石河子大学大学生外卖消费与体质状态相关性分析

目的 了解石河子大学大学生外卖消费现状,分析外卖消费与体质状态的关系。方法 采用分层整群抽样,2020年10—11月对石河子大学4 372名大学生进行问卷调查,采用非条件 logistic 回归分析大学生外卖消费对体质状态的影响。结果 76.6%的石河子大学学生有外卖消费经历,专业（χ2 = 10.59）、年级（χ2 = 94.28）、性别（χ2 = 97.16）、生源地（χ2 = 29.21）、户口（χ2 = 24.43）、生活费（χ2 = 183.88）与外卖消费频率有显著性差异（P＜0.05）,医药专业、女生、年级越高、生源来自疆内、城镇户口、生活费越高的大学生外卖消费频率高。专业（χ2 = 8.77）、年级（χ2 = 12.12）、性别（χ2 = 240.85）、户口（χ2 = 22.43）、甜点饮品（χ2 = 12.43）、烧烤串串（χ2 = 6.50）与超重肥胖有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。超重肥胖率为16.6%,logistic 回归分析结果显示,城镇（OR = 1.46,90%CI:1.25～1.72）户口是大学生超重肥胖的危险因素,女生（OR = 0.31,90%CI:0.26～0.37）是保护因素。尚未发现外卖消费与体质状态之间的关联。结论 外卖消费已成为大学生的日常,大学生超重肥胖率偏高,体质状态有待改善,应加强对学生的健康教育,增强身体素质。     

江西省某高校大学生外卖行为对超重肥胖的影响

  目的  了解江西省大学生外卖食品消费与超重肥胖的相关性,为预防和控制大学生超重肥胖以及规范和管理当前外卖食品现状提供科学依据。  方法  2018年5—6月在江西省上饶市随机选取某高校2 610名大学生,对消费外卖食品的频率、食品类型进行问卷调查,采用χ2检验和二元Logistic回归分析大学生消费外卖频率和类型对超重肥胖的影响。  结果  大学生超重肥胖的检出率男生(7.7%)高于女生(4.1%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.02,P < 0.01);不同学院之间大学生超重肥胖的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.54,P < 0.01);在大学生自评家庭经济条件方面,来自于家庭经济条件“好”的大学生超重肥胖检出率(8.8%)高于其他组别。与最近1周内未点外卖和快餐便当的大学生相比,点过外卖和快餐便当的大学生与超重肥胖的发生正性相关(OR值分别为1.80,1.59,P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  大学生经常性外卖消费和外卖类型为“快餐便当”增加超重肥胖发生的风险。应强化大学生对外卖的正确认知,引导大学生合理消费外卖。     

长三角地区“双一流”高校大学生遭受虐待经历与自杀意念的关系

目的 了解长三角地区双一流高校大学生儿童期遭受虐待经历与自杀意念之间的关系,为双一流高校大学生身心健康发展提供帮助。方法 在长三角地区的三省一市选取8所双一流高校的2412名大学生进行虐待经历和自杀意念的问卷调查,并对结果进行〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗检验、logistic回归分析。结果 双一流高校大学生儿童时期遭受1种及以上虐待经历的人数占43.99%。其中躯体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待、躯体忽视、情感忽视的比例分别为12.11%、6.67%、17.21%、36.40%和21.43%。大学生自杀意念报告率为3.94%。情感忽视（OR=2.08）、躯体忽视（OR=2.19）与大学生自杀意念存在正相关（P值均＜0.01）。结论 大学生在儿童期遭受躯体和情感忽视与自杀意念相关,预防儿童期虐待经历有助于预防大学阶段产生自杀意念。     

