社会支持在非自杀性自伤行为与留守经历间的中介作用

目的 探讨贵州省初中生社会支持在非自杀性自伤（NSSI）行为与留守经历间的中介作用。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样，选取贵州省7 868名初中生进行现场调查，采用自编调查问卷、青少年社会支持量表、青少年自我伤害行为问卷测量初中生留守经历、社会支持和NSSI行为，利用logistic回归分析、中介效应模型及结构方程模型进行分析。结果 贵州省初中生NSSI行为检出率为23.0%；留守经历对NSSI行为具有正向预测作用（OR=1.632,95%CI:1.464～1.818），社会支持对NSSI行为具有负向预测作用（OR=0.952,95%CI:0.949～0.955）；中介效应结果显示，留守经历不仅直接影响初中生NSSI行为的发生（直接效应估计值为0.606 3,95%CI:0.265 2～0.947 5），也能通过社会支持间接影响NSSI行为的发生（间接效应估计值为0.538 6,95%CI:0.418 2～0.675 8），社会支持在留守经历对NSSI行为的影响中起部分中介作用，中介效应占比为47.04%。结论 有留守经历初中生较无留守经历初中生NSSI行为检出率高，且社会支持主要通过客观...     

青少年非自杀性自伤患者父母人格特征及认知调节情绪策略

  目的  分析青少年非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury，NSSI)患者父母人格特征、认知调节情绪策略对青少年NSSI行为的影响。  方法  选取2020年1月至2021年1月到山东第一医科大学第二附属医院、泰安市中心医院、泰安市精神病医院就诊的青少年NSSI患者为病例组(60人)，在学校、社区及医院选取健康青少年为对照组(60人)，采用中国大五人格问卷简式版、认知情绪调节问卷中文版(CERQ-C)对其父母进行问卷调查，利用Logistic回归评价青少年NSSI的影响因素。  结果  对照组父母开放性、严谨性人格得分[(40.90±6.19)(48.18±6.12)]高于病例组父母[(36.88±5.02)(44.12±6.58)](t值分别为3.90，3.50，P值均＜0.05)。对照组父母面对负性事件时在接受、积极再评价、再关注计划、积极再关注、合理分析的策略得分高于病例组父母(t值分别为3.43，3.58，2.36，5.44，3.53，P值均＜0.05)。病例组父母的神经质与合理分析(r=0.31)、灾难性(r=0.37)呈正相关；开放性与积极再关注(r=0.30)、积极再评价(r=0.27)呈正相关；接受与外向性、开放性、严谨性呈负相关(r值分别为-0.29，-0.40，-0.26)；责备他人与外向性(r=-0.35)、宜人性呈负相关(r=-0.36)；外向性与积极再关注呈负相关(r=-0.32)(P值均 < 0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，病例组父母的经济水平、受教育年限、接受、积极再评价、合理分析、神经质、开放性、严谨性与NSSI行为呈负相关(OR值分别为0.49，0.60，0.59，0.45，0.53，0.81，0.76，0.74)，自我责难、再关注计划与青少年NSSI行为呈正相关(OR值分别为1.55，2.09)(P值均＜0.05)。  结论  青少年NSSI患者父母的人格特征、面对负性事件时的情绪调节策略影响青少年NSSI行为的发生。     

应激性生活事件与青少年非自杀性自伤:有调节的中介效应

  目的  探究负强化在应激性生活事件通过负性情绪激发青少年非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury, NSSI)过程中的调节作用。  方法  采用一般资料调查表、青少年生活事件量表(adolescent self-rating life events checklist, ASLEC)、积极情感消极情感量表(positive affect and negative affect scale, PANAS)、青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷(adolescent non-suicidal self-injury assessment questionnaire, ANSAQ)对4 634名青少年进行匿名调查, 运用结构方程模型分析有调节的中介效应。  结果  青少年NSSI检出率为29.80%。应激性生活事件、负性情绪和NSSI两两间均呈正相关(均有P < 0.01), 负强化与NSSI正相关(P=0.002)。负性情绪在应激性生活事件与NSSI间起中介作用(IE=0.116, 95% CI: 0.090~0.143)。负强化不仅正向调节负性情绪与NSSI的关系(β=0.165, 95% CI: 0.101~0.227), 还可正向调节负性情绪在应激性生活事件与NSSI间的中介效应[中介效应差异比较的3个95%CI分别为(0.090~0.241)、(0.049~0.217)、(0.090~0.241)]。  结论  在应激性生活事件与NSSI间存在有调节的中介效应, 负性情绪发挥中介作用, 负强化不仅恶化负性情绪对NSSI的影响、还加剧应激性生活事件通过负性情绪对NSSI的影响。     

