肌抑制素与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的营养不良

Objective To investigate the prevalence and severity of malnutrition in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , analyze serum levels of myostatin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C reactive protein (CRP) , and investigate the relationship between serum myostatin and malnutrition in COPD. Methods Seventy-one patients with stable COPD and 60 age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Pulmonary function was tested in all of the subjects and the severity of malnutrition was evaluated by a multiple-parameter malnutritional index (MNI). Based on the MNI scores, patients with COPD were divided into group Ⅰ (MNI≥5 score) and group Ⅱ (MNI ＜ 5 score) , the former represents the patients with severe or very severe malnutrition while the latter represents the patients with mild or without malnutrition. Serum concentration of myostatin, TNFα and CRP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The MNI score was significantly elevated in patients with COPD [(7. 75 ±3. 86)score] compared with the controls [(1. 13 ±0. 96)score; P＜0.001],and 55 patients (77%) in COPD group Ⅰ showed MNI ≥ 5 (9. 30 ± 3. 01) score. Serum myostatin concentration was significantly elevated in COPD group Ⅰ [(12. 18 ±4. 76)μg/L] than in COPD group Ⅱ [(9. 73 ±2.85) μgL] and controls [(7.93 ±2.35) μg/L], with each P ＜ 0.001. Serum TNFα concentration was also significantly elevated in patients with COPD compared with the controls (P ＜ 0. 001).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum myostatin levels were significantly correlated with MNI scores (r = 0. 438, P - 0. 000) and TNFa levels (r = 0. 234, P = 0. 041) in COPD group (combined group I and Ⅱ) while MNI scores were correlated inversely with BMI in COPD group (r = - 0. 530, P = 0. 000) . After stratified with subgroups, the correlation between myostatin levels and MNI scores was more significant and the correlation coefficient was higher (r =0.464, P =0.000) in COPD group I patients. Moreover,myostatin levels were inversely correlated with BMI (r = - 0. 287, P = 0. 034) and forced expiratory volume in one second of the predicted value (r = - 0. 264, P = 0. 049) in COPD group I patients. Conclusions Malnutrition commonly and substantially exists in patients with COPD; serum myostatin concentration is significantly elevated and is correlated with the severity of malnutrition in the patients. The elevation of serum myostatin may contribute to malnutrition in COPD patients.     

肌抑制素与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的营养不良

Objective To investigate the prevalence and severity of malnutrition in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , analyze serum levels of myostatin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C reactive protein (CRP) , and investigate the relationship between serum myostatin and malnutrition in COPD. Methods Seventy-one patients with stable COPD and 60 age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Pulmonary function was tested in all of the subjects and the severity of malnutrition was evaluated by a multiple-parameter malnutritional index (MNI). Based on the MNI scores, patients with COPD were divided into group Ⅰ (MNI≥5 score) and group Ⅱ (MNI ＜ 5 score) , the former represents the patients with severe or very severe malnutrition while the latter represents the patients with mild or without malnutrition. Serum concentration of myostatin, TNFα and CRP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The MNI score was significantly elevated in patients with COPD [(7. 75 ±3. 86)score] compared with the controls [(1. 13 ±0. 96)score; P＜0.001],and 55 patients (77%) in COPD group Ⅰ showed MNI ≥ 5 (9. 30 ± 3. 01) score. Serum myostatin concentration was significantly elevated in COPD group Ⅰ [(12. 18 ±4. 76)μg/L] than in COPD group Ⅱ [(9. 73 ±2.85) μgL] and controls [(7.93 ±2.35) μg/L], with each P ＜ 0.001. Serum TNFα concentration was also significantly elevated in patients with COPD compared with the controls (P ＜ 0. 001).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum myostatin levels were significantly correlated with MNI scores (r = 0. 438, P - 0. 000) and TNFa levels (r = 0. 234, P = 0. 041) in COPD group (combined group I and Ⅱ) while MNI scores were correlated inversely with BMI in COPD group (r = - 0. 530, P = 0. 000) . After stratified with subgroups, the correlation between myostatin levels and MNI scores was more significant and the correlation coefficient was higher (r =0.464, P =0.000) in COPD group I patients. Moreover,myostatin levels were inversely correlated with BMI (r = - 0. 287, P = 0. 034) and forced expiratory volume in one second of the predicted value (r = - 0. 264, P = 0. 049) in COPD group I patients. Conclusions Malnutrition commonly and substantially exists in patients with COPD; serum myostatin concentration is significantly elevated and is correlated with the severity of malnutrition in the patients. The elevation of serum myostatin may contribute to malnutrition in COPD patients.     

