与6周期FEC化疗方案对高危乳腺癌的疗效和安全性。方法中平能化医疗集团总医院自2004年1月—2006年1月术后确诊126例高危乳腺癌患者,随机分为两组。一组给予FEC6周化疗,另一组给予3周FEC序贯3周多西他赛化疗,观察其疗效与安全性。结果126例患者平均随访63个月,FEC组5年DFS为74．2％,OS为86．8％,FEC—T组5年DFS为79．2％,OS为90．8％。结论在高危乳腺癌患者中,三周FEC序贯三周多西他赛在无病生存及总生存方面优于六周FEC。     

Cost-utility analysis of survival with epoetin-alfa versus placebo in stage IV breast cancer

BACKGROUND: In a multinational trial of anaemic patients with cancer receiving nonplatinum-containing chemotherapy, epoetin-alfa effectively increased haemoglobin levels, reduced red blood cell transfusion requirements, and improved QOL. Although the study was not designed or powered to evaluate survival, a survival trend was noted favouring epoetin-alfa compared with placebo (median survival 17 vs 11 months [p = 0.126]). OBJECTIVES: To determine the incremental cost utility of epoetin-alfa versus placebo in anaemic patients with stage IV breast cancer from a UK National Health Service perspective. METHODS: Patient data regarding transfusions, epoetin-alfa usage, chemotherapy treatment cycles, and adverse events were recorded, with survival follow-up for 12-36 months post-study. Stage IV breast cancer therapy costs were collected by surveying UK oncologists, and utilities for associated health states were from published sources. Costs were in British pounds and year 2000 values. Costs and benefits were jointly determined for the stage IV breast cancer subgroup (n = 55). Incremental cost-utility ratios (ICURs) were calculated assuming a 6% annual discount rate for costs and a 1.5% annual discount rate for benefits. Bootstrap simulations (10,000 iterations) were conducted to account for uncertainty, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to establish robustness. RESULTS: The ICUR for epoetin-alfa treatment was pounds 8,851 per QALY, with a 99% probability of a positive net benefit in QALYs (net benefit = 0.4805 years of perfect life) and a 94% probability of being acceptable using a threshold ICUR of pounds 30,000/QALY. The main cost drivers distinguishing epoetin-alfa from placebo were the costs of drug and patient care due to increased survival. CONCLUSIONS: The available data suggest a high probability of favourable cost-utility outcomes with epoetin-alfa treatment for anaemia in patients with stage IV breast cancer receiving nonplatinum-containing chemotherapy. Additional studies are warranted.     

Taxane-based adjuvant chemotherapy in node positive, early stage Turkish breast cancer patients

Adjuvant chemotherapy decreases the risk of breast cancer recurrence in patients with breast cancer. In addition, it increases the rate of survival. Therefore, various chemotherapy regimens are administered in the treatment of breast cancer. The efficacy of taxane-based adjuvant chemotherapies has been demonstrated in various trials. This trial was designed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of taxane-based chemotherapies in lymph node-positive, early-stage Turkish breast cancer patients. 29 patients receiving TAC regimen and 29 patients receiving AC+P regimen were evaluated. 6 courses of TAC regimen were administered every 3 weeks (docetaxel 75 mg/m², doxorubicine 50 mg/m², cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m²). The other patient group was administered AC+P regimen (4 courses of doxorubicin 60mg/m², cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m² combination every 2 weeks, followed by paclitaxel 175 mg/m² for 4 courses every 2 weeks). The 1-year, 2-year and 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 96.3%, 81.1% and 72.8% respectively. No significant difference was detected in DFS between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients on the taxane regimen (p=0.82). There was no significant difference in DFS between estrogen or progesterone receptor positive and negative patients (p=0.46). Disease-free survival of patients receiving TAC and AC+P adjuvant chemotherapy regimen was compared. The follow-up period of patients on AC+P chemotherapy was longer than those receiving TAC (AC+P mean 38.6±12.8 months, TAC mean 17.1±5.4 months). No significant difference was observed upon evaluation of both treatment arms with respect to DFS (p=0.92). In conclusion, this trial once more demonstrated that taxane-based adjuvant chemotherapy was effective and safe in lymph node-positive, early-stage Turkish breast cancer patients.     