偏执敌对与负性生活事件对大学生非自杀性自伤的影响及其交互作用

探讨偏执敌对与负性生活事件对大学生非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)的影响及其交互作用,为制定非自杀性自伤的干预措施提供依据.方法 以南昌大学为现场进行现况调查,通过自制调查问卷、青少年亚健康多维评定问卷和青少年生活事件量表对3 854名大学生进行信息收集,采用SPSS 20.0进行数据分析.结果 过去12个月大学生NSSI检出率为10.2%(393/3 854),性别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).NSSI组偏执敌对和负性生活事件的得分均高于无NSSI组(P值均<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,偏执敌对和负性生活事件是NSSI的独立危险因素(P值均<0.01).对于大学生而言,偏执敌对与负性生活事件的乘积交互项OR值(95%CI)为0.999(0.998~ 1.000),相加交互作用超额相对危险度、交互作用归因比、交互作用指数分别为0.005,0.428%,1.031.结论 大学生偏执敌对和负性生活事件是非自杀性自伤的独立危险因素,但两者的交互作用较小.     

大学生非自杀性自我伤害与负性生活事件的关系研究

目的 探讨大学生非自杀性自我伤害与负性生活事件的关系。方法 采用整群抽样方法,在武汉市2所综合大学抽取1 988名大学生进行随访问卷调查。采用非自杀性自我伤害问卷和生活事件量表评定大学生自我伤害和生活事件发生情况,通过Logistic回归模型分析大学生生活事件与自我伤害的关系。结果 176名大学生在过去一年内有自我伤害行为。自我伤害组在生活事件量表总分和各个维度的得分均高于非自我伤害组（均有P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归显示,生活事件量表中人际关系因子和受惩罚因子均与自我伤害发生有统计学关联（均有P<0.05）。结论 负性生活事件可能与大学生自我伤害的发生有关。     

健康素养对600名大学生自我效能和自我管理的中介作用

目的 探讨600名大学生健康素养、自我效能、自我管理和健康生活方式之间的关系及其内在作用机制。方法 采用便利抽样法，2021年5—12月选取600名在校大学生，采用一般资料调查问卷、一般自我效能感量表、突发公共卫生事件的居民健康素养评价量表、成年人自我管理能力测评量表、大学生健康生活方式评价量表进行问卷调查。Person相关分析变量间相关性，Amos进行中介效应检验。结果 健康素养与自我效能、自我管理、健康生活方式呈正相关（r=0.703,P<0.01;r=0.697,P<0.01;r=0.536,P<0.01），自我效能与自我管理和健康生活方式呈正相关（r=0.852,P<0.01;r=0.639,P<0.01），自我管理和健康生活方式呈正相关（r=0.592,P<0.01）。中介效应分析显示，大学生健康素养对健康生活方式既有直接效应（0.198）又有间接效应（0.563），总效应为0.761。自我管理的中介作用为0.422，自我效能和自我管理的链式中介作用为0.141。结论 自我管理和自我效能在健康素养对600名大学生健康生活方式影响中起到中介作...     

南宁市壮族青少年家庭亲密度和心理韧性与非自杀性自伤行为的关联

目的 了解壮族青少年家庭亲密度和心理韧性与非自杀性自伤行为之间的关联关系。方法 2019年采用年级分层班级整群抽样的方法,在南宁市抽取2 242名壮族初中学生进行家庭亲密度、心理韧性和非自杀性自伤行为的问卷调查。结果 壮族初中生NSSI得分为（4.52±5.31）分,NSSI检出率为40.50%。在是否留守经历、不同教养方式、不同学习压力间NSSI检出率相比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 13.203、34.362、13.245,P＜0.001）。有NSSI者家庭亲密度、心理韧性得分低于无NSSI者,差异有统计学意义（t = - 14.619、 - 18.118,P＜0.001）。中介效应检验结果显示,家庭亲密度对心理韧性有正向影响（β = 0.48, P＜0.01）,家庭亲密度对NSSI有正向影响(β = 0.650, P＜0.01),心理韧性对NSSI的有正向影响（β = 0.320, P＜0.01）。心理韧性在家庭亲密度和NSSI的标准化间接效应为0.15,中介效应占总效应的18.75%。结论 心理韧性在壮族中学生家庭亲密度和NSSI之间起到中介作用,可通过提高壮族中学生心理韧性、家庭亲密度的方式或途径降低NSSI的发生风险。     

