冠心病患者综合康复疗效观察

目的：观察综合康复治疗对冠心病患者的临床疗效。方法：60例冠心病患者随机分为康复组（30例）和对照组（30例）,康复组在常规药物治疗的基础上,采用生活指导,运动锻炼等综合康复治疗;对照组采用常规药物治疗,自然生活。6周以后,记录心脏事件发生率,观察体重指数、血脂、血压的变化。结果：6周后,康复组的心脏事件发生率明显低于对照组（16．7％;50．0％,P〈0．01）,两组体重指数,血脂,血压均有一定改善,但康复组优于对照组（P〈0．05-〈0．01）。结论：综合康复治疗可降低心脏事件的发生率,改善患者的体重指数,血脂及血压。     

雷帕霉素涂层支架治疗老年人冠心病的疗效及再狭窄的随访分析

目的 观察雷帕霉素涂层冠状动脉Cypher支架治疗老年冠心病患者的临床疗效及再狭窄情况。方法 2002年11月至2005年5月在我院心导管室接受Cypher支架治疗的328例60岁以上的老年冠心病患者，观察术后即刻效果，随访6个月记录心脏性死亡、心肌梗死、再次血管重建事件，并进行冠状动脉造影复查。328例中，ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死66例，非ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死21例，不稳定心绞痛149例，稳定型心绞痛92例。结果 支架植入成功率99．1％（325／328），住院期间无死亡。随访6个月出现急性和亚急性血栓各1例，晚期血栓致心肌梗死2例，心力衰竭死亡1例，进行血管重建术7例。住院其间主要心脏不良事件发生率0．6％（2／328），6个月心脏不良事件发生率3．7％（12／328）。术后6个月84例患者冠状动脉造影复查显示，再狭窄率为8．3％（7／84），支架内为2．4％（2／84），靶病变重建率为5．9％（5／84）。结论 应用Cypher支架治疗老年人冠心病是安全和有效的，主要心脏不良事件发生率低，支架内再狭窄率和靶病变重建率明显低于普通金属支架。     

氯吡格雷抵抗和冠心病患者PCI术后心血管事件的关系

目的：前瞻性研究氯吡格雷抵抗对冠心病患者发生近、中期心血管事件的影响。方法：102例冠心病患者在服用氯吡格雷前及服药后4天取血，利用比浊法测定血小板聚集率（PAR），计算PAR基线值与服药后最大血小板聚集率（MPAR）差值，其差值≤10％为发生氯吡格雷抵抗，氯吡格雷抵抗组24例，非氯吡格雷抵抗组78例。患者住院期间及出院后随访2～12，平均（7．57士2．91）个月，COX回归分析氯吡格雷抵抗对103例冠心病介入治疗后患者近、中期心血管事件的影响。结果：氯吡格雷抵抗组心血管事件的发生率为58．3％，显著高于非抵抗组（16．7％），P〈0．001。COX回归分析发现，氯吡格雷抵抗（RR=70．262，95％CI=0．123～0．558，P=0．001）和冠脉病变程度（RR=1．052，95％CI=1．030～1．075，P〈0．001）是冠心病患者PCI术后近、中期发生心血管事件的独立危险因素。结论：氯吡格雷抵抗、冠脉病变程度重的患者容易于PCI术后近、中期发生心血管事件。     

老年冠心病合并脑卒中患者焦虑抑郁评估及心身综合干预

目的：对老年冠心病合并脑卒中患者焦虑及抑郁情绪进行评估，观察早期心身综合干预的效果。方法：对46例老年冠心病合并脑卒中患者，入院时采用Zung焦虑、抑郁自评量表（SAS、SDS）进行评估，根据焦虑、抑郁不同程度采用药物治疗辅助心身综合康复干预六周后，再次进行评估。结果：46例患者焦虑、抑郁发生率为76．09％和71．74％，综合康复干预治疗后焦虑、抑郁发生率降为45．65％和39．13％（P〈0．01）；焦虑、抑郁的程度亦显著改善（P〈0．01）。结论：焦虑和抑郁情绪在老年冠心病合并脑卒中患者发生率高，心身综合康复干预疗效好。     

