21-羟化酶缺陷症伴肾上腺腺瘤及睾丸肾上腺残余肿瘤一例

目的 分析1例21-羟化酶缺陷症伴肾上腺腺瘤及睾丸肾上腺残余肿瘤患者的临床特点及分子遗传学诊断.方法 全面收集1例单纯男性化型21-羟化酶缺陷症患者的临床资料,对患者睾丸肿瘤组织进行病理活检,并采用PCR产物直接测序方法明确CYP21基因突变.结果 患者为中年男性,因"右侧肾上腺皮质腺瘤术后,左侧肾上腺肿块"入院;激素测定示:ACTH、孕酮、17-羟孕酮、雄烯二酮、睾酮明显高于正常值,CT示右侧肾上腺切除术后、左侧肾上腺弥漫性增生伴多发结节,精液常规未见精子.睾丸活检示:纤维组织增生伴玻璃样变和局灶钙化.基因测序检测到患者CYP21基因第2号内含子纯合突变.结论 未经诊治的21-羟化酶缺陷症患者可能伴发肾上腺腺瘤和(或)睾丸肾上腺残余肿瘤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics in a male patient with 21hydroxylase deficiency combined with adrenal and testicular tumors.Methods Clinical features and laboratory data were collected from the patient.Testicular biopsy was performed.The CYP21 gene was sequenced for mutations.Results The patient presented left adrenal and testicular enlargements.The laboratory examinations showed that plasma ACTH,androstenedione,testosterone,progesterone,and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were markedly elevated.CT scan revealed that the right adrenal gland being resected and the left adrenal with nodular enlargement.Furthermore,testicular biopsy showed a prominent peritubular fibrosis with increased number of peritubular fibroblasts,tubular hyalinisation,and calcification.Sequencing analysis showed a A>G homozygous mutation at intron 2.Conclusion Patients with untreated 21-hydroxylage deficiency may.have adrenal adenomas and(or)testicular adrenal rest tumor simultaneously.     

21-羟化酶缺陷症伴肾上腺腺瘤及睾丸肾上腺残余肿瘤一例

目的 分析1例21-羟化酶缺陷症伴肾上腺腺瘤及睾丸肾上腺残余肿瘤患者的临床特点及分子遗传学诊断.方法 全面收集1例单纯男性化型21-羟化酶缺陷症患者的临床资料,对患者睾丸肿瘤组织进行病理活检,并采用PCR产物直接测序方法明确CYP21基因突变.结果 患者为中年男性,因"右侧肾上腺皮质腺瘤术后,左侧肾上腺肿块"入院;激素测定示:ACTH、孕酮、17-羟孕酮、雄烯二酮、睾酮明显高于正常值,CT示右侧肾上腺切除术后、左侧肾上腺弥漫性增生伴多发结节,精液常规未见精子.睾丸活检示:纤维组织增生伴玻璃样变和局灶钙化.基因测序检测到患者CYP21基因第2号内含子纯合突变.结论 未经诊治的21-羟化酶缺陷症患者可能伴发肾上腺腺瘤和(或)睾丸肾上腺残余肿瘤.     

21-羟化酶缺陷症伴睾丸肾上腺残余瘤3例诊治并文献复习

目的提高临床医生对21-羟化酶缺陷症(21-OHD)伴睾丸肾上腺残余瘤(TART)的认识水平。方法分析2010年5月至2021年5月解放军总医院第一医学中心确诊的3例男性21-OHD伴TART患者的临床、实验室和影像学资料及其诊治经过, 并对临床转归进行随访。结果 3例患者均以双侧肾上腺占位首诊;就诊年龄27～42岁, 身高145～162 cm。实验室检查均示孕酮、17-羟孕酮(17-OHP)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)升高。均经CYP21基因检测确诊。1例患者睾酮异常升高, 2例患者睾酮降低;3例患者黄体生成素(LH)及卵泡刺激素(FSH)均明显低于正常范围。睾丸超声均示双侧睾丸内高回声肿块。肾上腺CT均显示双侧肾上腺增粗伴占位。3例患者均给予地塞米松治疗, 随访4～96个月, 患者17-OHP控制在中线以上水平, 1例患者经治疗后婚育。双侧肾上腺增生及睾丸肿物均有不同程度的缩小, 且两者大小变化呈正比。结论 21-OHD患者易合并TART, 导致睾丸功能受损。早期使用糖皮质激素治疗有益于缩小TART大小、恢复睾丸功能。     