100例乳腺癌保乳综合治疗临床分析

目的 研究乳腺癌保乳综合治疗的方法与疗效。方法 100例Ⅰ～Ⅱ期原发性乳腺癌病例施保乳手术（局部乳腺切除＋腋淋巴结清扫术）、术中或术后瘤床插植近距放疗＋化疗。手术后2～4周再接受全乳腺外照射剂量为50Gy。激素受体阳性的患者均接受三苯氧胺治疗,随访时间中位数为42个月。结果 经随访10～96个月,平均42个月,双乳对称,外形美观。无1例出现局部复发,无死亡病例,1例出现骨转移。结论 Ⅰ～Ⅱ期乳腺癌实施保乳综合治疗,可以取得满意的临床效果,可成为早期乳腺癌的首选治疗方法。     

Single-agent trastuzumab versus trastuzumab plus cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer: a single-institution experience

Trastuzumab has shown significant single-agent activity in patients with Her-2/neu overexpressing metastatic breast cancer, and increased response rates, progression-free and overall survival when added to standard chemotherapy. Despite higher response rates, the combination with chemotherapy has higher toxicity and it remains unknown whether single-agent trastuzumab is equally effective as the combined treatment in terms of progression-free and overall survival. We therefore carried out a retrospective multivariate analysis of 117 patients with Her-2/neu overexpressing metastatic breast cancer who were treated with trastuzumab with or without chemotherapy at a single institution between November 1999 and December 2003. Response rates tended to be higher in patients receiving trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy (34 versus 8%, p=0.060). However, this did not translate into a benefit in progression-free survival: median (95% confidence interval) progression-free survival was 6.2 (4.45-7.95) months in patients receiving trastuzumab plus chemotherapy versus 4.2 (1.77-6.63) months in those receiving single-agent trastuzumab (p=0.560). Likewise, no significant difference in overall survival was observed: 27.0 (19.9-34.0) versus 23.1 (16.2-30.0) months (p=0.809). We conclude that in the absence of extensive visceral involvement necessitating a higher response rate, single-agent trastuzumab may be a safe and less-toxic alternative to its combined use with other chemotherapy agents. This needs to be confirmed in prospective randomized trials.     

58例乳腺癌的保乳手术临床疗效观察

目的探讨早期乳腺癌保乳手术的适应证及近期疗效。方法我院自2000年1月至2006年12月,采用保乳治疗乳腺癌58例,术后依据淋巴结有无转移,雌、孕激素受体及cerbB-2表达情况给予相应的放疗、化疗及内分泌治疗。结果全组随诊20～70个月,局部无复发,1例出现腰椎转移。结论保乳治疗早期乳腺癌是可行的且美容效果好。     

乳腺癌肝转移的不同治疗方法比较

目的 比较手术治疗、全身化疗、全身化疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞对乳腺癌肝转移的疗效.方法 回顾性分析1996年1月至2008年10月52例乳腺癌肝转移临床资料,根据治疗方法分为手术组(12例)和单纯全身化疗组(22例)和全身化疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞组(18例),分析3组的疗效及预后,比较不同治疗方法的疗效.结果 52例乳腺癌术后肝转移患者,全组治疗有效27例(51.9%),手术组有效4例(33.3%),单纯全身化疗组有效11例(50.0%),全身化疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞组有效12例(66.6%).1、2、3年生存率手术治疗组分别为25.0%(3例)、8.3%(11例)、0,单纯全身化疗组分别为31.8%(7例)、13.6%(3例)、9.1%(2例),全身化疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞组分别为44.4%(8例)、33.3%(6例)、11.1%(2例),全身化疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞组生存率明显优于手术治疗组和单纯全身化疗组(P<0.05).结论 采用全身化疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗乳腺癌术后肝转移疗效较好,值得临床进一步推广.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the efficacy of hepatectomy and chemotherapy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization plus chemotherapy on breast cancer complicated with liver metastases. Methods Clinical features of 52 breast cancer patients with liver metastases from 1996 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Fifty-two patients were divided into surgery group (group Ⅰ) , systemic chemotherapy group (group Ⅱ) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus chemotherapy group (group Ⅲ). The efficacies of different treatment approaches were compared. Results The total responsive rate was 51.9% for among all patients. TACE plus chemotherapy produced a significantly higher partial response rate 66. 6% in comparison with 50. 0% (11 cases) of systemic chemotherapy and 33.3% ( 4 cases ) of hepatectomy ( P < 0. 05 ). The median survival time was 16 months ( 2-50 months)and 1-year, 2-year, 3-year survival rate in three groups was 25.0% , 8. 3% , 0( group I ) , 31. 8% , 13.6%, 8.9%(group Ⅱ)and 44.4%, 33.3%, ll.l%(group Ⅲ), respectively. The survival time of group Ⅲ was the longest (P <0.05). Conclusion Chemotherapy plus TACE may be an effective and safe treatment for liver metastases after breast cancer.     

