国产封堵器介入治疗动脉导管未闭的临床分析

目的总结应用国产封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭的临床疗效。方法本组动脉导管未闭患者10例,男4例,女6例,年龄3~55岁,体重10.5~54 kg,平均肺动脉压33~49 mm Hg。降主动脉侧位造影显示病理解剖类型为管型8例,漏斗型2例,最窄处直径2~8 mm,应用国产封堵器经静脉途径行封堵术。术后超声心动图随访。结果10例患者均成功封堵,术后即刻完全封堵9例,1例有少量残余分流,术后24小时彩色多普勒超声检查示分流消失,肺动脉压均有下降,随访无严重并发症。结论国产封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭是一种安全有效的方法。     

Further experience with transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus using the Amplatzer duct occluder

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report further experience with transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using the Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO). BACKGROUND: The design of previously used devices is not ideal for this purpose, and their use has been associated with several drawbacks, especially in large PDAs. METHODS: Forty-three patients, aged 0.3 to 33 years (mean 6.4+/-6.7 years), with a moderate to large, type A to E PDA, underwent attempted transcatheter closure using the ADO. The device is a plug-shaped repositionable occluder made of 0.004-in. nitinol wire mesh. It is delivered through a 5F to 6F long sheath. The mean PDA diameter (at the pulmonary end) was 3.9+/-1.2 mm (range 2.2 to 8 mm). All patients had color flow echocardiographic follow-up (6 to 24 months) at 24 h, 1 and 3 months after closure, and at 6-month intervals thereafter. RESULTS: The mean ADO diameter was 6.1+/-1.4 mm (range 4 to 10 mm). Complete angiographic closure was seen in 40 of 43 patients (93%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 85.4% to 100%). The remaining three patients had a trivial angiographic shunt through the ADO. At 24 h, color flow mapping revealed no shunt in all patients. A 9F long sheath was required for repositioning of a misplaced 8-mm device into the pulmonary artery. The mean fluoroscopy time was 7.9+/-1.6 min (range 4.6 to 12 min). There were no complications. No obstruction of the descending aorta or the pulmonary artery branches was noted on Doppler follow-up studies. Neither thromboembolization nor hemolysis or device failure was encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter closure using the ADO is an effective and safe therapy for the majority of patients with patency of the arterial duct. Further studies are required to establish long-term results in a larger patient population.     

Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗动脉导管未闭疗效分析

目的 评价Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的临床疗效。方法 对10例管型PDA患儿用Amplatzer PDA封堵器进行堵闭，2例窗型PDA用Amplatzer房间隔双伞封堵器堵闭。在透视下经6F输送器置入封堵器，术后10分钟，行右心导管检查及主动脉弓降部造影，术后24小时、1、3个月分别行彩色多普勒超声心动图、血常规及肝肾功能检查，评价治疗效果。结果 本组技术成功率为100％，患儿心脏双期连续性杂音均消失，术后10分钟主动脉弓降部造影显示少量残余分流2例，均为窗型PDA。术后24小时超声心动图示上述2例仍有微量分流。术后24小时、1、3个月行彩色多普勒超声心动图检查，均未发现残余分流、PDA再通及封堵器移位，血常规及肝肾功能检查均正常。2例有分流的患儿术后均出现急性溶血，经积极内科治疗后好转。其余10例无并发症发生。结论 应用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗PDA安全有效，近中期疗效满意，远期疗效尚待进一步观察。对窗型PDA可试用Amplatzer房间隔封堵器堵闭。对术后发生急性溶血者可采用内科治疗。     

Comparison of percutaneous closure of large patent ductus arteriosus by multiple coils versus the Amplatzer duct occluder device

This study compared the efficacy and costs of the most used approaches for percutaneous closure of large patent ductus arteriosus, that is, multiple coils and the Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) device. From April 2000 to September 2003, 47 patients underwent closure of large, symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (diameter 4.6 +/- 3.0 mm/m(2); QP/QS 2.1 +/- 1.9) with multiple Cook detachable coils (n = 19) or the ADO device (n = 28). The multiple coil approach was significantly cheaper (1,389 +/- 168 vs 3,811 +/- 38, p <0.0001) but as effective as the ADO device over a mid-term follow-up (occlusion rate 89.5% vs 96.4%, p = NS).     

