肿瘤患者外周血调节性T细胞的检测及临床意义

目的:研究肿瘤患者外周血调节性T细胞水平的变化并探讨其临床意义,旨在了解肿瘤患者的免疫功能改变,为肿瘤患者临床治疗及判断预后提供依据。方法:采用流式细胞仪对40例肿瘤患者及40例正常人外周血CD4+CD25+T细胞、CD4+CD25highT细胞及CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞水平进行检测。结果:肿瘤患者外周血中CD4+CD25+T细胞和CD4+CD25highT细胞高于正常对照组(P<0.05);CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞亦明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:肿瘤患者细胞免疫功能明显异常,CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞增多可能是肿瘤患者免疫功能受抑的重要原因之一;调节性T细胞水平检测在评价肿瘤患者疗效及判断预后方面具有一定的临床价值。     

原发性肝癌患者外周血和癌组织中调节性T细胞数量及其临床意义

目的 探讨原发性肝癌患者外周血中调节性T细胞(Treg)占CD4+T细胞(Treg/CID4+)比值和肝癌组织中Treg数量及其临床意义.方法 63例原发性肝癌患者均行根治性手术切除,采用流式细胞术检测患者手术前外周血中Treg/CD4+比值,用免疫组织化学方法检测肿瘤组织中Treg的表达.结果 原发性肝癌患者外周血中Treg/CD4+比值显著高于乙型肝炎患者(P<0.01)及正常对照组(P<0.01).癌组织中Treg数量为(15.69±13.29)个/mm2,癌旁肝组织、10例乙型肝炎肝组织、10例正常肝组织中未见或极少见Treg.外周血中Treg/CD4+比值与癌组织中Treg数量呈正相关(P=0.024).外周血和癌组织中Treg数量高者,术后5年生存率低(P值分别为0.042、0.019);癌组织中Treg数量高者,术后5年无瘤生存率低(P=0.001).结论 原发性肝癌患者外周血和组织中调节性T细胞水平升高;外周血中Treg/CD4+比值及癌组织中Treg数量可作为预测患者根治术后预后的免疫学指标.     

非小细胞肺癌患者外周血CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋调节性T细胞检测及临床意义

[目的]探讨非小细胞肺癌患者外周血CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋调节性T细胞（Treg）表达及临床意义。[方法]流式细胞术检测30例非小细胞肺癌组患者及12例健康志愿者外周血CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg百分比。[结果]肺癌组外周血CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋细胞百分比（6.24%±2.01%）高于健康对照组（4.83%±0.85%）（P〈0.05）,外周血CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋细胞百分比在肺癌患者不同性别、年龄、病理、KPS及肿瘤标志物正常与否之间比较无差异（P〉0.05）,Ⅳ期患者表达高于Ⅰ～Ⅲ期患者（P〈0.05）,带瘤患者表达高于无瘤患者（P〈0.05）,有气虚证、血瘀证患者高于无气虚证、血瘀证患者（P〈0.05）。[结论]检测肺癌患者外周血CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg表达在了解患者肿瘤进展情况和机体免疫功能状态方面有一定价值,其表达升高与患者出现气虚证和血瘀证有关。     

肿瘤浸润调节性T细胞生物学特性及调节性T细胞在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用

调节性T细胞（Treg细胞）对机体内环境稳定至关重要。然而,肿瘤浸润Treg细胞（TITR）在肿瘤微环境（TME）中发挥免疫抑制作用,削弱抗肿瘤特异性免疫应答,从而促进肿瘤逃避免疫监视。近来,随着免疫检查点抑制剂、趋化因子及其受体阻断剂、Treg细胞选择性靶点敲除和新药的问世,基于Treg细胞的肿瘤免疫治疗取得了较好的...     