裸支架与药物支架对冠心病预后的对比研究

目的研究裸支架（BMS）与药物支架（DES）对冠心病预后的影响。方法320例接受PCI术的患者，其中置入DES的病人182例，BMS的病人138例，进行了分析研究，其术后ISR发生率，术后心脏事件（ST、再梗塞、猝死）发生率，比较不同病变特征应用不同支架的效果。结果血管管径≥3mm的病人BMS的再狭窄（ISR）率17（12．6％），DES的再狭窄（ISR）率5（3．1％）。血管管径〈3mm的病人BMS的再狭窄（ISR）率17（24％），DES的再狭窄（ISR）率4（4．8％）。心脏事件，其中BMS病人1例（0．07％），DES病人3例（1．6％）。结论血管ISR方面，DES明显优于BMS。心脏事件方面，BMS和DES，统计学没有差异。     

冠心病患者J波与心脏事件关系的临床探讨

目的 分析冠心病患者J波改变与心脏事件的关系，探讨伴J波改变冠心病患者的预后。方法 诊断冠心病患者的心电图显示J波者为J波组，共122例，无J波者为对照组，共106例，随访终点为发生心脏事件并作统计分析：结果 两组完成随访138例，J波组抵达随访终点73例，发生心脏事件25例；对照组抵达随访终点65例，发生心脏事件8例。J波组发生心脏事件是对照组3．1倍（p〈0．05）。结论 伴有J波的冠心病患者预后不良。     

糖尿病对冠心病药物洗脱支架植入患者临床效果的影响

目的：探讨糖尿病对冠心病药物洗脱支架植入患者疗效的影响。方法：入选2009年7月～2012年9月在我院行冠脉药物洗脱支架植入术患者278例,根据患者是否合并有糖尿病分为冠心病并糖尿病组（n=127）和冠心病组（n=151）,术后对患者进行为期两年随访,比较两组患者的疗效。结果：冠脉造影术显示,冠心病并糖尿病组患者冠脉三支病变发生率显著高于冠心病组患者（39．3％比31．1％,P〈0．05）;两年随访后发现,冠心病并糖尿病组患者远期心脏事件发生率显著高于冠心病组患者（37．0％比17．9％,P〈0．05）。结论：糖尿病对药物洗脱支架植入冠心病患者疗效具有显著影响,在临床上对于这类患者要积极进行降糖治疗。     

缺血预适应对PTCA术中心肌的保护作用

将150例行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）的冠心病（CAD）患者随机分为对照组（120例）及观察组（30例）。对照组行常规PTCA；观察组PTCA中设置缺血预适应（IP）方式。分别测定两组术前及术后6、12、24、48、72h血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）及肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平，随访心脏事件发生情况。结果对照组及观察组术后cTnI升高者分别为29例（24．2％）、2例（67％），P〈0．05；CK-MB升高者分别为7例（5．8％）、1例（3．3％），P〉0．05；心脏事件发生率分别为24．8%和18．5％，P〈0．05。证明IP对PTCA术造成的心肌损伤有保护作用；检测cTnI诊断心肌损伤比CK-MB更敏感，特异性更高。     

急性心肌梗塞经桡动脉冠状动脉介入治疗远期疗效

目的：探讨急性心肌梗塞（AMI）后延迟经桡动脉冠状动脉腔内成形术及支架术治疗的远期疗效。方法：133例AMI患者被分为经皮冠状动脉介入治疗组（PCI组）和非PCI组,PCI组于发病后平均13d行PCI术。随访两组患者的心脏事件发生率。结果：随访期间,与非PCI组相比,PCI组患者主要不良心血管事件发生率明显降低（80％比27．3％,P〈0．05）,左室射血分数明显提高[（42±6．9）％比（57．4±3．5）％,P〈0．05]。结论：急性心肌梗塞后延迟冠状动脉介入治疗可减少患者的心脏事件发生。     

国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架的临床应用

目的研究国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架（PARTNER^TM支架）在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）中的疗效及安全性。方法2006年1月1日至2006年12月15日单纯置入PARTNER^TM支架的冠心病患者68例。随访患者住院期间和出院后重要不良心脏事件（包括心肌梗死、心源性死亡及靶血管再次血运重建术）、心绞痛发作情况等。结果68例患者术后随访12～22（16．87±2．27）个月，48例心绞痛症状消失（70．6％，48／68），加例心绞痛症状复发（29．4％，20／68），再狭窄1例（1．47％），随访期间无急性心肌梗死、死亡病例发生。结论国产PARTNER^TM药物涂层支架应用于冠状动脉介入治疗安全有效。     

The impact of sexual therapy on patients after cardiac events participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program.

