巨大良性乳腺叶状肿瘤1例报道及文献复习

目的:提高对乳腺叶状肿瘤临床特点和诊疗现状的认识。方法:回顾我科收治的1例巨大良性乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床资料及诊治过程,并结合文献进行复习。结果:患者右乳肿块7年,B超示:右侧乳腺可探及大小约20cm×20cm混合回声包块,内可见液性暗区。全麻下行右侧乳腺单纯切除术,术中冰冻考虑恶性病变,组织来源不能确定,遂加行右侧腋窝淋巴结清扫术。结论:乳腺叶状肿瘤临床上发病罕见,仅以乳腺肿块为首发症状,术前诊断困难,易误诊,明确诊断主要依靠术后病理学检查,故易导致过度治疗或治疗不当。     

胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤合并乳腺叶状肿瘤一例

患者 女,49岁,2010年1月发现右乳无痛性肿块就诊,查体：右乳外上象限10点位距乳头约3 cm,可扪及5 cm×3cm×4cm包块,余无特殊.钼靶检查示：右乳占位性病变.行右乳包块切除术,术后病理示：右乳腺纤维上皮性肿瘤,部分区域细胞生长较活跃伴异型性,倾向于叶状肿瘤（图1a）.诊断：右乳腺分叶状肿瘤.此后定期复查.201 1年3月又发现右乳原发部位肿块,查体：右乳腺10点位距乳头约3 cm处,可扪及约2.5 cm× 3.0 cm肿块,性质同前.再次行右乳包块切除术,术后病理：右乳腺叶状肿瘤复发并恶变（恶性叶状肿瘤）（图1b）.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤临床病理观察

目的 探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床、病理特点。方法 复习15例乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床、病理资料。结果 15例均为女性，年龄28岁～57岁，平均42.2岁。所有病例均表现为乳腺肿块，以单侧单发性为主，肿块直径3cm～18cm，平均7．8cm。良性叶状肿瘤8例，交界性4例，恶性3例。镜下见肿瘤由良性的上皮成分和丰富的间质细胞组成，大部分形成叶状结构。均未见腋下淋巴结转移。1例恶性患者术后17个月死于肺转移，4例患者发生局部复发。结论 乳腺叶状肿瘤好发于40岁～50岁女性，很少发生淋巴结转移，可血行转移，易复发。组织学上需与富含细胞的纤维腺瘤、真性肉瘤等鉴别。对良性叶状肿瘤一般选择肿块扩大切除术，肿瘤较大者、交界性及恶性者宜作乳腺切除术。     

乳腺分叶状肿瘤诊治及预后分析

目的探讨乳腺分叶状肿瘤的病理特点,治疗方法及预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月至2011年1月收治的30例乳腺分叶状肿瘤患者临床资料。结果 30例患者均手术治疗,病理诊断：分叶状纤维瘤24例;叶状囊肉瘤6例,其中低度恶性1例,中度恶性3例,高度恶性2例。有3例行肿块切除后局部复发,再行扩大切除。结论乳腺分叶状肿瘤病理诊断复杂,空芯针穿刺活检及冰冻切片诊断价值有限,选择合理术式是预后关键。     

乳腺分叶状肿瘤八例报告

回顾分析8例乳腺分叶状肿瘤患者的临床病理资料,良性2例,交界性2例,恶性4例,患者年龄29～50岁,平均年龄41岁。肿块最大径平均6．6cm（3～38cm）。4例有肿块短时间内迅速增大的病史,4例曾接受2～3次肿瘤局部切除术,1例行局部扩大切除术,2例行乳腺单纯切除术,3例行乳腺改良根治术,1例胸壁复发的巨大肿瘤行皮肤与肋骨的全层切除、背阔肌-侧胸-腹直肌跨区皮瓣转移修复,1例在20个月内做过5次手术。随访3～72个月,8例患者均生存,其中2例分别于首次手术后8和21个月出现肺转移。回顾分析提示,乳腺分叶状肿瘤术前诊断困难,易局部复发,保证切缘阴性的局部扩大切除术是治疗乳腺分叶状肿瘤的合适的手段。     

