康艾注射液对肝癌患者经皮射频消融术后生活质量的影响

目的:观察康艾注射液对肝癌患者经皮射频消融术后生活质量的影响.方法:经皮射频消融术后的58例肝癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组.观察组(29例),给予康艾注射液和行射频消融术治疗;对照组(29例),只行射频消融治疗.术前及术后第5天使用欧洲癌症研究及治疗组织生活质量核心量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)评价患者生活质量的改变.结果:观察组治疗后躯体功能、社会功能、总体健康情况、恶心和呕吐的评分较治疗前升高,疼痛的评分较治疗前降低.对照组治疗后食欲减退、恶心和呕吐、腹泻的评分较治疗前升高.两组治疗后比较:观察组的躯体功能、总体健康情况评分较对照组升高,恶心和呕吐、食欲减退、腹泻、疼痛、疲倦、失眠的评分较对照组降低.两组术后第5天复查肝功能示甲胎蛋白均明显下降,其中观察组有恢复正常的病例.结论:康艾注射液能明显提高肝癌患者经皮射频消融术后生活质量.     

Durable oncologic outcomes after radiofrequency ablation

BACKGROUND:

Long‐term oncologic outcomes for renal thermal ablation are limited. The authors of this report present their experience with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy for 243 small renal masses (SRMs) over the past 7.5 years.

METHODS:

The authors' institutional, prospectively maintained RFA database was reviewed to determine intermediate and long‐term oncologic outcomes for patients with SRMs (generally <4 cm) who underwent RFA. Particular attention was placed on patients who had a minimum 3 years of follow‐up. Patients were excluded from the analysis if they had received previous treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on the ipsilateral kidney or if they did not have at least 1 imaging study available for follow‐up.

RESULTS:

Two hundred eight patients (with 243 SRMs) who had no evidence of previous ipsilateral renal cancer treatment underwent RFA and had follow‐up imaging studies available for review. Overall, tumor size averaged 2.4 cm, and follow‐up ranged from 1.5 months to 90 months (mean, 27 months). Of the 227 tumors (93%) that underwent preablation biopsy, RCC was confirmed in 79%. The initial treatment success rate was 97%, and the overall 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rate was 93% (90% for 160 patients who had biopsy‐proven RCC). During follow‐up, 3 patients developed metastatic disease, and 1 patient died of RCC, yielding 5‐year actuarial metastasis‐free and cancer‐specific survival rates of 95% and 99%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

RFA provided successful treatment of SRMs and produced a low rate of recurrence as well as prolonged metastasis‐free and cancer‐specific survival rates at 5 years after treatment. Although longer term follow‐up of RFA will be required to determine late recurrence rates, the current results indicated a minimal risk of disease recurrence in patients who are >3 years removed from RFA. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

保留肾单位手术对肾癌患者肾功能和生活质量的影响

目的探讨保留肾单位手术对肾癌患者肾功能和生活质量的影响。方法选取90例肾癌患者作为研究对象,依据随机数字表法将患者分为保留肾单位组(行保留肾单位手术)和根治性肾切除术组(行根治性肾切除手术),每组45例。比较两组患者术前及术后6个月的血肌酐和尿素氮水平及生活质量,采用Pearson法分析血肌酐和尿素氮水平与生活质量的相关性。结果术后6个月,根治性肾切除术组患者的血肌酐和尿素氮水平均高于本组术前,保留肾单位组患者的血肌酐和尿素氮水平均低于根治性肾切除术组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月,两组患者环境领域、社会领域、心理领域、生理领域以及总体健康评分均较本组术前升高,且保留肾单位组患者的上述评分均高于根治性肾切除术组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,保留肾单位组患者的血肌酐和尿素氮水平与环境领域、社会领域、心理领域、生理领域以及总体健康评分均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论肾癌患者行保留肾单位手术后的肾功能与生活质量有密切关系,保留肾单位手术有助于改善肾癌患者的肾功能与生活质量。     

Salvage of local recurrence after primary thermal ablation for small renal masses