潍坊市中学生的肥胖状况及在不同运动强度下的心血管反应

目的 调查潍坊市中学生的肥胖流行情况,探讨不同肥胖程度中学生运动后心血管反应的特点。方法 在2017年7月—2019年8月期间抽取潍坊市中学生3 210名,进行问卷调查及体格检查。选取435名肥胖者组成肥胖组, 420名超重者组成超重组,400名正常儿童作为正常组,采用方差分析对比三组在不同运动强度下的心血管反应。结果 潍坊市中学生肥胖检出率为14.33%（460名）,超重检出率为25.13%（810名）,其中肥胖类型从高到低依次为混合型47.83%（220名）、外周型31.09%（143名）、腹型21.09%（97名）。女生肥胖及腹型肥胖的比例高于男生（χ2 = 10.047,P = 0.002;χ2 = 4.137, P = 0.042）;15～17岁学生的肥胖及腹型肥胖的比例高于12～14岁学生（χ2 = 13.048、15.771,P均＜0.001）。轻度运动后,肥胖组的收缩压（systolic blood pressure,SBP）、平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure,MAP）高于正常组 (t = 2.654,P = 0.008;t = 2.608,P = 0.009);中等强度运动后,肥胖组的SBP、MAP、心率（heart rate,HR）、心功能指数（rate - pressure product,RPP）高于正常组(t = 2.494,P = 0.013;t = 3.489,P＜0.001;t = 4.211,P＜0.001;t = 4.627,P＜0.001),超重组的HR、RPP高于正常组 (t = 3.181,P = 0.002;t = 3.880,P＜0.001);高强度运动后,肥胖组的HR、SBP、舒张压（diastolic blood pressure,DBP）、MAP、RPP均高于正常组(t = 4.261,P＜0.001;t = 4.652,P＜0.001;t = 3.385,P＜0.001;t = 5.146,P＜0.001;t = 6.025,P＜0.001),超重组的HR、SBP、DBP、MAP、RPP均高于正常组(t = 3.135,P = 0.002;t = 3.891,P＜0.001;t = 2.806,P = 0.005;t = 4.450,P＜0.001;t = 5.028,P＜0.001)。结论 潍坊市中学生的肥胖超重检出率较高,肥胖及超重者运动后都表现出敏感的心血管反应,学校和家长应及早干预,降低肥胖对心血管系统的危害。     

青少年超重肥胖及校园欺凌与抑郁的关系研究

目的 了解青少年超重肥胖及校园欺凌对抑郁的联合作用,为防控青少年抑郁提供科学证据。方法 2020年于自贡市进行一次横断面调查,共调查三个区两个县的11所中学。对所有研究对象进行抑郁、校园欺凌等问卷调查和身高、体重等体格测量。使用多重线性模型和logistic模型在控制协变量后分析超重肥胖与校园欺凌的联合作用与抑郁的关系。结果 3 022名青少年（51.8%男性;平均年龄14.5岁）纳入本研究,超重肥胖率为17.3%,校园欺凌率为20.2%,抑郁平均得分为11.8,抑郁倾向占比25.6%。超重肥胖青少年相对于体重正常青少年其受到校园欺凌的可能性更高（23.3% vs 19.5%,P = 0.046）。相对于无超重肥胖且未受到校园欺凌的青少年,无超重肥胖但受到校园欺凌的青少年和超重肥胖且受到校园欺凌的青少年抑郁得分更高（β = 3.88,P＜0.001; β = 5.04,P＜0.001）、抑郁倾向更明显（OR = 2.37,95%CI:1.88～2.98,P＜0.001;OR = 3.11,95%CI:2.07～4.65,P＜0.001）;超重肥胖但未受到校园欺凌的青少年的抑郁得分和抑郁倾向无差异。无超重肥胖且未受到校园欺凌、超重肥胖但未受到校园欺凌、无超重肥胖但受到校园欺凌、超重肥胖且受到校园欺凌四组抑郁的患病风险呈上升趋势（OR = 1.49,95%CI:1.35～1.63,P＜0.001）。结论 需关注超重肥胖青少年的校园欺凌现象,以预防其出现抑郁倾向。     