乳腺分叶状肿瘤临床特点与复发危险因素

目的探讨乳腺分叶状肿瘤的临床特点、诊治方法和局部复发的危险因素。方法选取1990年1月至2016年7月间柳州市工人医院收治的48例乳腺分叶状肿瘤患者的临床病理和随访资料作回顾性分析,采用卡方检验分析各临床病理因素、手术方式与局部复发的关系,采用Logrank检验分析上述因素对无病生存率的影响。结果所有患者术后病理诊断结果中,良性乳腺分叶状肿瘤29例,交界性乳腺分叶状肿瘤11例,恶性乳腺分叶状肿瘤8例,无一例发现腋窝淋巴结转移。39例随访患者,1年、3年和5年无病生存率分别为83.8%、69.4%和66.1%,5年总生存率为93.0%。局部复发者10例,其中6例患者为肿块切除术后局部复发。患者是否采用肿块切除术与局部复发关系比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.01)。结论外科手术是乳腺分叶状肿瘤的主要治疗方法,术式选择不当与局部复发有关,对乳腺分叶状肿瘤应选择局部广泛切除、乳房切除或乳房重建术,不宜采用肿块切除术,不必常规行腋淋巴结清扫术。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤33例诊治分析

[目的]探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床表现、诊治方法及预后情况。[方法]回顾分析33例经手术后病理证实为乳腺叶状肿瘤患者的临床治疗情况。[结果]乳腺叶状肿瘤33例中良性23例,交界性8例,恶性2例。20例行局部切除术,11例行局部扩大切除术,2例行乳房单纯切除术。术后随访18例,随访时间8～74个月,2例复发,无死亡病例。[结论]乳腺叶状肿瘤生物学行为较难测定,应结合肿块大小及病理类型选择局部扩大切除或单纯乳腺切除。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤17例诊疗分析

目的:探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的治疗原则和影响预后因素。方法:对经手术和病理诊断确诊的17例乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:17例患者中良性叶状肿瘤9例,交界性叶状肿瘤5例,恶性3例。行局部肿块切除7例,单纯乳房切除术6例,改良根治术3例,姑息性肿块切除术1例。其中随访13例,平均随访时间21(5~84)个月,1例行乳腺癌改良根治术后2.5年死于远处转移,2例行局部肿块切除术后复发。结论:乳腺叶状肿瘤的预后与手术方式有关,良性和交界性应首选扩大区段切除术,切除肿瘤边缘不少于2cm;复发的交界性和恶性应尽早行单纯乳房切除术。     

46例乳腺分叶状肿瘤临床病理特点及误诊分析

目的探讨乳腺分叶状肿瘤的临床病理特点及误诊原因。方法对46例经病理复诊明确诊断的乳腺分叶状肿瘤病例进行回顾性分析,并用免疫组化法检测AE1／AE3、VIM、平滑肌肌动蛋白（Act）和Ki-67表达。结果46例乳腺分叶状肿瘤术前临床诊断相符者24例,其余术前诊断分别为：乳腺纤维腺瘤15例,乳腺增生或混合性囊肿4例,乳腺癌或疑似乳腺癌3例。术前临床诊断误诊率为47．83％（22／46）。术中冰冻病理诊断为乳腺分叶状肿瘤40例,漏诊率为13．04％（6／46）。术后石蜡切片病理诊断：46例乳腺分叶状肿瘤中良性35例,交界性7例,恶性4例。免疫组化表达结果：VIM表达均为阳性,表达在肿瘤问质细胞;Act在部分病例（36．96％,17／46）表达于间质细胞;AEl／AE3均无间质细胞表达（用于排除梭形细胞癌）;Ki-67平均阳性细胞指数在良性、交界性和恶性中分别为13％、28％和69％,Ki-67表达在三者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论乳腺分叶状肿瘤存在较高的临床误诊率和冰冻病理漏诊率,而其治疗方式的选择与病理分型密切相关;免疫组化对判断其良、恶性有重要意义;肿瘤的及时确诊和手术方式选择是决定治疗成功的关键。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤研究进展