大学生心理弹性在负性生活事件和网络依赖间的中介作用

探讨大学生负性生活事件、心理弹性和网络依赖的关系,为减少大学生网络依赖的发生提供依据.方法 从山西省4所高校中选取896名学生,发放青少年生活事件量表、心理弹性量表和青少年网络依赖行为问卷进行调查.使用SPSS 16.0统计软件对数据进行相关分析和中介效应检验.结果 大学生人际关系和敢为、坚韧、乐观、自我效能均存在正相关(r值分别为0.223,0.199,0.305,0.337,P值均<0.05);学习压力和乐观、自我效能均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.374,-0.320,P值均<0.05);受惩罚和敢为、乐观、自我效能均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.183,-0.331,-0.303,P值均<0.05);丧失因子和乐观、自我效能均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.342,-0.254,P值均<0.05);健康适应和乐观、自我效能呈正相关(r值分别为0.193,0.236,P值均<0.05).大学生自控性和坚韧、自我效能存在正相关(r值分别为0.428,0.398,P值均<0.05);时间管理和敢为、坚韧、自我效能存在正相关(r值分别为0.352,0.299,0.353,P值均<0.05).负性生活事件对网络依赖有明显的直接效应(B=0.323,P<0.05),且心理弹性在负性生活事件与网络依赖间中介效应有统计学意义(B=-0.291,P<0.05),中介效应占总效应的比例为13.9%.结论 大学生心理弹性对负性生活事件和网络依赖起中介作用.     

工作连通行为对护理人员工作生活质量的影响

目的 了解深圳市三级医院护理人员工作连通行为、心理脱离、工作家庭边界控制感和工作生活质量现状，并探索工作连通行为对护理人员工作生活质量的影响：心理脱离和工作家庭边界控制感的多重中介作用。方法 2020年6—9月采用一般情况调查、工作性通信工具使用量表、心理脱离量表、边界控制感问卷及工作相关生活质量量表对深圳市3所三级医院共378名临床护理人员进行问卷调查，并对数据进行分析。结果 深圳市3所三级医院378名护理人员工作连通行为总分为（11.31±2.88）分；心理脱离总分为（7.51±2.96）分，工作家庭边界控制感得分为（22.77±4.77）分，工作生活质量得分为（108.74±18.10）分。护理人员工作连通行为与心理脱离、工作家庭边界控制感、工作生活质量均呈负相关（r=-0.387、-0.313、-0.281，均P<0.01）；心理脱离与工作家庭边界控制感、工作生活质量呈正相关（r=0.163、0.360，均P<0.01）；工作家庭边界控制感与工作生活质量呈正相关（r=0.282,P<0.01）。连通行为不仅对工作生活质量有直接负向的预测作用（直接效应为0.31...     

大学生手机依赖与生活事件主观幸福感的关系

探讨大学生手机依赖与生活事件、主观幸福感之间的关系,为降低大学生对手机的依赖性提供参考.方法 采用手机依赖指数量表、青少年生活事件量表和总体幸福感量表,对整群抽取的湖北省某高校1 639名大学生进行调查.结果 高、低手机依赖组大学生生活事件与主观幸福感各因子得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),并且高手机依赖组生活事件得分高于低手机依赖组,主观幸福感得分低于低手机依赖组;生活事件与手机依赖总分及各维度分存在正相关(r=0.227~ 0.500),主观幸福感与手机依赖总分及各维度分存在负相关(r=0.112~0.458,P值均<0.01).结构方程模型结果显示,主观幸福感在生活事件和手机依赖之间起部分中介作用,其中总效应为0.597,中介效应为0.167,中介效应占总效应的28.0%.结论 主观幸福感在大学生生活事件和手机依赖关系中起部分中介作用.可通过提高大学生的幸福感预防或降低其手机依赖性.     

Breast cancer histology in Caucasians,African Americans,Hispanics, Asians,and pacific islanders

Study objectives. To investigate the association between race/ethnicity and histologic types of breast cancer.

Design. Cross‐sectional study.

Setting. Population‐based data from the Northern California Tumor Registry, which is part of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program.

Participants. A total of 2759 breast cancer cases diagnosed in 1988.

Main results. Tumors were classified as ductal, lobular, and mixed/unspecified carcinoma. Ductal carcinoma was the most common (83.6%) and lobular carcinoma was the rarest. Most cases were diagnosed in the localized stage (56.3%). Caucasian women had the highest rates of total breast cancer (240.9/100 000), ductal and lobular. In African‐American women, the odds of ductal carcinoma were twice that of lobular carcinoma, compared with Caucasian women (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–3.9) after adjusting for age, site, and stage at diagnosis. Similarly, Asian and Hispanic women also had higher, non‐statistically significant odds of ductal versus lobular carcinoma compared with Caucasians (OR = 1.8 [95% CI 0 9–3.7] and 1.6 [95% CI 0.8–3.4], respectively).