肌抑制素与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的营养不良

目的 调查慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者的营养状况,通过检测外周血清中肌抑制素的水平,探讨肌抑制素与COPD患者营养不良的关系.方法 选71例COPD稳定期患者和60例老年健康对照者,参照营养不良多参数评分(MNI)对所有受试者的营养状况进行总体评价;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测受试者血清中肌抑制素、TNFα、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平.结果 COPD患者MNI显著升高,其中MNI≥5分者55例(77%),MNI＜5分者16例.MNI≥5分者血清中肌抑制素水平为(12.18±4.76)μg/L,较MNI＜5分者[(9.73±2.85)μg/L]和健康对照者[(7.93±2.35)μg/L]显著升高(P＜0.001).COPD患者TNFα显著升高,与健康对照者比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).COPD患者血清肌抑制素水平与MNI、TNFα水平呈正相关(r=0.438,P=0.000;r=0.234,P=0.041).结论 COPD患者普遍存在较严重的营养不良,血清肌抑制素水平明显升高,营养不良与血清肌抑制素升高密切相关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence and severity of malnutrition in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , analyze serum levels of myostatin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C reactive protein (CRP) , and investigate the relationship between serum myostatin and malnutrition in COPD. Methods Seventy-one patients with stable COPD and 60 age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Pulmonary function was tested in all of the subjects and the severity of malnutrition was evaluated by a multiple-parameter malnutritional index (MNI). Based on the MNI scores, patients with COPD were divided into group Ⅰ (MNI≥5 score) and group Ⅱ (MNI ＜ 5 score) , the former represents the patients with severe or very severe malnutrition while the latter represents the patients with mild or without malnutrition. Serum concentration of myostatin, TNFα and CRP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The MNI score was significantly elevated in patients with COPD [(7. 75 ±3. 86)score] compared with the controls [(1. 13 ±0. 96)score; P＜0.001],and 55 patients (77%) in COPD group Ⅰ showed MNI ≥ 5 (9. 30 ± 3. 01) score. Serum myostatin concentration was significantly elevated in COPD group Ⅰ [(12. 18 ±4. 76)μg/L] than in COPD group Ⅱ [(9. 73 ±2.85) μgL] and controls [(7.93 ±2.35) μg/L], with each P ＜ 0.001. Serum TNFα concentration was also significantly elevated in patients with COPD compared with the controls (P ＜ 0. 001).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum myostatin levels were significantly correlated with MNI scores (r = 0. 438, P - 0. 000) and TNFa levels (r = 0. 234, P = 0. 041) in COPD group (combined group I and Ⅱ) while MNI scores were correlated inversely with BMI in COPD group (r = - 0. 530, P = 0. 000) . After stratified with subgroups, the correlation between myostatin levels and MNI scores was more significant and the correlation coefficient was higher (r =0.464, P =0.000) in COPD group I patients. Moreover,myostatin levels were inversely correlated with BMI (r = - 0. 287, P = 0. 034) and forced expiratory volume in one second of the predicted value (r = - 0. 264, P = 0. 049) in COPD group I patients. Conclusions Malnutrition commonly and substantially exists in patients with COPD; serum myostatin concentration is significantly elevated and is correlated with the severity of malnutrition in the patients. The elevation of serum myostatin may contribute to malnutrition in COPD patients.     