卡培他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌的临床研究

目的 探讨卡培他滨联合顺铂治疗蒽环类及紫杉类耐药的晚期乳腺癌的临床效果.方法 选取解放军第三二三医院肿瘤中心的19例蒽环类及紫杉类耐药的晚期乳腺癌患者,给予卡培他滨联合顺铂治疗,21 d为1个周期,所有患者均治疗2个周期以上,观察临床疗效及不良反应.结果 19例患者中完全缓解1例,部分缓解9例,稳定6例,进展3例,总有效率为52.6％.中位无疾病进展生存期6.0个月（95％CI：4.4 ～7.6个月）,中位生存期15.0个月（95％ CI：13.0 ～ 16.9个月）.主要的毒性反应有骨髓抑制、乏力、胃肠道反应及手足综合征等,为可逆性,无治疗相关死亡.结论 卡培他滨联合顺铂疗效较好,毒性反应可耐受,可作为蒽环类及紫杉类耐药的晚期乳腺癌患者的治疗选择.     

新辅助化疗在乳腺癌患者中应用的有效性研究

目的研究新辅助化疗在乳腺癌患者中应用的有效性,为乳腺癌的治疗提供临床依据。方法2008年1月-2010年1月来本院进行住院治疗的120例乳腺癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各60例,其中治疗组给予新辅助化疗后进行手术治疗,对照组只进行手术治疗。结果术后3个月和术后6个月治疗组CR比例明显高于对、照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而对照组PD比例明显高于治疗组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,并且两组患者的局部复发、远处转移、总生存比例、无瘤生存比例差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论新辅助化疗能明显提高手术治疗的临床疗效,但是对于远期生存率的改善情况应当进一步研究。     

Salvage chemotherapy with mitoxantrone and mitomycin with or without methotrexate in advanced breast cancer.

Thirty-three patients with advanced and refractory breast cancer were treated with two mitoxantrone-containing regimens (mitoxantrone plus mitomycin and mitoxantrone plus mitomycin plus methotrexate). All patients had received previous chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF); cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and fluorouracil (CAF); or CMF and CAF. Partial response occurred in five patients (15 +/- 12%), stable disease occurred in 15 patients (45 +/- 17%) and progressive disease occurred in 13 patients (40 +/- 17%). The median duration of response was 5 months. The median actuarial survival was 11 months. Toxicity was mild, even in patients who had previously received anthracyclines; generally it was mainly hematological. We thus recommend mitoxantrone-containing regimens as salvage chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer.     

威海市1636例乳腺癌患者不同治疗策略与预后的相关性分析

目的通过对大样本乳腺癌治疗相关策略与预后关系分析,建立具有临床实用价值的预后模型,为乳腺癌防治提供科学依据。方法对解放军第404医院、威海市立医院(包括总院及南院区)、威海市妇女儿童医院2005-01～2009-12收治的具有明确组织类型和TNM分期的1636例乳腺癌患者,经查阅病历并随访,回顾性分析、比较治疗策略对乳腺癌患者生存预后的影响。结果共随访1636例乳腺癌患者,失访154例,随访率90.6%,有效病例1482例。治疗相关因素包括手术、化疗方案的选择、放疗在内的3个变量,均与远期生存相关(P<0.05)。结论在乳腺癌治疗策略中,手术、化疗方案的选择及放疗是威海市乳腺癌患者预后的独立影响因素。