北京市朝阳区成年居民超重肥胖流行现状及其与主要慢性病的关系

目的 了解北京市朝阳区成年居民超重、肥胖流行情况及其与主要慢性病的关系。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,抽取朝阳区13个街乡18岁以上常住居民共39 000人进行问卷调查和身体测量。用χ2检验比较不同特征居民间超重率及肥胖率的差异,采用单因素方差分析比较不同BMI人群的主要慢性病指标的差异,用多因素Logistic回归分析超重肥胖与慢性病的关系。结果 朝阳区成人超重率为38.97%,肥胖率为19.66%;城市居民超重率（χ2 = 114.74,P＜0.05）、肥胖率（χ2 = 373.83,P＜0.05）低于农村居民;男性超重率（χ2 = 101.55,P＜0.05）、肥胖率（χ2 = 22.37,P＜0.05）高于女性,超重组患高血压、糖尿病及血脂异常的风险是正常组的1.50～1.84倍,肥胖组患病风险是正常组的2.06～3.20倍。超重、肥胖组患1种、2种、3种疾病的聚集率均高于体重正常组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论 朝阳区居民超重肥胖流行状况严重。随着BMI水平的升高,成人患高血压等慢性病的风险升高,应积极开展超重肥胖防控工作。     

烟台城区中小学生超重肥胖影响因素分析

目的 了解烟台城区中小学生超重肥胖影响因素,为制定有针对性的防治措施提供科学依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取烟台市3个城区6所中小学8~14岁1052名学生进行体格检查、学生问卷和家长问卷调查,运用SPSS 16.1进行t检验、χ2检验和logistic回归等分析影响因素。结果 城区中小学生超重率为17.59%,肥胖率为23.38%。男生的超重肥胖率(48.54%)高于女生(32.81%)(χ2=18.275,P＜0.001)。睡前吃食物、每天吃早餐和偏食挑食对超重肥胖的发生均有影响,差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.647,7.123,24.895,P＜0.01)。父亲超重肥胖、母亲超重肥胖、出生体重超重和父亲抽烟是学生超重肥胖的影响因素,差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.226,28.565,20.886,4.668,P＜0.05)。多因素分析显示,父亲超重肥胖、男生、睡前吃食物、母亲超重肥胖和出生体重≥4kg是超重肥胖的独立危险因素(OR=2.192,2.032,1.865,1.790,1.725);每天吃早餐和偏食挑食是超重肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.676,0.433)。结论 烟台市中小学生超重肥胖受多种因素影响,应采取有针对性的干预措施,以控制超重肥胖的发生。     

山西省大学生外卖点餐相关因素及与超重肥胖的关系

  目的  了解山西省大学生外卖点餐现状及其与超重肥胖的关系,为促进大学生健康饮食和预防肥胖带来的患病风险提供参考建议。  方法  通过多阶段随机抽样的方法,对山西省大学城内的山西大学、山西理工大学、山西医科大学、山西师范大学、山西传媒学院5所高校的1 631名大学生进行问卷调查,采用有序Logistic回归分析影响大学生外卖点餐频率的影响因素,并采用二元Logistic回归分析大学生超重肥胖的影响因素。  结果  1 456名大学生有点外卖经历,性别、月均生活费、年级和专业是影响大学生外卖点餐频率的影响因素(χ2值分别为72.26,242.89,351.52,222.35,P值均 < 0.01)。大学生超重肥胖率为12.3%,其中男生为19.2%,女生为6.6%。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,在控制性别、月均生活费、年级、专业、常住地后,大学生每周外卖点餐频率越高,超重肥胖率越高(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  大学生外卖点餐行为比较普遍,控制外卖点餐频率有助于降低超重肥胖的发生。     