调节性T细胞与肿瘤放疗

放射疗法（放疗）是当今治疗恶性肿瘤最常用的方法之一,中国肿瘤患者中约有70%接受放疗。放疗的免疫调节效应已经引起了极大的关注,越来越多的研究报道放疗和免疫治疗之间有很多协同之处。调节性Ｔ细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)是一群具有免疫抑制性作用的细胞,与肿瘤关系密切,可通过细胞与细胞间接触、分泌抑制性的细胞因子以及干扰细胞代谢等方式参与到肿瘤的发病机制、进展以及肿瘤的治疗和预后等各个领域。该文以Treg的免疫学特性为出发点,系统的阐释肿瘤放疗与免疫分子的相互关系,旨在为肿瘤放疗联合Treg免疫治疗提供新的思路。     

调节性T细胞表观调控的研究进展

调节性T细胞(Treg)在控制自身免疫、维持机体稳态等方面发挥重要作用,其在促进实体瘤及恶性血液系统疾病发生、发展的作用近年来备受关注.除了转录因子叉头蛋白3(Foxp3)的特异性表达,天然起源的Treg(nTreg)还在其关键基因位点存在Treg特异的DNA低甲基化表型.这种重要的表观特征是稳定Treg不可或缺的,能更准确地定义具有抑制功能的Treg.Foxp3的表达和Treg特异低甲基化表型的维持都离不开表观遗传学的调控,表观遗传修饰体现在DNA甲基化、组蛋白甲基化、乙酰化、microRNA等多个方面.文章从Treg两大特征入手,综述Treg的表观调控机制.     

急性白血病患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群和调节性T细胞的检测及临床意义

目的:研究急性白血病患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群、调节性T细胞水平的变化及临床意义.方法: 采用流式细胞仪对60例急性白血病(AL)患者[急性髓细胞性白血病(AML)30例、急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)30例]及40例正常人外周血淋巴细胞亚群及调节性T细胞水平进行检测.结果: 初诊AL组与正常对照组比较,CD3+ T淋巴细胞百分比、CD4+T淋巴细胞百分比、CD4+/CD8+ 比值及CD16+/56+ NK细胞百分比均明显降低( P<0.05) ;CD8+ T 淋巴细胞百分比与CD19+ B淋巴细胞百分比均明显升高(P均 <0.01).ALL组CD4+T淋巴细胞百分比及CD4+/CD8+ 比值明显低于AML组( P<0.01).与对照组相比较,初诊AL患者外周血CD4+CD25+ T细胞和CD4+CD25high Treg 细胞均明显升高(P<0.01).结论: AL患者细胞免疫功能明显异常;与AML患者相比,ALL患者细胞免疫功能更为低下.CD4+CD25 high Treg细胞增多可能是AL患者免疫功能受抑的重要原因之一.淋巴细胞亚群及调节性T细胞水平检测在评价AL疗效及判断预后方面具有一定的临床价值.     

调节性T细胞与肿瘤

调节性T（regulatory T, Treg）细胞是一群具有抑制其他免疫细胞功能的负调控细胞，包括CD4+ Treg、CD8+ Treg、NKT Treg 和双阴性（double negative，DN）Treg细胞等四大类。研究显示，肿瘤微环境中Treg细胞数量升高，且这些升高的 Treg细胞能抑制抗肿瘤免疫、降低肿瘤免     

贲门癌患者外周血CD4+CD25hiCD127low调节性T细胞水平及其临床意义

目的 探讨贲门癌患者的免疫功能异常及其临床意义.方法 采用流式细胞术(FCM)和酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法分别检测56例贲门癌患者、15名健康人外周血中CD4+CD25hiCD127lowc调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)和血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平,结合临床资料进行分析.结果 56例贲门癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25hiCD127lowTreg细胞占CD4+淋巴细胞的比例为(5.73±1.56)%,与健康对照组的(4.45±1.06)%相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);血清中IL-10和TGF-β1含量均明显高于健康对照(P<0.05).贲门癌患者外周血CD4+CD25hiCD127low Treg细胞水平与血清IL-10和TGF-β1含量呈正相关.贲门癌患者外周血CD4+CD25hiCD127low Treg细胞数量与患者临床分期、淋巴结转移有关.结论 贲门癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25hiCD127low Treg细胞表达增高,与临床分期有关,提示Treg水平异常与贲门癌的发生发展密切相关.     