单静脉入路国产封堵器治疗儿童动脉导管未闭12例

目的探讨单静脉入路国产封堵器(Amplatzer法)治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的有效性和安全性。方法12例动脉导管未闭,病变最窄处直径为3～12(5.35±3.26)mm,经股静脉建立右房→右室→肺动脉→动脉导管→主动脉轨道,主动脉弓降部侧位造影观察PDA的位置、形态、大小,经股静脉建立的轨道进行封堵。术后即刻经胸超声及心脏听诊判断有无分流。术前、术后均行血流动力学测定,术后24h、1个月、3个月、6个月复查超声心动图,观察大动脉水平有无分流及有无PDA再通。结果12例患者全部一次封堵成功,技术成功率100%。心导管检查测肺动脉收缩压由术前轻度增高[(34.10±2.67)mmHg]降为正常[(20.30±3.10)mmHg]。所有患者术后即刻心前区双期连续性杂音消失,术后即刻彩超检查无分流,操作透视时间7.50～12.30(8.96±2.30)min。无任何并发症发生,随访1个月、3个月、6个月未发生动脉水平分流及动脉导管再通。结论单静脉入路国产封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭简化了手术程序,减少了血管并发症,缩短了操作透视时间,手术成功率高,疗效可靠,价格低廉,值得临床借鉴。     

动脉导管未闭介入堵闭后封堵器非常规脱落二例

动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arterious,PDA)属婴幼儿常见先心病,近年介入治疗合并肺动脉高压(pulmonary artery hypertension,PAH)的PDA也已取得较好的疗效.但近期我院有2例合并PAH的PDA患者在封堵后第2天封堵器意外脱落,经努力2例均经导管将脱落封堵器取出,现就其经验教训做一报道.     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

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国产封堵器介入治疗巨大动脉导管未闭的临床评价

目的应用国产封堵器经导管治疗巨大动脉导管未闭（PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法全组27（男8,女19）例,年龄6～54（24±15）岁,主动脉造影示PDA最窄径为13～28（16±4）mm。封堵后即刻和30min行侧位降主动脉造影,术后2d,1、3、6个月分别行超声心动图及X线平片检查。结果24例成功,3例PDA封堵后判断为有阻力性肺动脉高压,放弃治疗。成功的患者中,14例选用国产PDA封堵器,10例选用国产ASD封堵器。术后即刻降主动脉造影检查示,使用ASD封堵器中,有2例微量残余分流,5例少量残余分流,1例少～中量残余分流;PDA封堵器中,有4例微量残余分流,2例少量残余分流。术后30min,ASD封堵器4例微～少量残余分流,1例仍为少～中量残余分流;PDA封堵器仅2例微量残余分流。1例ASD封堵器治疗术后7h发生溶血,治疗72h溶血无减轻迹象,外科开胸取出封堵器并行PDA结扎术。术后2d,超声心动图示PDA封堵器1例微量残余分流,ASD封堵器5例微量残余分流。随访1～6个月,所有左心内径增大的患者均明显回缩,未发现残余分流和导管再通。结论应用国产封堵器经导管治疗直径≥13mm的PDA是一种安全有效地介入方法。     

国产蘑菇伞形封堵器治疗未闭动脉导管15例报告

目的评价国产蘑菇伞形动脉导管封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的即刻和早期疗效.方法15例患者,男4例,女11例,平均年龄23±18(5～65)岁.PDA平均最小直径为4.9(2.5～12.0)min,应用F7～F9长鞘管输送封堵器.结果15例患者均获成功.术后10min动脉造影显示PDA完全堵塞.无并发症.结论应用国产蘑菇伞形动脉导管封堵器经导管封堵术是治疗PDA的有效方法.     