彭州市居民的肥胖患病率分析

目的 分析彭州市居民的肥胖流行特征。方法 利用中英合作项目“中国慢性病前瞻性研究（CKB)”彭州点基线调查数据,以体重指数（BMI)、腰围和体脂百分比（BF%)三个指标来评价调查对象的肥胖患病率。结果 本次研究共调查55687例,男性21314人,女性34373人,男性肥胖率为5.70%,中心性肥胖率为23.93%,体脂百分比超标率为55.77%,女性肥胖率为9.86%,中心性肥胖率为37.68%,体脂百分比超标率为59.92%;随年龄增长肥胖率、中心性肥胖率、体脂百分比超标率均先升高后下降（男性:χ2=51.22,P＜0.001;χ2=82.94,P＜0.001;χ2=609.16,P＜0.001;女性:χ2=201.33,P＜0.001;χ2=900.02,P＜0.001;χ2=402.97,P＜0.001）,经常吸烟者肥胖率、中心性肥胖率、体脂百分比超标率低于其他吸烟情况组（男性:χ2=133.14,P＜0.001;χ2=200.25,P＜0.001;χ2=187.62,P＜0.001;女性:χ2=26.40,P＜0.001;χ2=88.28,P＜0.001;χ2=186.07,P＜0.001）,休息静坐时间越长,调查对象肥胖率、中心性肥胖率、体脂百分比超标率越高（男性:χ2=75.11,P＜0.001;χ2=245.99,P＜0.001;χ2=160.63,P＜0.001;女性:χ2=31.55,P＜0.001;χ2=45.04,P＜0.001;χ2=173.60,P＜0.001）。结论 彭州市成人肥胖患病率较高,为了预防与控制肥胖流行,应提倡健康的生活方式,适当增加体力活动,合理膳食,尤其是在更年期妇女及高收入人群中开展肥胖的宣传和控制。     

濮阳市中小学生超重肥胖现况及影响因素分析

目的 分析濮阳市中小学生超重肥胖现况和影响因素,为更精准地制定防控中小学生超重肥胖措施提供科学理论依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取濮阳市1个区和2个县的16所学校共4 776名中小学生进行身高体重测量和问卷调查,使用χ²检验和logistic回归模型分析超重肥胖的影响因素。结果 2021年濮阳市中小学生超重肥胖检出率为37.08%,其中超重检出率为17.69%,肥胖检出率为19.39%。男生肥胖检出率(22.96%)和超重肥胖检出率(42.08%)均高于女生(15.65%,31.85%),差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为40.89,53.55,P值均<0.001);随着学段的升高,肥胖检出率和超重肥胖检出率都呈现下降趋势。logistic回归分析提示,女生(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.550～0.740)是中小学生肥胖的保护因素,低学段(小学OR=1.843,95%CI:1.424～2.386;初中OR=1.325,95%CI:1.038～1.691)、过去7 d吃新鲜水果次数每天1次及以上(OR=1.424,95%CI:...     