肺癌患者外周血CD+4CDHi25CDLo127调节性T细胞检测的临床意义

Objective To evaluate the changes and clinical significance of CD+4CDHi25CDLo127 regulatory T cell(Treg) in peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer. Methods 30 patients with lung cancer and 20 heathy volunteers were included in this study. The proportion of Treg population in CD4+ T cells stained with three colors was analysed by flow cytometry. The serum level of IL-10 and TGF-β were measured by ELISA. Results The proportion of Treg in patients with squamous cell careinoma(n=20), adenocarcinoma (n=10) were all significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P <0.05), but there was not obvious difference between the two groups with different pathological types(P0.05). Increased serum level of IL-10 and TGF-β was also detected in lung cancer patients. Conclusion The proportion of Treg is increased in lung cancer patients, which may result in the inhibition of host anti-cancer immune response by excreting IL-10 and TGF-β.     

新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者调节性T细胞的影响

目的探讨新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)的影响。方法采集68例乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗前1d和化疗后第10天的外周静脉血,应用流式细胞仪检测外周血中Treg细胞及CD3+、CD4+及CD8+T细胞占T淋巴细胞的百分比。定量资料分别采用独立样本或配对样本t检验进行统计分析。结果化疗前,乳腺癌患者外周血Treg细胞占T淋巴细胞的百分比较健康对照组明显增高[(4.77±0.76)%比(0.68%±0.36)%,t=21.176,P=0.000]。化疗后CD4+/CD8+较化疗前升高[(1.95±0.72)%比(1.19±0.43)%,t=8.280,P=0.000];化疗后Treg细胞较化疗前明显降低[(1.59±0.58)%比(4.77±0.76)%,t=19.041,P=0.000]。化疗有效组Treg细胞较无效组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(t=8.227,P=0.000)。结论新辅助化疗可调控乳腺癌患者机体的肿瘤免疫耐受,改善其免疫功能,从而达到治疗肿瘤的效果。     

趋化因子受体CCR5在胃癌患者外周血调节性T细胞上的表达及其临床意义

目的检测胃癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25+CD127-调节性T细胞(Tregs细胞)上的趋化因子受体5(CCR5)的表达水平,并探讨其与胃癌发生、侵袭和转移的相关性。方法利用流式细胞仪检测福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院2013年1月至2014年2月49例胃癌患者与20例健康对照组的外周血Tregs细胞上CCR5的表达水平并进行统计分析。结果胃癌患者组外周血Tregs细胞上CCR5表达水平明显高于健康对照组(P0.05);CCR5在胃癌外周血Tregs细胞上的表达水平与患者年龄、肿瘤直径无关(P0.05),但与组织学分级、病理分期及淋巴结转移相关(P0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示:CCR5在胃癌患者外周血Tregs细胞表达水平与性别、年龄、分化程度、肿瘤大小无统计学意义的线性关系,而与病理分期及淋巴结转移呈线性相关。秩相关分析显示:CCR5在胃癌患者外周血Tregs细胞表达水平与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小无统计学意义的相关关系,与病理分期及淋巴结转移呈正线性相关。结论 CCR5在胃癌患者外周血Tregs细胞表达上调,明显高于健康对照组,并与胃癌的病理分期和淋巴结转移关系密切,提示病理分期越高或者淋巴结转移程度越广泛,CCR5在胃癌患者外周血Tregs细胞上表达就越高。CCR5与外周血Tregs细胞的相互介导可能参与机体的肿瘤免疫,在胃癌的发生、发展及侵袭转移中可能起重要作用。     