国产封堵器介入治疗小儿动脉导管未闭并发肺动脉高压的临床疗效

目的评价国产封堵器经导管介入治疗小儿动脉导管未闭（PDA）并发肺动脉高压的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2003年12月2007年11月86（男30,女56）例小儿PDA并发肺动脉高压实施经导管介入治疗;年龄8月12（8±7）岁;体质量1146（31±8）kg;行左、右心导管检查及主动脉弓降部造影,确定PDA位置、形状及大小,PDA最窄处内径413（7±5）mm。以国产蘑菇伞堵闭器行介入治疗,根据封堵实验决定能否行永久封堵。术后24h、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年行彩色多普勒超声心动图检查。结果2例（2%）封堵后30 min肺动脉收缩压无下降,反而有轻度上升,考虑为阻力性重度肺动脉高压,撤出封堵器。余84例（98%）术后30 min肺动脉压收缩压由术前平均（69±24）mmHg（1mmHg=0.133 kPa）降为（36±14）mmHg（P<0.05）,肺动脉平均压由术前（45±14）mmHg降为（30±8）mmHg（P<0.05）,主动脉压由术前（94±10）mmHg升至（99±6）mmHg,但无统计学差异。术后30min主动脉弓降部造影显示,18例（21%）可见极少量残余分流,术后24h心脏彩超复查4例（4%）有少量残余分流,术后1月彩超复查皆无残余分流;无严重并发症发生。结论国产蘑菇伞经导管封堵治疗儿童PDA并发肺动脉高压,安全、有效,值得推广应用。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭

目的　采用Amplatzer封堵器经皮穿刺静脉治疗动脉导管未闭 ,并对其疗效、安全性及并发症进行评价。方法　 31例患者 ,年龄 0 8～ 38 0 (8 1± 6 0 )岁 ,体重 7 0～ 6 9 5 (2 7 7± 2 0 2 )kg。经静脉使用 6F传送器置入Amplatzer堵闭器 ,听诊无杂音后 10min行胸主动脉造影。术前、术后均行血流动力学测定 ,术后 2 4h、3个月、6个月行超声心动图及X线平片检查。结果　全组技术成功率10 0 %。术后即刻所有患者心前区双期连续性杂音消失 ,10min后胸主动脉造影示 2 9例完全堵闭(93 5 % ) ,仅 2例存在极少量残余分流 ,且 48h后超声心动图示该分流消失。动脉导管最窄径 1 5～8 2 (4 4± 1 7)mm ,透视时间 3 0～ 14 5 (6 7± 2 3)min。除 1例患者术后短暂胸部不适外均无任何并发症。随访 3～ 17(9 3± 3 7)个月未发生装置移位、再通或肺动脉狭窄。结论　应用Amplatzer方法经导管治疗动脉导管未闭安全简便 ,创伤小 ,适应证广 ,成功率高 ,疗效可靠 ,可用于新生儿 ,是目前治疗动脉导管未闭最理想的方法。     

高原地区用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗动脉导管未闭

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器在高原地区治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并评价其疗效。方法 :本组 2 0例 ,年龄 1.5～ 44 （2 2± 14）岁 ,PDA最窄处内径 5～ 14（9± 3） m m,均用 Am platzer封堵器介入治疗。结果 :19例成功 ,1例严重阻力性肺动脉高压不适宜封堵。术后即刻降主动脉造影显示 15例封堵完全无残余分流 ,4例少量残余分流。 1例术后 1h封堵器脱落入右肺动脉 ,第三小时急诊外科手术关闭 PDA并取出封堵器。 2 4h彩色多普勒检查显示封堵 18例患者均无分流 ,随访 2月～ 1.5年 ,无 1例分流。结论 :用 Amplatzer封堵器治疗 PDA是高原地区 1种适应性强 ,安全有效的介入治疗方法。     

Technique for closure of the small patent ductus arteriosus using the Rashkind occluder

Percutaneous transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus has become a clinically viable procedure in childhood due to the pioneering work of Rashkind and Mullins. Presented is a modification of the technique to accomplish catheter closure in the small ductus arteriosus.     

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus using the Amplatzer duct occluder: initial results and mid-term follow-up

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus is a well-established procedure. The aim of this study was to assess the initial and mid-term results of the treatment of PDA with the Amplatzer duct occluder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From October 1999 to December 2001, 30 children underwent transcatheter closure of persistent ductus arteriosus at a mean SD age of 5 4.02 years (range: 3 months to 14 years) and weight of 20.3 10.3 kg (range: 4.5-45 kg). Infants under 10 kg weight made up 46% of total patients. A lateral view aortogram was made to determine the morphology of the ductus and select the size of the device. Occlusion was achieved using the anterograde venous approach. Follow-up evaluations were made with chest X-ray and echocardiogram at 24 hours and 1, 4 and 12 months after implantation. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients (93.3%) immediately achieved complete occlusion, and on color Doppler examination the closure rate was 100% within 24 hours of implantation. There was no device embolization. In the follow-up, a 19-month-old patient developed a 20 mmHg gradient across the aortic arch. CONCLUSIONS: Patent ductus arteriosus can be easily occluded with the Amplatz Duct Occluder, which is effective and particularly useful in infants and children with relatively large PDA. Further experience and long-term follow-up are still needed to assess the safety of this device in smaller children.     