Performance, proficiency, and value of the dietetics professional: an update

The major focus of the plan is the possible professional development activities provided by the Association and used by members. Ultimately, the Plan offers the Association and members concise and doable tactics for addressing the number one member concern of compensation and benefits.All organizational units of ADA will examine opportunities for developing tools, gathering data, and exploring tactics to build on current programs that will close the gap between performance, proficiency, and value for the profession. Likewise, members are encouraged to use ADA resources, such as the PPV Plan’s tactics to build their professional development plans. Members should also consider investigating outside services or employer resources that compliment the opportunities that ADA offers.The following Professional Development Sessions are planned for the 2003 Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo in San Antonio (October 25–28).Saturday, October 25, 20035:00–7:00 pm—Live Up to Your Dreams: Opening Session Ross Keynote Address, Dot Richardson, MDSunday, October 26, 20038:30–10:00 am—Customer Satisfaction: Creating Demands for our Services8:30–10:00 am—ADA Forum for Students and New Professionals10:30–12:00 pm—Managing your Professional Development Portfolio1:30–3:00 pm—Adding Value Through Differences: Anyone Can Become a Leader3:30–5:00 pm—The Enterprising Dietitian: Building a Diabetes Business with RN Partners3:30–5:00 pm—Business and Communications: Career Opportunities for DietitiansMonday, October 27, 20038:00–9:30 am—Positive Attitude: The Key to Success in Nutrition and Dietetics12:30–1;30 pm—ADA’s Reality Show: Real Stories, Real Members, Real Prizes2:00–3:30 pm—Communications Seminar: How to Manage your Mouth4:00–5:30 pm—You can Have it all: Leadership and Life BalanceTuesday, October 28, 20038:00–9:30 am—Gain-Gain: A New Look at Salary Negotiation10:00 am–11:00 am—Negotiation Skills for Young Professionals10:00–11:00 am—Member Forum: How to Get Involved, ADA Needs You     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: H. Goldstein: Social Learning and Change. A Cognitive Approach to Human Services (Tavistock, London 1981/1985 [paper] and H. Goldstein, H. Hilbert and J. Hilbert (eds.): Creative Change. A Cognitive-Humanistic Approach to Social Work Practice E.M. Goldberg, J. Gibbons, L. Sinclair: Problems, Tasks and Outcomes — The Evaluation of Task-Centred Casework in Three Settings Alan Walker: Social Planning. A strategy for Socialist Welfare Ann Brechin and Penny Liddiard: Look at it this way: New perspectives in rehabilitation S. Ayer and A. Alaszowski: Community Care and the Mentally Handicapped Robin Means and Randall Smith: The Development of Welfare Services for Elderly People H.S. Sudak, A.B. Ford and N.B. Rushforth (eds.) Suicide in the Young Boston Women's Health Book Collective: The New Our Bodies Ourselves Jeannette Mitchell: What is to be done about Illness and Health? Erica Bates and Helen Lapsley: The Health Machine: The Impact of Medical Technology G. Henderson and M. Cohen: The Chinese Hospital — A Socialist Work Unit Mark Harwell: Nuclear Winter: The Human and Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War Owen Green, Ian Percival and Irene Ridge: Nuclear Winter: the Evidence and Risks Steven Rose, Leon J. Kamin and R.C. Lewontin: Not in our Genes: Biology, Ideology and Human Nature P.F. Ricci, L.A. Sagan and C.G. Whipple (eds): Technological Risk Assessment J. Cavanagh, F. Clairmonte: Alcoholic beverages: Dimensions of corporate power. Alex Paton (ed.): Handbook on Alcoholism for Health Professionals Marcus Grant: Same Again: A Guide to Safer Drinking B. MacMahon and T. Sugimura (eds.): Coffee and Health. P. Ebbesen, M. Melbye and R.J. Biggar (eds.): AIDS. A Basic Guide for Clinicians Bert Spilker: Guide to Clinical Studies and Developing Protocols P. Leudtke and R. Leudtke: Computers for Medical Offices Tyckoson, David: AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).     

Hepatitis C virus infection in injection drug users in Bavaria: risk factors for seropositivity

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is the most common disease among intravenous drug users (IDUs). Patients and method: All patients admitted to the detoxification unit 1991–1997 and meeting ICD-10 diagnosis of opioid dependency were tested for anti-HCV serology. Results: Thousand and forty nine patients were included in the study. About 61.3% of the IDUs were anti-HCV positive. Increasing age (PR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.34–1.60), living with a significant other drug user (PR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.05–1.31), history of therapy (PR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.50–1.74), history of imprisonment (PR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36–1.61), history of emergency treatment (PR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.12–1.35), additional daily consumption of benzodiazepines (PR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00–2.21) or alcohol (PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14–1.38), frequency of injecting heroin (daily: PR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78–0.96; previously: PR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03–1.26) and type of opioid dependency (methadone: PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13–1.41) were significant factors, considered as individual factors, for positive anti-HCV serology. Using multiple logistic regression we found that older age (OR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.30–9.67), longer duration of opioid use (OR: 5.74; 95% CI: 1.82–18.13), living with a significant other drug user (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.01–2.16), history of therapy (OR: 4.87; 95% CI: 1.67–14.20), history of imprisonment (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.12–3.28), history of emergency treatment (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.06–1.99) and additional daily consumption of alcohol (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04–2.13) remained independently associated with positive anti-HCV serology. Conclusions: These data support the need for early prevention strategies, namely, education of teachers in schools and further training of counsellors informing IDUs of what they can do to minimise the risk of becoming infected or of transmitting infectious agents to others.     