The management of renal tumors has evolved rapidly over the last two decades, with the ascendance of nephron-sparing surgery (NSS), largely spurred by the increased incidental detection of small renal masses (SRMs) and evidence that preservation of renal parenchyma reduces the risk of chronic kidney disease. The field of NSS itself has advanced beyond the standard of open partial nephrectomy, with the application of minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopy and thermal ablation. Energy-based ablative therapies, which include cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation, are associated with reduced morbidity and represent a nascent but promising alternative to surgical extirpation in the treatment of SRMs. However, thermal ablation is associated with a higher rate of local tumor recurrence when compared with surgical excision, indicating that salvage therapy will be a necessity for some patients. With recent studies indicating that surgical excision of previously ablated kidneys can be complicated by significant fibrosis, clinicians who advocate thermal ablation must be cognizant of the sequelae of this treatment modality and versed on the potential difficulties associated with salvage surgery. We provide, herein, an assessment of the efficacy and limitations of primary thermal ablation and strategies for salvage treatment of local recurrence in this growing patient population.     

State-of-the-art surgical management of renal cell carcinoma

There is a recognizable increase in the incidence of renal cell carcinoma and a parallel rise in the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma has occurred. However, recent literature shows that not all small, suspected renal cell carcinoma needs to be treated surgically, especially in elderly patients or those with multiple medical comorbidities. The surgical options for renal cell carcinoma have expanded from traditional open nephrectomy to partial nephrectomy and, at present, more recent outcomes data are available for the laparoscopic versions of these surgeries. Short-term results of thermal ablative technology (radiofrequency and cryoablation) show real promise as minimally invasive therapies. This review examines the most up-to-date outcomes and future directions of the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma.     

索拉非尼对晚期肾癌患者生活质量的影响

目的：探讨索拉非尼对晚期肾癌患者生活质量的影响。方法：通过ＱＬＱ Ｃ３０量表对患者进行生活质量调查。结果：索拉非尼在治疗４周后与治疗前基线状态相比总体健康状况显著恶化,患者的角色、认知和社会功能显著降低。１６周后,上述评分恢复。经济问题在治疗第４周与治疗前相比,评分显著升高,在第６、１０、１２周均存在,在第１６周差异不显著。结论：索拉非尼对晚期肾癌患者生活质量的影响可能是负面的,暂时的,患者可以耐受。     

超声引导下肝癌射频消融术的疗效及其对患者生命质量的影响

目的：观察超声引导下肝癌射频消融术的疗效及其对患者生命质量的影响.方法：92例肝癌143个病灶行超声引导下射频消融术治疗.于围手术期给予患者综合护理,分别于术前、术后进行血清学和影像学检查,并应用肝癌生命质量量表测定生命质量.结果：97.9％的肝癌患者RFA术后症状有不同程度的改善,未出现严重并发症.转氨酶出现一过性升高,并于术后一周恢复,AFP水平较术前明显下降.肝癌病灶完全消融率71.3％,不全消融率28.7％.术后1年、2年的总生存率分别为90.7％、73.2％.结论：RFA是一种有效、安全、副作用小的肝癌非手术治疗手段,能够提高患者生命质量.围手术期的综合护理对于RFA顺利实施及术后的康复具有重要作用.     

Rapid deterioration in quality of life during interleukin-2- and alpha-interferon-based home therapy of renal cell carcinoma is associated with a good outcome

We conducted a prospective quality-of-life analysis during outpatient immunotherapy in 22 patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with subcutaneous interferon-alpha2a and subcutaneous interleukin-2. Patients' quality of life was assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality-of-life questionnaire QLQ-C30 before (week 0) and once during immunotherapy (week 3). Advanced renal cancer patients completed a total of 30 questionnaires before therapy (week 0) and after 3 weeks of therapy. Their mean quality of life (global-quality-of-health status) deteriorated significantly, from 64 to 41 (P相似文献   

Patient-reported outcomes for axitinib vs sorafenib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: phase III (AXIS) trial

Background:

Axitinib demonstrated greater progression-free survival vs sorafenib in a phase III study of previously treated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Here, we report patient-reported kidney-specific symptoms and health status, measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) Kidney Cancer Symptom Index (FKSI) and the European Quality of Life self-report questionnaire (EQ-5D).

Methods:

In all, 723 patients received axitinib (starting dose 5 mg twice daily (b.i.d.)) or sorafenib (400 mg b.i.d.). The FKSI-15, including the disease-related symptoms (FKSI-DRS) subscale, was administered on day 1 before dosing, every 4 weeks and at end of treatment (EOT)/withdrawal. Statistical methods included a mixed-effects repeated-measures model.