乳腺叶状肿瘤在乳腺肿瘤中较为罕见,其组织学上具有双向分化的特征,影像学有助于乳腺叶状肿瘤的诊断,组织病理学是诊断的金标准。该文通过对国内外乳腺叶状肿瘤的报道进行归纳、总结,从其临床特征、影像学表现、术前穿刺活检、标准手术方式的选择、术后是否行放化疗、内分泌治疗以及影响局部复发的因素进行总结,旨在提高该病的诊断率,避免过度治疗,为临床提供一定的参考意义。乳腺叶状肿瘤是否与相应基因有关,如何利用相关基因指导乳腺叶状肿瘤的治疗可能成为今后研究的重点之一。     

Giant malignant phyllodes tumor with99mTc-Ses-tamibi accumulation: Report of a case

We report a case of a giant malignant phyllodes tumor examined by(99m)Tc-ses-tamibi (MIBI) mammoscintigraphy. The patient was a 51 year-old woman who complained of bleeding from a large mass in her right breast. The tumor was well circumscribed, with an ulcerized surface. The accumulation of(99m)Tc-MIBI in the tumor was recognized on(99m)Tc-MIBI scintigraphy. A standard radical mastectomy was performed with a wide margin of skin. The resected specimen measured 20 X 17 X 13 cm, weighed 2100 g and was histologically diagnosed as a malignant phyllodes tumor. The skin defect was reconstructed by a rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap, with good cosmetic results.(99m)Tc-MIBI scintigraphy may have the potential to distinguish a malignant from benign phyllodes tumors.     

Breast Carcinoma Arising in Cystosarcoma Phyllodes: Report of a Case with a Review of the Literature

An extremely rare case of coexistent carcinoma arising in acystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast is reported. A 41-year-oldJapanese woman was referred with a lump in the right breast.A tumor measuring 5.6x3.6x3.2 cm was removed by local excision.Histological examination revealed foci of papillo-tubular carcinomawithin the benign cystosarcoma phyllodes. Radical mastectomywas performed and the axillary lymph nodes showed no metastasis.While 22 cases of coexistent carcinoma and cystosarcoma phyllodesin the same breast have been reported, in only nine of thosecases, the carcinomas including this case have developed withinthe cystosarcoma phyllodes.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤和巨纤维腺瘤的临床病理特征——附89例临床分析

 目的　探讨乳腺叶状囊肉瘤和巨纤维腺瘤的诊断和治疗。方法　回顾分析我院 1979～ 2 0 0 2年间外科收治的 89例乳腺叶状囊肉瘤和巨纤维腺瘤的临床特点 ,病理诊断和治疗方式。结果　 2 7例乳腺叶状囊肉瘤 ,行乳腺改良根治术 4例 ,乳腺单纯切除术 16例 ,肿瘤局部切除术 4例 ,肿瘤复发行扩大切除 3例 ,复发率 33.3% (9/ 2 7) ;6 2例乳腺巨纤维腺瘤行肿瘤局部切除术 4 0例 ,乳房单纯切除术 18例 ,改良根治术 4例 ,复发率 11.3% (7/ 6 2 )。结论　按照WHO乳腺肿瘤分类的标准 ,使用乳腺叶状肿瘤的统一名称 ,并与乳腺巨纤维瘤相鉴别 ,根据肿瘤分类采用不同的手术方法。     

Giant malignant mammary phyllodes tumor: report of a case and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: To distinguish between a benign and malignant phyllodes tumor before surgery is difficult. Wide excision or mastectomy with adequate free margins is necessary in the case of a malignant phyllodes tumor. However, repairing the skin defect after removal of a giant malignant phyllodes tumor is a great challenge for the breast surgeon. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 45-year-old Taiwanese woman with a giant malignant phyllodes tumor measuring 30 x 25 x 22 cm. Prior to surgery, we carefully designed a flap to cover the skin defect, following standard mastectomy with at least 2 cm free margins. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well without any wound infection or flap necrosis. During follow-up at our outpatient department, there was no evidence of local relapse or distant metastasis. CONCLUSION: Giant malignant phyllodes tumors can be treated by total mastectomy with adequate free margins, using a flap technique to cover the skin defect.     

Cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast: a case report in a 12-year-old girl

Breast tumors in adolescents are very rare and mostly benign. Fibroadenomas are the most frequent, but within the extensive differential diagnosis, the phyllodes tumor must be mentioned, which accounts for about 1% of breast tumors and the diagnosis of which is very rare in patients younger than 20 years. There are no specific symptoms or radiological images to distinguish phyllodes tumor from fibroadenoma; therefore, histological examination is mandatory for diagnosis. Histology also allows the classification of phyllodes tumor into benign, borderline, or malignant types for appropriate surgical treatment: freemargin excision in benign tumors and mastectomy in the other two types. Fortunately, the majority of these tumors are benign, and treatment maximizes breast conservation with free infiltration margins surgery, given that this fact is the most important factor to prevent local recurrence. In this article, we describe a rare case of borderline cystosarcoma phyllodes in a 12-year-old girl.     

A case of a giant phyllodes tumor of the breast with hypoglycemia caused by high-molecular-weight insulin-like growth factor II

We report the case of a patient who presented with hypoglycemia associated with a giant breast mass and presence of serum high-molecular-weight insulin-like growth factor II (big IGF-II). In July 2005, a 49-year-old woman was admitted because of delirium, transient loss of consciousness, and a giant mass of about 28 cm in diameter on the right breast. She had noticed the mass for more than 2 years, but had refused medical attention at that time. A blood examination indicated hypoglycemia (21 mg/dl) and decreased levels of endogenous insulin. Furthermore, a western blot analysis revealed that big IGF-II (20 kDa) was the predominant serum IGF-II peptide (mature IGF-II is 7.5 kDa). Because we suspected that the big IGF-II was produced by the breast tumor and was likely the cause of the hypoglycemia, a mastectomy was performed. A histological examination determined that the mass was a benign phyllodes tumor. After surgery, the hypoglycemia resolved, and endogenous insulin levels improved. We suspected that the patient had non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH), but the behavioral symptoms of the hypoglycemia caused by NICTH were similar to some mental diseases, which made diagnosis based on the behavior alone difficult. We suggest that co-occurrence of symptoms such as recent appearance of mental disease-like behavior, hypoglycemia, and giant breast tumor may help diagnose NICTH caused by big IGF-II.     

Phyllodes tumor showing intracystic growth: a case report

A phyllodes tumor often grows rapidly and occasionally contains microcysts; however, the tumor rarely shows a morphologically intracystic pattern. We experienced a rare case of a phyllodes tumor with a solid mass growing into the cyst. A 62-year-old female noticed a tumor in her right breast in January 1995. The tumor grew rapidly and she visited our out-patient clinic in February 1995. On physical examination, a 10 x 8 cm, well defined and movable mass with a smooth surface was palpated in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Mammography showed a large tumor shadow in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast without any microcalcification. Ultrasonography revealed a large cystic shadow with a low echoic lesion and solid component with heterogeneous internal echo in the cyst. Under general anesthesia, the tumor was widely excised. The resected specimen was 11.5 x 11 x 11 cm in size and the tumor was not invasive to surrounding tissues. Old bloody fluid was contained within the cyst. The gross appearance showed papillary process protrusions into a central cystic cavity. Histological examination revealed a borderline case of phyllodes tumor. Two years after the operation, she is doing well without any recurrence.      

A malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast in a 6-year old girl

We recently encountered a 6-year-old girl with a malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast. The patient's mother noticed a tumor on the right breast of her first doughter at 8 months after from her birth. The baby was brought to the Second Depertment of Surgery, University of Tokushima, at age 20 months. We recommended removal of the 3.5 x 2.9 cm tumor in the right breast, but it was not done. Next, she visited our department at 6 years of age because the tumor had gradually enlarged, reaching a size of 4.3 &timus; 4.0 cm. She underwent excisional resection of the tumor, and the tumor was diagnosed as a malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast coexisting with a borderline phyllodes tumor. To our knowledge, this is the youngest reported case of a malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast. Moreover, the malignant lesion was positive for estrogen receptor (ER) and showed strong proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining. On the other hand, the borderline part was negative for ER and showed weak PCNA staining. Thus, in the present case, the expression of ER, the exposure to estrogen (for example, the mother's estrogen during gestation) and increase in the proliferation rate may have played important roles in the mechanism of the transformation of the phyllodes tumor.