Artificial oocyte activation: physiological,pathophysiological and ethical aspects

Infertile couples with low oocyte yield in combination with abnormal semen parameters may experience intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) failure. An established factor associated with ICSI failure is oocyte activation deficiency (AOD). The latter originates from seminal contributors, such as phospholipase C-zeta (PLCζ) that is not adequate to produce calcium (Ca²⁺) oscillations for oocyte activation. Apart from this natural activator, other stimulants, such as A23187, ionomycin, strontium chloride or even electric pulses, have been used in embryological laboratories to overcome AOD and ICSI failure. The aim of the present narrative review is to discuss the role of Ca⁺² oscillations in oocyte activation and summarize the evidence concerning the use of oocyte activators as agents for artificial oocyte activation (AOA). Studies in humans and animals have emerged many physiological, pathophysiological and ethical aspects of AOA. In conclusion, in mammalian eggs, the cytosolic Ca⁺² oscillations derive from a periodic release of Ca⁺² from intracellular pools. PLCζ, as well as artificial stimulants, have been used to produce Ca⁺² oscillations for AOA. As the latter may increase the risk of epigenetic induced malformations, further studies are required to clarify whether AOA constitutes an effective and safe method to overcome ICSI failure.

Abbreviations: AOA: artificial oocyte activation; AOD: oocyte activation deficiency; Ca⁺²: Calcium; CAMKII: Ca⁺²/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; CICR: calcium-induced calcium-release; DAG: diacylglycerol; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; ICSI: intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection; InsP₃R: inositol-trisphosphate receptor; IP₃: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; IVF: in vitro fertilization; MAP: mitogen-activated protein; MII: metaphase II; NADP: nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NO: nitric oxide; PAWP: post-acrosomal WW-binding domain protein; PIP₂: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PLC: phospholipase C; PLCζ: phospholipase C-zeta; SOAFs: spermatozoon-released oocyte-activating factors; Sr⁺²: strontium; TFF: total fertilization failure     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Paul J Feldstein: The Politics of Health Legislation: An Economic Perspective John L. Palmer, Timothy Smeeding and Barbara Boyle Torrey (eds.): The Vulnerable J.R.G. Butler and D.P. Doessel (eds.): Health Economics: Australian Readings Research Unit in Health and Behavioural Change: Changing the Public Health Richard Winett, Abby King, and David Altman: Health Psychology & Public Health: An Integrative Approach Milton Lewis: Managing Madness - Psychiatry and Society in Australia 1788–1980 Robert H. Blank: Life, Death, and Public Policy Diane Wiesner: Alternative Medicine. A Guide for Patients and Health Professionals in Australia. Stuart F. Spicker, Ilai Alon, Andre de Vries and H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. (eds.): The Use of Human Beings in Research John M. Freeman & Kevin McDonnell: Tough Decisions: A Casebook in Medical Ethics Neil Thomson and Patricia Merrifield: Aboriginal Health: an annotated bibliography. Nick Heather and Ian Robertson: Problem Drinking: The New Approach Tim Stockwell and Sue Clement: Helping the Problem Drinker: New Initiatives in Community Care Elizabeth Prior Jonson: AIDS: Myths, Facts and Ethics Confronting AIDS: Update 1988 by the Institute of Medicine and the National Academy of Science. McCunney RJ (ed): Handbook of Occupational Medicine D. Christie: A Guide to Occupational Epidemiology. J.A. Baldwin et al. (eds): Textbook of Medical Record Linkage. G.W. Trinca, I.R. Johnston, B.J. Campbell, F.A. Haight, P.R. Knight, G.M. Mackay, A.J. McLean and E. Petrucelli. Reducing Traffic Injury - A global Challenge.     