肝癌荷瘤小鼠调节性T细胞数量的改变及其与肿瘤生长的关系

目的研究肝癌荷瘤小鼠调节性T细胞数量的改变及其与肿瘤生长的关系。方法采用小鼠肝癌细胞系H22接种BALB／c小鼠,建立肝癌模型;采用流式细胞术方法检测CD4^＋ CD25^＋T／CD4^＋T细胞的比例;以RT-PCR和流式细胞术检测Foxp3基因的表达。以免疫磁珠分选法纯化CD4^＋CD25^＋T和CD4^＋CD25^-T细胞;在体外,用3H-TdR掺入法检测T细胞的增殖情况;在体内,观察荷瘤小鼠来源的CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞对肿瘤生长的作用。结果（1）荷瘤小鼠在引流淋巴结中,CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞占CD4＋T细胞（18．80％±0．06％）比例增高,与对照组（9．50％±0．03％）相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;在非引流淋巴结（LN）和脾脏（SP）中,荷瘤小鼠CD4^＋CD25^＋T／CD4^＋T比例分别为16．28％±0．02％和17．28％±0．06％,与对照组9．50％±0．03％和11．08％±0．04％相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;同时,调节性T细胞特异性标志Foxp3 mRNA的表达也升高。在同一只荷瘤小鼠中,引流淋巴结中CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞数量（18．8％±0．06％）较对侧非引流淋巴结（16．28％±0．02％）略有升高,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（2）从荷瘤小鼠中纯化的CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞,在体外对抗CD3单抗的刺激无反应,但能抑制CD4^＋CD25^-T细胞的增殖。（3）CD4^＋CD25^＋T／CD4＋T比例与肿瘤大小呈正相关,并且可以抑制CD4^＋CD25^-T细胞的抗肿瘤效应。结论肝癌细胞在小鼠体内的生长可以提高调节性T细胞的数量,其数量的高低与肿瘤的大小呈正相关,提示清除调节性T细胞将是肿瘤免疫治疗的策略之一。     

Activated but not resting regulatory T cells accumulated in tumor microenvironment and correlated with tumor progression in patients with colorectal cancer

Activated T regulatory (T_reg) cells are potent suppressors that mediate immune tolerance. We investigated the relationship between activated T_reg cells and the progression of human colon cancer. We designed a cross‐sectional study of CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells from peripheral blood, primary tumor and nontumor colon tissue of 42 patients with colon cancer and correlated the percentages of different subgroups of T_reg cells with colon cancer stage. The phenotypes, cytokine‐release patterns and suppression ability of these T_reg cells were analyzed. We found that T_reg cells increased significantly in both peripheral blood and cancer tissue. In addition, the T_reg cells expressed significantly lower levels of CCR7, CD62L and CD45RA in comparison to normal volunteers. Further dividing T_reg cells into subgroups based on Foxp3 and CD45RA expression revealed that both activated T_reg cells (Foxp3^hiCD45RA^?) and nonsuppressive T_reg cells (Foxp3^loCD45RA^?), but not resting T_reg cells (Foxp3^lowCD45RA⁺), increased in the peripheral blood and cancer tissue of patients with colon cancer. Only the activated T_reg cells expressed significantly higher levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 and cytotoxic T‐cell antigen‐4. Activated T_reg cells, however, secreted significantly lower levels of effector cytokines (interleukin‐2, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ) than did resting T_reg cells and nonsuppressive cells upon ex vivo stimulation. Activated, but not resting, T_reg cells in cancer tissue correlated with tumor metastases. In summary, we confirmed that activated T_reg cells are a distinct subgroup with effector memory phenotype and fully functional regulatory activity against human colorectal cancer immunity.     

CD45RA-Foxp3high but not CD45RA+Foxp3low suppressive T regulatory cells increased in the peripheral circulation of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and correlated with tumor progression

Background

T regulatory cells (Tregs) contribute to the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by suppressing antitumor immunity. However, little is known regarding the functional heterogeneity of Tregs in HNSCC patients.

Methods

Using multicolor flow cytometry, the frequency of three Treg subsets, separated on the basis of CD45RA and Foxp3, from the peripheral circulation of newly-presenting HNSCC patients (19 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, 20 hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 18 nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 19 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and 36 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma) were assessed with regard to 31 healthy donors and clinicopathological features. Moreover, the functional capacity of each Treg subsets was evaluated based on CD45RA and CD25 expression.

Results

The frequency of Tregs in the peripheral circulation of HNSCC patients as a whole cohort was higher than in healthy donors (P < 0.0001). However, the frequency of Tregs was similar between patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and healthy donors (P = 0.269). Further dividing Tregs into three subsets based on Foxp3 and CD45RA expression revealed that the frequency of CD45RA^-Foxp3^high Tregs and CD45RA^-Foxp3^lowCD4⁺ T cells in patients with HNSCC developing from different subsites was higher than in healthy donors (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), whereas the frequency of CD45RA⁺Foxp3^low Tregs was lower than in healthy donors (P < 0.0001). Functionally study revealed that CD45RA^-CD25⁺⁺⁺ Tregs significantly inhibit the proliferation of CD4⁺CD25^- T cells (P < 0.001) and secrete lower levels of cytokines (P < 0.01) compared with CD45RA^-CD25⁺⁺CD4⁺ T cells. Importantly, the frequency of CD45RA^-Foxp3^high Tregs positively correlate with tumor stage (P < 0.0001) and nodal status (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

CD45RA^-Foxp3^high Tregs increase in the peripheral circulation of HNSCC patients, and correlate with tumor stage and nodal status; suggesting a role in tumor progression which may be manipulated by future immunotherapy.     