Results:

At baseline, patients in both arms had relatively high mean FSKI-15 and FKSI-DRS scores, comparable to the general US population. Subsequent on-treatment overall mean scores were similar between axitinib and sorafenib, and there was no substantial decline during treatment. Scores substantially worsened at EOT, mainly due to disease progression.

Conclusion:

Patient-reported outcomes were comparable for second-line axitinib and sorafenib and were maintained at relatively high levels while on treatment, but worsened at EOT. As duration of treatment was longer with axitinib than sorafenib, time to worsening of symptoms can be delayed longer with axitinib.     

Baseline quality of life as a prognostic survival tool in patients receiving sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Background:

In a randomized phase III trial of sunitinib vs interferon-alfa (IFN-α) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), better baseline quality of life (QoL) was predictive of longer survival. Using this dataset, we have developed a novel prognostic tool that establishes a relationship between baseline QoL scores and median survival time.

Methods:

Baseline QoL was assessed using the FACT-Kidney Symptom Index-15 item (FKSI-15), its disease-related symptoms (FKSI-DRS) subscale, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT-G) scale. Weibull models estimated median progression-free survival (mPFS) and overall survival (mOS) as a function of baseline QoL.

Results:

Longer PFS and OS were associated with higher baseline FKSI-15, FKSI-DRS, and FACT-G scores (P<0.05), and baseline FKSI-15 score was the best predictor of survival. For example, for a baseline FKSI-15 score of 60, the predicted mPFS was 67.9 weeks, and predicted mOS was 240.6 weeks. The magnitude of benefit was greater with sunitinib vs IFN-α for a given baseline QoL score.

Conclusion:

This novel tool indicates that baseline FKSI-15 scores were linked to mPFS and mOS in a clear and interpretable way. The results support evaluation of patient-reported QoL symptoms at baseline as a prognostic indicator of survival in clinical research and practice.     

Systematic review on quality of life outcomes after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma

Background

Despite advances in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, gastrectomy is the only curative intervention for gastric carcinoma. This study reviews post-operative health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after gastrectomy.

Methods

A literature search was conducted on PubMed for all studies published after January 2000 matching strict eligibility criteria. Bibliographies of included studies were also reviewed. Quality appraisal and data tabulation were performed using pre-determined forms. Results were synthesised by narrative review according to PRISMA guidelines with full tabulation of results of all included studies.

Results

A total of 21 studies (3,575 patients) were included. Post-operative HRQOL improvements were demonstrated across most or all domains in different HRQOL instruments. Patients experienced declines in HRQOL 1 month after surgery, but reached at least pre-operative levels with recovery by 1 year. The greatest improvements were demonstrated in the emotional health domain with favourable functional benefits. Partial gastrectomy appears to be superior to total gastrectomy in physical, emotional and functional health domains. However, patients remain susceptible to gastrointestinal symptoms following surgery, which negatively impact upon HRQOL. Post-operative complications did not appear to affect HRQOL. Most studies were prospective, but data is heterogeneous.

Conclusions

Gastrectomy results in significant HRQOL benefits across a broad range of health domains. This is critical outcome of surgery and an important consideration in pre-operative decision making.     

Prediction of late recurrence after radiofrequency ablation of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma with the age-male-albumin-bilirubin-platelets (aMAP) risk score: a multicenter study

BackgroundLong-term survivals of patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma are limited by the high incidence of tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation (RFA), identification of the risk factors and understanding the patterns of recurrence can help to improve the comprehensive management of patients after RFA. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to explore the prognostic value of the age-male-albumin-bilirubin-platelets (aMAP) score in patients with early-stage HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving RFA; investigate the risk factors and patterns of late recurrence (LR); and develop a nomogram to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS).MethodsA retrospective review of HBV-related HCC patients who underwent primary RFA from March 2012 to December 2020 was conducted. The prognostic value of the aMAP score was evaluated in a primary cohort (n=302) and then further validated in an independent validation cohort (n=143). The optimal threshold of aMAP scores was calculated by X-tile 3.6.1 software. A prognostic nomogram was constructed from multivariate analysis and validated in an external validation cohort.ResultsPatients with aMAP scores ≤63.8, 63.8–67.8, and >67.8 were classified into low-, medium-, and high-recurrence risk groups, respectively. The C-index to predict LR was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.700–0.810). The high-risk group was associated with the worst RFS (HR: 5.298; 95% CI, 2.697–10.408; P<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (HR: 2.639; 95% CI, 1.097–6.344; P=0.03) compared with medium- and low-risk groups. The aMAP score, multiple tumors and preoperative HBV DNA level were independent risk factors for LR. The proposed nomogram had excellent performance in predicting LR of HBV-related HCC [C-index: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.772–0.870)].ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the aMAP score can serve as an objective predictor of LR for HBV-related HCC patients after RFA. The nomogram based on preoperative HBV DNA level, aMAP score, and number of tumors can reliably help clinicians to stratify the recurrence risk of HCC patients after RFA.     