Cleavage-stage embryo micromanipulation in the clinical setting

Embryo micromanipulation was developed after introduction of microinjection to overcome infertility. Embryo micromanipulation may be performed at any embryo stage from pronuclear to blastocyst. The technique started out as basic and turned out to be increasingly more complex. Embryo micromanipulation at the cleavage-stage includes a wide range of techniques, from opening the zona pellucida in order to improve the chance of implantation, to removing detrimental components from the embryo to enhance embryo development or blastomeres for preimplantation genetic diagnosis and embryo splitting. Evaluating the impact(s) of different micromanipulation techniques on epigenetics of the embryo and considering quality control during these techniques are important issues in this regard. This review aims to discuss the micromanipulation of cleavage-stage embryos in clinical assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Abbreviations: ART: assisted reproductive technology; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF: in vitro fertilization; PGD: preimplantation genetic diagnosis; PZD: partial zona dissection; ZP: zona pellucida; SUZI: subzonal insemination; PVS: perivitelline space; AH: assisted hatching; LAH: laserassisted hatching; ZT: zona thinning; UV: ultraviolet; IR: infrared; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; FISH: fluorescent in situ hybridization; NGS: next generation sequencing; QC: quality control; QA: quality assurance     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Helmut Althoff: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Paul Ahmed (ed.): Living and Dying with Cancer F.C. Rose and M. Gawel: Migraine: The Facts R.B. Scott: Cancer: The Facts D. Barlow: Sexually Transmitted Diseases: The Facts D.W. Goodwin: Alcoholism: The Facts The Royal College of Psychiatrists: Alcohol and Alcoholism L.R. Walton, J.E. Walton, J.A. Scharffenberg: How you can five six extra years S. Areti: Understanding and helping the schizophrenic Neville Drury: The Healing Power — A Handbook of Alternative Medicine and Natural Health in Australia and New Zealand. Andrew Stanway: Alternative Medicine — A Guide to Natural Therapy. N.D. Darby, S. Glaser, I.F. Wilkinson: Health Care and Lifestyle — a Study of Self-Medication in Australia L. Eisenberg, and A. Kleinman (eds.): The Relevance of Social Science for Medicine A.E. Miller and E.G. Miller: Options for Health and Health Care Harold S. Luft: Health Maintenance Organizations K. Stanley, J. Stjernsward, M. Isley: The Conduct of a Cooperative Clinical Trial. J.R.J. Richardson and J.S. Deeble: Statistics of Private Medical Services in Australia, 1976. Avedis Donabedian: The Definition of Quality and Approaches to its Asessment Ann Cartwright and Robert Anderson: General Practice Revisited: A Second Study of Patients and their Doctors. L.E. Burton, H.H. Smith, A.W. Nichols: Public Health and Community Medicine. Torben Bendix and H.J. Wright: The Anxious Patient. Alwyn Smith (ed.): Recent Advances in Community Medicine 2 B.B. Taylor, J.M. Neale and B.C. Allan: Accommodation Change in Old Age C.J. Cooper and J. Marshall (eds.): White Collar and Professional Stress Judi Marshall and Cary L. Cooper (eds): Coping with Stress at Work Robin McKinley: The Care of Children in New Zealand Hospitals Frank Ainsworth and Leon C. Fulcher (eds): Group Care for Children: Concept and Issues. M.L. Wahlqvist (ed.): Food and Nutrition in Australia The Committee for the compilation of materials on damage caused by the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Hiroshima and Nagasaki — the Physical, Medical and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings Gio Wiederhold: Databases for Health Care in D.A.B. Lindberg and P.L. Reichertz (eds.): Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics. A.L. Caplan et. al. (eds.): Concepts of Health and Disease