AIMS: To assess the impact of a sexual therapy module on male patients participating in phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation after a cardiac event. METHODS AND RESULTS: We randomly assigned 92 consecutive male patients (age < or =70 years, mean age 58 years), on their admission to phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndromes and/or coronary artery bypass graft, into a 'sexual therapy group' (n=47) and a 'control group' (n=45). Two co-therapists met with the patient and spouse for 5 h in three sessions, in addition to cardiac rehabilitation. Sexual therapy included patient education, cognitive restructuring, emotional support, guided imagery, and medication (Viagra). Controls participated in cardiac rehabilitation without sexual therapy. Self-report questionnaires were used three times: before, 1, and 4 months after sexual therapy. Baseline characteristics of both groups were similar. More sexual therapy patients resumed sexual activity within 1 month (87% vs. 50% in control). Sexual therapy patients improved more than controls in quality of sexual function in terms of libido, confidence to attain erection, satisfaction with sexual relationship, frequency of erection, and enjoyment of sex. Sexual therapy patients were highly satisfied with cardiac rehabilitation and sexual therapy. CONCLUSION: Sexual therapy is significantly effective in improving the frequency and quality of sexual activity in a patient's postcardiac event beyond the usual cardiac rehabilitation. Sexual therapy should be an integral part of cardiac rehabilitation.     

Lipid lowering in the cardiac rehabilitation setting.

PURPOSE: The authors determined the frequency and effectiveness of pharmacologic lipid lowering, guided by the recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) before and after institution of a systematic lipid assessment performed at the time of the cardiac rehabilitation entry evaluation. METHODS: The systematic lipid evaluation included a full lipid profile and a dietary evaluation at which time an active approach to pharmacologic lipid therapy was taken. Therapy was guided by the NCEP guidelines, with the collaboration of the referring physician. The frequency of lipid therapy change (starting or changing therapy) from the baseline evaluation to a 3-month follow-up visit was the primary study outcome variable. The control group consisted of 51 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) seen in 1995 at cardiac rehabilitation, who agreed to have their serum lipids measured in a double-blinded fashion. There was no systematic lipid lowering intervention. The intervention group consisted of 187 patients with CHD who participated in cardiac rehabilitation in 1996 to 1997. RESULTS: At baseline, a similar percentage of patients in each group were on lipid lowering therapy: 38% (19/51) in controls versus 35% (65/187) in intervention patients. Among patients with a baseline low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of > or = 130 mg/dL, therapy was modified in 18% (4/22) of control patients compared with 52% (35/68) of intervention patients (P < 0.05). Among patients with a baseline LDL cholesterol of > or = 160, therapy was altered in 22% (2/9) control patients compared with 72% (18/25) intervention patients (P < 0.01). In both risk strata of > or = 130 mg/dL and > or = 160 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol measures were lowered to a greater degree in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of a systematic lipid review at the time of cardiac rehabilitation entry, with an active stance toward pharmacologic therapy, results in a threefold increase in pharmacologic modifications and lower LDL cholesterol values for cardiac rehabilitation participants.     

冠心病并发症三级康复预防的实施与长期指导

目的：探讨有并发症冠心病患三级康复预防的实施与长期指导的效果。方法：48例有并发症冠心病患随机分为两组：观察组34例，依照冠心病三级康复预防要求，进行积极治疗，控制冠心病危险因素（包括卫生宣教，心理康复，运动治疗等）并予长期指导，定期复查；对照组14例，仍作常规治疗，不定期随诊。结果：较之对照组，观察组病情相对稳定显增加（70．6％），再住院显减少（44％），死亡显减少（17．7％），P均＜0．01，差异非常 显，观察组射血分数，运动贮量治疗后显增加（P＜0．05），而对照组无改善。结论：冠心病三级康复预防对改善有并发症冠心病患的疾病状况，提高生活质量，减少死亡，效果显。     

康复运动对冠心病人PTCA支架术后功能贮量的影响

目的：研究康复运动对PTCA支架术后病人功能贮量的影响。方法：选择冠心病PTCA支架术后病人67例，随机分为A组（康复组，36例），B组（对照组，31例），A组进行5－6个月的个体化运动程序训练，比较运动前、后两组病人的最大运动负荷（METmax和RPP）。结果：经康复运动训练A组METmax和RPP提高28.1%、4．6％，按B组有显性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：冠心病PTCA支架术后病人经过康复运动可以提高其功能贮量。     