血清瘦素在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者营养不良发生中的意义

目的探讨血清瘦素及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者营养不良发生中的意义.方法用放射免疫法测定68例COPD患者(分为营养不良组,即COPDⅠ组35例;非营养不良组,即COPDⅡ组33例)及30例健康对照的血清瘦素、TNF-α浓度、体重指数(BMI)、理想体重百分比(NW%)、肱三头肌皮皱厚度(TSF)、上臂中部臂围(MAC),血清白蛋白(ALB)、总淋巴细胞计数(LYM)等指标.分析瘦素与各项参数及TNF-α的相关性.结果①COPD(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)组血清瘦素浓度明显低于对照组;COPDⅠ组血清瘦素浓度低于Ⅱ组和对照组;COPDⅡ组血清瘦素浓度低于对照组.②COPD患者血清TNF-α水平明显高于对照组,且COPDⅠ组高于COPDⅡ组.③各组内血清瘦素浓度与BMI和NW%呈显著正相关,在COPD组瘦素浓度与TSF、MAC、ALB和LYM呈显著正相关,在COPDⅠ组和对照组瘦素浓度与TSF呈显著正相关.各组内血清瘦素浓度与TNF-α浓度之间无显著相关性.④血清瘦素浓度在COPD组患者女性高于男性,差异有显著性意义;对照组血清瘦素浓度女性也高于男性,但差异无显著性意义.结论血清瘦素浓度与COPD患者的营养参数、性别有关,瘦素的调节不受TNF-α系统的控制,瘦素可能参与了COPD患者的营养不良.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病发生难治性营养不良的机制

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者常合并营养不良,导致呼吸肌结构和功能受损,诱发感染,加重呼吸衰竭,使患者预后不良.合理的营养支持治疗可降低病死率,但能量代谢不平衡、缺氧、肿瘤坏死因子系统及血清瘦素等作用,可导致部分患者对营养支持无反应.因而抑制肿瘤坏死因子系统活性的药物可能成为治疗COPD合并难治性营养不良的新手段.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病营养不良的研究进展

营养不良是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ COPD）患者常见的临床症状之一,是影响预后的一个独立危险因素。COPD营养不良与年龄、性别、婚姻状况以及缺氧、胃肠道功能下降、能量消耗增加、体液因子改变等多种因素有关,且COPD与营养不良相互影响,严重者形成恶性循环。正确评价COPD患者的营养状况,并给予科学合理的营养支持,可以改善患者的呼吸肌肌力、肺功能、免疫防御功能等,提高患者的生活质量,改善预后。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病营养不良研究进展

<正>在2011年底颁布的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)诊断、处理和预防全球策略~(〔1〕),对COPD的定义进行了更新。营养不良也是COPD预后不良的独立因子~(〔2〕)。由于研究的方式、人群存在一定差异,当前COPD营养不良在流行病学方面也具有丰富的多样性,国内外关于COPD患者营养状况的研究表明,营养不良发病率在20%~71%~(〔2~4〕)。Congleton~(〔5〕)采用理想体重作为     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者营养不良研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是一种严重危害人类健康的慢性炎症性疾病.据报道,在全世界疾病死亡原因中COPD占据第四位,预计到2020年,COPD将成为全球第五大疾病和全球第三大死亡原因.2011年,“全球COPD防治创意”（GOLD）执行委员会颁布的全球COPD新概念中提出,急性加重和合并症影响患者整体疾病的严重程度,即更加重视COPD的肺外反应.营养不良是COPD常见的肺外反应,并被认为是COPD患者住院病死率以及30 d再住院率的一个重要因素.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病营养不良的因素分析及治疗进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者常合并营养不良,影响患者的肺功能和免疫功能.COPD营养不良是独立于气流阻塞严重程度之外影响COPD患者预后的原因之一,是COPD预后不良的独立危险因素.     

盐酸氨溴索诱导痰在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者气道炎症研究中的应用

目的 观察老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者盐酸氨溴索诱导痰的安全性及有效性和急性加重期及稳定期老年COPD患者盐酸氨溴索诱导痰中细胞组分和可溶性介质水平变化,探讨其在气道炎症研究中的作用.方法 老年COPD急性加重期患者40例分为两组,每组20例,分别雾化吸入4 ml高渗盐水(3%)(高渗盐水组)及2 ml高渗盐水(3%)+盐酸氨溴索2 ml(15 mg)(盐酸氨溴索组)诱导排痰,对比两组患者不良反应发生率、排痰成功率、痰液中细胞组分、炎症介质.测定盐酸氨溴索组COPD患者急性加重期、稳定期诱导痰中细胞总数、单核细胞百分比、中性粒细胞百分比、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度及其第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1占预计值%.结果 两组不良反应发生率、排痰成功率分别为55.0%、25.0%和75.0%、100.0%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两种方法诱导痰的细胞成分及炎症介质比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).盐酸氨溴索组患者急性加重期诱导痰液中细胞总数、单核细胞百分比、中性粒细胞百分比、IL-8及TNF-α浓度分别为(3.45±0.52)×108/L、38.8%±4.3%、30.8%±3.1%、(316.75±43.14)ng/L及(39.40±4.58)ng/L;稳定期分别为(2.94±0.57)X108/L、29.1%±6.1%、28.2%±4.2%、(170.00±25.70)ng/L及(20.60±5.10)ng/L;急性加重期与稳定期比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);盐酸氨溴索组患者痰液中细胞总数、单核细胞及中性粒细胞百分比、IL-8及TNF-α浓度和FEV1占预计值%呈负相关(急性加重期及稳定期r值分别为-0.728、-0.793、-0.816、-0.794、-0.605及-0.635、-0.746、-0.721、-0.658、-0.654).结论 盐酸氨溴索诱导痰是一种安全、有效的研究方法,在阐明老年COPD患者气道炎症的发生、发展及病情检测中有意义.     