新复合杂合突变致非经典型21-羟化酶缺陷症

目的分析1例不典型表型的21-羟化酶缺陷症（210HD）患者的诊断过程和分子遗传学资料。方法根据患者临床资料、激素测定及影像学资料确诊，PCR产物直接测序方法检测CYP21基因突变。结果患者为老年女性，以高血压就诊；基础激素测定示孕酮、睾酮、雄烯二酮、空腹17-羟孕酮等高于正常水平；双侧肾上腺结节样增生；快速ACTH兴奋试验显示，激发后17-羟孕酮水平为68．3μg／L。基因测序发现，CYP21基因编码区C1187T（R356W）杂合突变，合并启动子区域C-125T，G-112A，T-109C三个位点相联杂合突变，该复合杂合突变类型尚未见文献报道。结论CYP21基因编码区C1187T杂合突变合并启动子区域C-125T，G-112A，T-109C三位点相联杂合突变可能与不典型表现的210HD的发生有关。     

先天性肾上腺皮质增生症——21-羟化酶缺陷症姐妹二例报告

例1,10岁,出生后外生殖器异常,一直以女性身份抚养,无月经来潮。足月顺产,母孕期无明显感染及服用雄激素等药物史。查体：血压100／70mmHg,身高130cm,全身皮肤轻度色素沉着,以乳晕及外阴明显;乳房未发育,无阴毛,阴蒂增大似阴茎长度约4．5cm,阴唇融合似阴囊,外阴及双侧腹股沟区未触及睾丸,阴蒂腹侧根部可见尿生殖窦开口,未见阴道口。     

21-羟化酶缺陷症伴右肾上腺"瘤样"增生1例

1 病历摘要 患者30岁,社会性别为男性.因"阴蒂矫形术后23年,发现右肾上腺肿块一年余"入院.患者于23年前被发现阴蒂增大突出伴身高、体重增长加速,染色体核型46,XX,24 h尿17-羟类固醇(17-OH)、17-酮类固醇(17-KS)明显升高,在外院诊断为先天性肾上腺皮质增生症(CAH)并行阴蒂成形术,术后补充泼尼松3个月后(剂量不详)自行停用至今.之后患者逐渐出现声音低沉、颜面痤疮和喉结突出等男性化表现.     

11β-羟化酶缺陷症研究进展

11β-羟化酶缺陷症(11β-OHD)是引起先天性肾上腺皮质增生症(CAH)的第二大病因,为常染色体隐性遗传病,由CYP11B1基因突变引起.临床表现为低肾素性高血压、低血钾、高雄激素血症所致男性患者的性早熟或女性患者的假两性畸形.目前临床上对CAH的认识大部分仅局限于21-羟化酶缺陷症,但对11β-OHD尚缺乏深入的...     

17α-羟化酶缺陷症一例

患者,女．1生,19岁。因“乏力2个月,血压升高20天”入院。患者近两个月出现全身乏力,伴夜尿增多,每晚4—5次,在当地医院查血压200／100mmHg,血钾1．8mmol／L,血醛固酮4549．9pg／ml（卧位）,5225．0pg／ml（立位）,肾上腺cT检查示双侧。肾上腺增生,诊断为叫寺发性醛固酮增多症”。给予患者螺内酯240     

21-羟化酶缺陷型先天性肾上腺皮质增生症治疗现状

21-羟化酶缺陷型先天性肾上腺皮质增生症是一类常见的人类常染色体隐性遗传病.患儿可具有失盐、脱水、两性畸形、假性性甲熟及肾上腺危象等临床征象,如何治疗该病一直为学者们所关注.近年来,在产前及出生后药物治疗领域,一些新兴药物及治疗方案在减轻患儿代谢紊乱,改善患儿身高等方面显示出了良好疗效.此外,针对该遗传性疾病的基因治疗...     

The prevalence of testicular adrenal rest tumors and associated factors in postpubertal patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency

Development of a testicular adrenal rest tumor (TART) is common in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and it can be an important cause of infertility. In the present study, we observed the prevalence of TARTs, and analyzed its associated factors in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Testicular ultrasonography was performed in 48 postpubertal male patients aged 10.6 to 27.1 years. To determine whether patients were undertreated, we analyzed the serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels to the time of ultrasonographic measurement and calculated the percentage of measurements when serum 17-OHP level was >10 ng/mL relative to the total number of measurements during the follow-up period. We divided the 6-year period before ultrasonographic measurement (time 0) into three 2-year intervals and calculated the average concentration of serum 17-OHP in each interval to give a -2(nd) to 0 year-average concentration (-2-0YAC), -4-2YAC and -6-4YAC. A TART was detected by ultrasonography in 31 of 48 patients (64.6%) and the median maximal cross-sectional area of the TARTs was 0.71 (0.03, 4.95) cm(2). The corrected final adult height was lower, and -4-2YAC and body mass index were higher in patients with TART than in those without. After controlling for the type of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, hydrocortisone-equivalent dose, age, and -6-4YAC, the size of TART was associated with a high undertreatment percentage with a marginal statistical significance. These results suggest that strict disease control is mandatory and regular examination with testicular ultrasonography is recommended in male patients, regardless of the type of 21-hydroxylase deficiency.     