Equal quality of life after limb-sparing or ablative surgery for lower extremity sarcomas

This study investigated quality of life (QoL) and function of 124 patients with lower extremity sarcoma who underwent either amputation or limb-salvage surgery (LSS) in order to assess potential differences in subjective treatment outcome. The results reflect similar QoL in both treatment groups. However, in contrast to patients with LSS, who described QoL in terms of a high physical performance status with sports and recreational activities, amputees' QoL was strongly associated with their social acceptability. High QoL in amputees brings into question the expectations held with time-consuming advanced technical skills for LSS by physicians.     

Hepatitis B virus reactivation after radiofrequency ablation or hepatic resection for HBV-related small hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective study

Background and purpose

Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) happens after systemic chemotherapy, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or hepatic resection for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The incidence and risk factors of HBV reactivation after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are unclear.

Patients and methods

From August 2006 to August 2011, 218 consecutive patients with HBV-related small HCC treated with RFA (n = 125) or hepatic resection (n = 93) were retrospectively studied. The incidence of HBV reactivation and risk factors were analyzed.

Results

HBV reactivation developed in 20 (9.2%) patients after treatment. The incidence of HBV reactivation was significantly lower in the RFA group (5.6%, 7/125) than the hepatic resection group (14.0%, 13/93, P = 0.034). On univariate and multivariate analyses, no antiviral therapy (OR 11.7; 95% CI 1.52–90.8, P = 0.018) and treatment with RFA/hepatic resection (OR3.36; 95% CI 1.26–8.97, P = 0.016) were significant risk factors of HBV reactivation. On subgroup analysis, the incidence of HBV reactivation was lower in patients who received antiviral therapy than those who did not receive antiviral therapy in both the hepatic resection group (2.9% vs. 20.7%, P = 0.027) and the RFA group (0% vs. 7.6%, P = 0.188), although the difference was not significant in the latter group.

Conclusion

The incidence of HBV reactivation after RFA was relatively low when compared with hepatic resection. Prophylactic antiviral therapy is recommended, especially for patients who are going to receive hepatic resection for HBV-related HCC to decrease the incidence of post-treatment HBV reactivation.     

Assessment of health-related quality of life and patient benefit as outcome measures for clinical trials in hepatocellular carcinoma

Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility and validity of using health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and patient benefit as outcome measures in a phase II trial of octreotide long acting release (LAR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); and, to determine aspects of HRQL that were most impaired and aspects that changed. Methods: Sixty‐three patients with advanced HCC were treated with octreotide LAR. HRQL was assessed monthly with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Hepatobiliary Questionnaire (FACT‐Hep) and the Patient Disease and Treatment Assessment Form (Patient DATA Form). Benefit was assessed directly by asking subjects at 1 month about change from baseline using the Patient Benefit Form. Convergent, discriminative and predictive validity were assessed by testing a priori hypotheses. Results: Seventy‐three percent completed a baseline assessment of HRQL. Compliance decreased over time. Fatigue, energy, anxiety, pain, insomnia, and emotional well‐being were the most impaired aspects of HRQL on the Patient DATA Form. Convergent validity was supported by 52 of 57 hypothesized correlations. Predictive validity was supported by associations between survival and four aspects of HRQL. Patients' direct assessments of benefit for common symptoms were moderately associated with changes in their scores on the Patient DATA Form. Conclusion: Use of the FACT Hep and Patient DATA Form is feasible in trials of advanced HCC. The validity of the direct measure of patient benefit was questionable, despite its intuitive attraction. Fatigue, anxiety, insomnia, and impaired emotional well‐being were prominent, are probably under‐recognized in practice, and are worthy of future research.