Protein malnutrition in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: It has been suggested that hypermetabolism or reduction of total caloric intake or a combination of both conditions occur in malnourished patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is hypothesized that protein malnutrition plays a role in the metabolism of malnourished elderly COPD patients.
Methods: Thirteen COPD patients (mean age: 75.7 years) with severe obstructive ventilatory disorder were divided into two groups: body mass index greater than 20 (group N; n  = 8) and less than 20 (group L; n  = 5). A nutritional survey and metabolic study were performed.
Results: Energy balances appeared more highly positive in group L than in group N and serum concentrations of total protein, albumin and transferrin tended to be lower in group L than in group N (all showed no statistically significant difference). The mean protein digestibility did not show any significant difference between the two groups, suggesting that group L subjects digested and absorbed the ingested dietary protein normally. Mean nitrogen balance was more highly positive in group L than in group N. The FEV₁ decreased significantly with increases in the basal metabolic rate (BMR), total daily energy expenditure and urinary nitrogen excretion, respectively (all P  < 0.05). PaO₂ was positively and significantly correlated with serum concentrations of albumin and transferrin ( P  = 0.001 and P  < 0.05), respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with BMR ( P  < 0.05).
Conclusions: It is suggested that malnourished COPD patients with lower BMI showed enhanced protein and energy metabolism. Thus, it is likely that malnourished elderly COPD patients could improve through not only supplementation of total carolic intake but also sufficient protein intake.     

内源性硫化氢在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的变化及意义

目的研究内源性硫化氢(H2S)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发病中的作用。方法COPD急性加重组(AECOPD组)27例、稳定期COPD组37例和健康对照组13名,在入选时测定血清H2S和一氧化氮(NO)水平、肺功能、诱导痰细胞分类计数,对AECOPD患者行超声心动图和血气分析。结果(1)血清H2S水平稳定期COPD组[(50·8±2·5)μmol/L]比健康对照组[(39·8±1·6)μmol/L]、AECOPD组[(33·5±2·2)μmol/L]均显著增加(P均<0·01)。(2)AECOPD组吸烟者血清H2S[(28·1±1·3)μmol/L]比非吸烟者[(39·4±3·9)μmol/L,P<0·05]和健康非吸烟者显著降低[(39·8±1·6)μmol/L,P<0·01]。(3)稳定期COPD组不同程度气流阻塞患者血清H2S水平呈线性下降趋势(P<0·05),COPD全球创议(GOLD)Ⅲ期[(45·1±4·1)μmol/L]较Ⅰ期患者[(70·2±6·2)μmol/L]血清H2S水平显著下降(P<0·05)。(4)AECOPD组伴有肺动脉高压患者血清H2S水平显著降低[(26·3±2·2)、(36·2±2·5)μmol/L,P<0·05]。(5)血清H2S与NO、第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1占预计值%)、诱导痰淋巴细胞计数、诱导痰巨噬细胞计数均呈正相关(r=0·278~0·533,P均<0·05或0·01),与肺动脉收缩压(PASP)、诱导痰中性粒细胞计数均呈负相关(r=-0·561、-0·422,P=0·011、0·001)。结论内源性H2S可能参与COPD气流阻塞的发病,作为一种无创指标监测疾病严重程度和活动度具有一定意义。     