Non-surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in children with the Rashkind double disk occluder

Since the first clinical application of transcatheter closure technique for patent ductus arteriosus in children and infants in 1977 by Rashkind and Coll., this technique is routinely performed only in a few major Pediatric Cardiology Centers. We report our successful series which is the first of its kind both in Italy and in Southern Europe. The series included 11 children aged 1.6 to 10 years (mean age 4.5 years) all affected with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Subaortic stenosis (1) and ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis (1) were associated anomalies. In all of the cases, after the standard percutaneous cardiac catheterization, the Mullins method was attempted to advance and deliver the Rashkind PDA double-disk occluder. Successful closure was accomplished in 10 while almost complete closure was achieved in the 11th. Normal Doppler flow pattern after the procedure confirmed the successful results. No complications occurred. Although our experience is limited, non-surgical PDA closure provided an excellent alternative to surgical procedure.     

高原地区用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭

目的:应用Amplatzer封堵器在高原地区治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)并评价其疗效。方法:本组40例,年龄1.5～44(22.5±14.2)岁,PDA最窄处内径5～14(9.3±3.3)mm,均用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗。结果:19例成功,1例严重阻塞性肺动脉高压不适宜封堵。术后即刻降主动脉造影显示35例封堵完全无残余分流,4例少量残余分流。1例术后1h封堵器脱落入右肺动脉,第3小时急诊外科手术关闭PDA并取出封堵器。24 h彩色多普勒检查显示封堵36例患者均无分流,随访2个月～1年半,无一例分流。结论:高原地区PDA发病率高,并发肺动脉高压早且多,巨大PDA(内径>0.8 cm)比率高,用Amplatzer封堵器治疗PDA是高原地区一种适应性强、安全有效的介入治疗方法。     

应用国产封堵器治疗儿童大型动脉导管未闭的疗效研究

目的:评价应用国产封堵器经导管治疗儿童大型动脉导管未闭的安全性及有效性。方法:12岁以下大型动脉导管未闭患儿66例,应用国产封堵器经导管进行介入治疗,于术后1、3、6月及每年进行超声心动图等随访,观察有无残余分流及主动脉狭窄等,评估该方法的效果及安全有效性。结果:技术成功率97%。应用目前最大封堵器失败转外科手术1例,由于重度肺动脉高压,试封堵后肺动脉压力无明显改善而放弃治疗1例。手术即刻残余分流率为23%,随访观察1月后为3%,6月后所有64例患儿均无残余分流。结论:国产封堵器经导管治疗儿童大型动脉导管未闭安全可行。     

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in adults using the Amplatzer duct occluder: initial results and follow-up

BACKGROUND: Surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in adult patients may be problematic. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus is an established procedure. Recently, transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus using the Amplatzer duct occluder has been shown to be safe and efficacious. We present our experience with this device in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between January 2000 and January 2002,41 adult patients (31 females and 10 males) with a patent ductus arteriosus were referred for closure with the Amplatzer duct occluder. The median age was 35.6 years (range 18-70.7 years) and the median weight was 65.8 kg (range 32.7-164.5 kg). Of these 41 patients, 37 underwent attempted closure of the patent ductus arteriosus using the Amplatzer duct occluder. The device was successfully deployed in all patients except 1. Complete angiographic closure was seen Immediately after device deployment in 29 out of 36 patients (81%). Complete echocardiographic closure was demonstrated within 24 hours post-procedure in 34 out of 36 patients (94%), and at 6-month follow-up in 35 out of 36 patients (97%). No complications related to device implantation occurred in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Closure of patent ductus arteriosus using the Amplatzer duct occluder is safe and effective in adults.