Effects of a phase III cardiac rehabilitation program on physical status and lipid profiles in elderly patients with coronary artery disease: Juntendo Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (J-CARP)

BACKGROUND: Limited data are available regarding the effects of phase III cardiac rehabilitation on the physical status and risk factors in elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-four male CAD patients (>65 years old) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=18) or a control group (n=16). The intervention group participated in a phase III cardiac rehabilitation program consisting of exercise training, diet therapy, and weekly counseling for 6 months. In the control group, usual outpatient care was provided. In the intervention group, body mass index, waist size and fat weight significantly decreased; peak VO2 and anaerobic threshold VO2 were maintained; isokinetic peak torques of knee extensor and flexor muscles significantly increased; anterior trunk flexibility was significantly improved. In the control group, all parameters were unchanged except for peak VO2, which significantly decreased. In the intervention group, serum total cholesterol levels significantly decreased after cardiac rehabilitation. However, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apoA-I levels also decreased. In the control group, no significant change in lipid profile was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that phase III cardiac rehabilitation could be beneficial for elderly patients with CAD.     

The effects of combined spa therapy and rehabilitation on patients with ankylosing spondylitis being treated with TNF inhibitors

Despite advances in pharmacological therapy, physical treatment continues to be important in the management of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects and tolerability of combined spa therapy and rehabilitation in a group of AS patients being treated with TNF inhibitors. Thirty AS patients attending the Rheumatology Unit of the University of Padova being treated with TNF inhibitors for at least 3 months were randomized and assessed by an investigator independent from the spa staff: 15 were prescribed 10 sessions of spa therapy (mud packs and thermal baths) and rehabilitation (exercises in a thermal pool) and the other 15 were considered controls. The patients in both groups had been receiving anti-TNF agents for at least three months. The outcome measures utilized were BASFI, BASDAI, BASMI, VAS for back pain and HAQ. The evaluations were performed in all patients at the entry to the study, at the end of the spa treatment, and after 3 and 6 months. Most of the evaluation indices were significantly improved at the end of the spa treatment, as well as at the 3 and 6 months follow-up assessments. No significant alterations in the evaluation indices were found in the control group. Combined spa therapy and rehabilitation caused a clear, long-term clinical improvement in AS patients being treated with TNF inhibitors. Thermal treatment was found to be well tolerated and none of the patients had disease relapse.     

气体代谢运动试验指导心力衰竭病人康复治疗的效果

目的:探讨气体代谢运动试验对心衰病人康复治疗的指导价值。方法:选择纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级病人77例进行气体代谢运动试验(气体代谢试验组),根据气体代谢运动试验结果制定康复方案,半年后复查,与既往进行常规康复治疗的NYHA心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级病人(常规康复组,65例)的疗效进行比较,比较两组病人心功能分级、运动时最大摄氧量(V.O2max),6min步行距离等参数。结果:与常规康复组比较,气体代谢试验组病人康复治疗半年后心功能分级无显著差异,而运动时V.O2max[(22.3±7.5)ml.kg-1.min-1比(26.5±5.9)ml.kg-1.min-1],6min步行距离[(315.2±25.5)m比(396.7±20.6)m]明显增加(P均<0.05)。结论:基于气体代谢运动试验结果制订的康复方案可以改善心衰病人运动功能,最大摄氧量,6min步行距离。     

太极拳运动对慢性心力衰竭患者康复的作用

目的:观察长期太极拳运动对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者康复的作用。方法:选择CHF患者150例(心功能Ⅱ级),随机分为常规治疗对照组(简称对照组,70例)和太极拳运动康复组(康复组,80例),对照组给予标准心力衰竭常规药物治疗,康复组在常规药物治疗的基础上进行太极拳康复运动,为期6个月。两组患者于入组时及6个月期满时分别测试心功能级别、生活质量评分、6 min步行距离(6 MWT)、左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)。结果:与对照组比较,康复组在心功能分级、生活质量评分[(45.4±12.2)分∶(32.6±14.5)分]、6 MWT[(461±102)m∶(554±94)m]、LVEF[(39.62±7.28)%∶(48.63±9.37)%]、LVEDd[(65.3±8.1)mm∶(60.7±6.5)mm]均有明显改善(P0.01)。结论:太极拳运动能有效改善慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能和生活质量,促进患者的康复。