Prenatal diagnosis and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) applies to a group of inherited disorders caused by an enzyme deficiency in steroid biosynthesis. The most common form of CAH is 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD), which in its severe form can cause genital ambiguity in females. Affected females experience virilization both physically and psychologically. Steroid 21-OHD can be diagnosed in utero through molecular genetic analysis of fetal DNA. Appropriate prenatal treatment by dexamethasone administration to the at-risk pregnant mother is effective in reducing genital virilization in the fetus, thus avoiding unnecessary genitoplasty in affected females. Current data from large human studies show that prenatal diagnosis and treatment are safe in the short term for both the fetus and the mother. Preliminary data from long-term studies support these results.     

Prevalence of testicular adrenal rest tumours in male children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

OBJECTIVE: Testicular adrenal rest tumours (TART) are a well-known complication in adult male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), with a reported prevalence of up to 94%. In adulthood, the tumours are associated with gonadal dysfunction most probably due to longstanding obstruction of the seminiferous tubules. The aim of our study was to determine the presence of TART and their influence on gonadal function in childhood. DESIGN: Retrospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Scrotal ultrasound was performed in 34 children with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency who were between 2 and 18 years old. FSH, LH, testosterone and inhibin B concentrations were measured in serum of 27 patients. RESULTS: TART were detected by ultrasound in 8 out of 34 (24%) children. In two of them, bilateral tumours were found. All lesions were located in the rete testis. Seven patients had the salt-wasting type of CAH; one patient had the simple virilising type of CAH. Mean tumour size was 4.1 mm (range 2-8 mm). In none of the patients were the tumours palpable. Two children with TART were between 5 and 10 years old, the other six children were above 10 years old. In all children with TART, LH, FSH, testosterone and inhibin B levels were similar to the patients without TART. CONCLUSION: TART can be found in CAH children before the age of 10 years. The absence of gonadal dysfunction in our group of children suggests that gonadal dysfunction as frequently reported in adult CAH patients with TART develops after childhood.     

Hormonal treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

During childhood, the main aims of the medical treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, are to prevent salt loss and virilization and to achieve normal stature and normal puberty. As such, there is a narrow therapeutic window through which the intended results can be achieved. In adulthood, the clinical management has received little attention, but recent studies have shown the relevance of long-term follow-up of these patients. Indeed, long-term evaluation of adult CAH patients enables the identification of multiple clinical, hormonal and metabolic abnormalities as bone mineral density alteration, overweight and disturbed reproductive functions. In women with classic CAH, low fertility rate is reported, and is probably the consequence of multiple factors, including neuroendocrine and hormonal factors, feminizing surgery, and psychological factors. Men with CAH may present hypogonadism either through the effect of adrenal rests or from suppression of gonadotropins resulting in infertility. These patients should therefore be carefully followed-up, from childhood through to adulthood, to avoid these complications and to ensure treatment compliance and tight control of the adrenal androgens, by multidisciplinary teams who have knowledge of CAH.     

非经典型21-羟化酶缺乏症基因型和临床特征

目的　对中国人非经典型 21 羟化酶缺乏症(21 OHD)基因型进行研究。方法　8例非经典型 21 OHD患者, 35例经典型 21 OHD患者,及 20例正常对照者基因组DNA用特定引物扩增CYP21的两个片段,片段 1从外显子 1→外显子 3,片段 2从外显子 3→外显子 10。用片段 1和片段 2为模板进行第二轮PCR,用特定限制性内切酶消化后经琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定突变。结果　 ( 1 ) 8例中国人非经典型 21 OHD最常见的突变为P30L(6 /16, 37. 5% ),其次为V281L(4 /16, 25. 0% ), 引起 21 羟化酶活性中、重度下降的突变i2g(3 /16, 18. 8% ),Q318X和R356W各 (1 /16, 6. 3% ),I172N(3 /16, 18. 8% )。(2)非经典型21 OHD患者ACTH1 24兴奋试验 17 OH孕酮基础值为 (23. 9±28. 4)μg/L,兴奋后为 ( 92. 0±83. 7 )μg/L。(3)基因型分型与 21 OHD的临床表型有明显的相关性。结论　(1)中国人非经典型 21 OHD最常见的突变是P30L,其次为V281L,不同于白种人。(2)对高雄激素血症患者要注意非经典型 21 OHD的诊断和筛查。