无症状慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者特点分析

目的了解北京市农村地区无症状慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的流行病学特点。方法对北京市延庆县5个自然村40岁以上1624名进行入户调查。进行问诊、体检,填写流行病学调查问卷并进行肺功能检查。结果该地区40岁以上COPD患者148例,总患病率为9.1%(148/1624),其中无症状组62例(42%),有症状组86例(58%);无症状COPD的患病率为3.8%(62/1624)。无症状组和有症状组患者性别、年龄、职业、婚姻状况、受教育程度和吸烟情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。肺功能检测显示,有症状组第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1占预计值%)为(1.3±0.7)L、(61±23)%,与无症状组[(1.5±0.6)L、(70±22)%]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论COPD在该地区患病率较高,其中无症状COPD的比例也较高。由于COPD的诊断需要依靠肺功能测定,而早期肺功能受损不太严重时临床症状不明显,因而造成COPD的漏诊和对疾病危害的低估。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血清抵抗素和瘦素水平及其与营养状况的关系

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者血清抵抗素、瘦素水平及其与营养状况的关系。方法用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)和放射免疫法检测57例稳定期COPD患者和31名健康对照者血清抵抗素、瘦素水平,分析相关因素。结果COPD患者血清抵抗素、瘦素水平[(2·1±1·2)、(0·65±0·41)μg/L]与对照组[(3·6±2·3)、(1·03±0·71)μg/L]比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0·01)。COPD营养不良患者抵抗素、瘦素水平[(1·7±0·7)、(0·43±0·16)μg/L]显著低于非营养不良患者[(2·2±1·2)、(0·73±0·48)μg/L,P均<0·05]。COPD患者抵抗素与瘦素、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)及FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)显著正相关(r=0.426~0.531,P均<0·01),瘦素与体重指数(BMI)、胸围、腹围、抵抗素及FEV1/FVC显著正相关(r=0.371~0.580,P均<0·01)。结论COPD稳定期患者血清抵抗素、瘦素水平下降,合并营养不良时下降更显著。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者稳定期血清抵抗素水平及其影响因素分析

目的了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者血清抵抗素水平及其影响因素。方法用酶联免疫分析法和放射免疫法检测38例老年COPD稳定期患者和26例健康对照者血清抵抗素、瘦素水平,同时测定第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1%预计值、FEV1/FVC、体质指数(BMI)、理想体重百分比(IBW%)。结果COPD组血清抵抗素〔(2.01±0.94)μg/L〕、瘦素〔(0.62±0.33)μg/L〕水平与对照组〔(3.27±1.96)μg/L和(1.01±0.69)μg/L〕比较,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.01),且抵抗素与瘦素、FEV1、FEV1%预计值、FEV1/FVC呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.478、0.531、0.424、0.505,均为P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析表明,影响COPD组抵抗素水平的主要因素是瘦素、FEV1和FEV1%预计值。结论老年COPD稳定期患者血清抵抗素水平下降,气流受限和瘦素分泌的减少与抵抗素水平的下降有关。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病与支气管哮喘患者血浆抗菌肽LL-37水平的比较

目的比较慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)与支气管哮喘(哮喘)患者血浆中LL-37水平的异同,以期对COPD的鉴别诊断有所帮助.方法研究对象为2016年5月至2017年4月于北京医院就诊的COPD、哮喘患者和同期健康体检者.根据2014年COPD全球策略的病情严重程度评估标准,将纳入的COPD患者分为(A+B)组和(C+D)组2个亚组.检测各组血浆中LL-37水平,比较各组间LL-37水平的差异,并探讨LL-37水平与肺功能等指标之间的关系.结果共纳入COPD组患者129例,其中(A+B)组69例,(C+D)组60例;哮喘组患者60例;健康体检者60例(对照组).对照组、哮喘组、COPD组的血浆LL-37水平分别为(19.7±4.8)μg/L、(18.7±4.5)μg/L、(17.8±4.2)μg/L,各组间比较差异无统计学意义.(C+D)组血浆LL-37水平[(15.2±2.6)μg/L]明显低于哮喘组[(18.7±4.5)μg/L]、对照组[(19.7±4.8)μg/L]和(A+B)组[(20.1±4.0)μg/L](F=6.422,P<0.001).COPD患者血浆LL-37水平与第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1%pred之间均呈显著正相关(r=0.488、0.554,P=0.005、0.001),与改良英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表呼吸困难指数之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.397,P=0.022).结论急性加重风险较高的COPD患者血浆中的LL-37水平明显低于哮喘患者和健康人.