B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者外周血CD4＋CD25high CD127low调节性T细胞水平及其临床意义

目的 探讨外周血CD4＋ CD25high CD127low调节性T细胞（Treg细胞）在B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤（B-NHL）患者外周血中表达水平及其临床意义.方法 采用流式细胞术检测100例初诊B-NHL患者及50名健康对照者外周血CD4＋ CD25high CD127low Treg细胞表达水平,进行统计学分析.结果 健康对照者外周血CD4＋ CD25high CD127low Treg细胞中位表达水平为5.00％,初诊B-NHL患者为7.20％,两者之间差异具有统计学意义（P＜ 0.001）.男性患者外周血CD4＋ CD25high CD 127low Treg细胞水平高于女性患者（P＜0.01）,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）增高患者外周血CD4＋ CD25high CD127low Treg细胞水平高于LDH正常患者（P＜0.01）,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者外周血CD4＋C D25high CD 127low Treg细胞水平较Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者增高（P＜0.01）,有B症状患者外周血CD4＋ CD25high CD127low Treg细胞水平高于无B症状患者（P＜0.01）.而不同年龄、国际预后指数评分、有无大包块患者之间外周血CD4＋ CD25high CD 127low Treg细胞水平差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）.结论 B-NHL患者体内存在免疫抑制,在男性、LDH增高、有B症状及晚期患者中CD4＋ CD25high CD127low Treg细胞水平明显增高.检测其水平对于判断B-NHL的预后有一定价值.     

CD103 is a hallmark of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells

Regulatory T cells (Treg) mediate tolerance towards self-antigens by suppression of innate and adaptive immunity. In cancer patients, tumor-infiltrating FoxP3+ Treg suppress local anti-tumor immune responses and are often associated with poor prognosis. Markers that are selectively expressed on tumor-infiltrating Treg may serve as targets for immunotherapy of cancer. Here we show that CD103, an integrin mediating lymphocyte retention in epithelial tissues, is expressed at high levels on tumor-infiltrating FoxP3+ Treg in several types of murine cancer. In the CT26 model of colon cancer up to 90% of the intratumoral FoxP3+ cells expressed CD103 compared to less than 20% in lymphoid organs. CD103+ Treg suppressed T effector cell activation more strongly than CD103(neg) Treg. Expression of CD103 on Treg closely correlated with intratumoral levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and could be induced in a TGF-β-dependent manner by tumor cell lines. In vivo, gene silencing of TGF-β reduced the frequency of CD103+ Treg, demonstrating that CD103 expression on tumor-infiltrating Treg is driven by intratumoral TGF-β. Functional blockade of CD103 using a monoclonal antibody did however not reduce the number of intratumoral Treg, indicating that CD103 is not involved in homing or retention of FoxP3+ cells in the tumor tissue. In conclusion, expression of CD103 is a hallmark of Treg that infiltrate TGF-β-secreting tumors. CD103 thus represents an interesting target for selective depletion of tumor-infiltrating Treg, a strategy that may help to improve anti-cancer therapy.     

Prognostic significance of regulatory T cells in tumor

Since entering the immunological stage several decades ago, regulatory T cell biology has been realized as fundamentally important in the prevention of autoimmune conditions, induction of transplant tolerance and the immune response to cancer. The role of regulatory T cells in tumor immunobiology is still being elucidated. Currently, regulatory T cells are implicated in the dampening of antitumor T‐cell responses both through direct and indirect means. A number of investigators have demonstrated that regulatory T cell density and location may serve as independent prognostic factors in several types of cancer and are alternately detrimental or beneficial to patient survival. In this article, we will review the characteristics and functional phenotype of classical regulatory T cells, describe their distribution and quantification in tumor‐bearing hosts and summarize recent studies investigating the prognostic significance of regulatory T cell number and locality in various cancers.