Conclusions. Future studies should investigate how racial/ethnic differences in histology among breast cancer patients will influence life expectancy, against a backdrop of health care access, sociocultural issues, lifestyle habits, reproductive history, family history, and tumor characteristics.     

Impact factor,eigenfactor, article influence,scopus SNIP,and SCImage journal rank of occupational therapy journals

Background: Journals are currently assessed and ranked using a number of different quantitative performance metrics.

Aim: To compare and correlate the publication metrics of English-language occupational therapy journals published in 2015.

Method: Bibliometric data was sourced for 14 English-language occupational therapy journals including the Journal Citations Report (JCR) 2-year impact factor (IF), Eigenfactor Score (EFS), Article Influence Score (AIS), Scopus Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP), Scopus Citescore, and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) score. The JCR, Scopus, and SJR 2015 bibliometric data were correlated.

Results: The top six English-language occupational therapy journals in relation to JCR IF, EFS, AIS, SNIP, Citescore, SJR score, and SJR IIF were AJOT, AOTJ, POPT, CJOT, SJOT, and BJOT. JCR IF, EFS, JCR AIS, SNIP, Citescore, SJR score and SJR IIF were all significantly correlated with coefficients ranging from 0.751 to 0.961 (p?<?0.05; p?<?0.01). The calculated SJR IIF was on average 0.335 larger than the JCR IFs reported.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that the range of available bibliometric measures should be used collectively to yield a more comprehensive assessment of journal and article rankings rather than the singular use of IF scores that currently and frequently occurs in many jurisdictions.     

Institutional racism,neighborhood factors,stress, and preterm birth

Objective. Racial/ethnic disparities in the risk of preterm birth may be explained by various factors, and previous studies are limited in examining the role of institutional racism. This study focused on the following questions: what is the association between preterm birth and institutional racism as measured by residential racial segregation (geographic separation by race) and redlining (black–white disparity in mortgage loan denial); and what is the association between preterm birth and reported stress, discrimination, and neighborhood quality.

Design. We used data from a clinic-based sample of pregnant women (n = 3462) participating in a stress and pregnancy study conducted from 1999 to 2004 in Philadelphia, PA (USA). We linked data from the 2000 US Census and Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data from 1999 to 2004 and developed measures of residential redlining and segregation.

Results. Among the entire population, there was an increased risk for preterm birth among women who were older, unmarried, tobacco users, higher number of previous births, high levels of experiences of everyday discrimination, owned their homes, lived in nonredlined areas, and areas with high levels of segregation measured by the isolation index. Among black women, living in a redlined area (where blacks were more likely to be denied mortgage loans compared to whites) was moderately associated with a decreased risk of preterm birth (aRR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6, 0.99).

Conclusion. Residential redlining as a form institutional racism and neighborhood characteristic may be important for understanding racial/ethnic disparities in pregnancy and preterm birth.     

The determination of metals (antimony, bismuth, lead, cadmium, mercury, palladium, platinum, tellurium, thallium, tin and tungsten) in urine samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

 Objective: An analytical method has been established to determine the concentration of antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), tellurium (Te), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl) and tungsten (W) in urine. The aim was to develop a method which is equally suitable for the determination of environmentally as well as occupationally caused metal excretion. Methods: Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was used for the determination of metals. Calibration was done using aqueous solutions and standard addition respectively. Results: Urine samples of 14 persons occupationally non-exposed to metals were analysed. With the exception of Pt and Bi all the metals were found in these urine samples. The detection limits for these metals lie between 5 and 50 ng/l. Conclusions: For some metals, which are important from an occupational as well as an environmental viewpoint, ICP-MS is more sensitive than atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). ICP-MS, moreover, is welcome as a reference method for AAS with the additional advantage of multi-element measurement. Received: 5 February 1996/Accepted: 23 August 1996     

Occurrence,exposure, effects,recommended intake and possible dietary use of selected trace compounds (aluminium,bismuth, cobalt,gold, lithium,nickel, silver)

Background: Minerals, metals, clays and rocks were widely used by physicians in the past. However, it was and it is well known that some inorganic elements at high dosage may have curative effects but also serious toxicity. The effects at low or ultra-low concentrations, on the contrary, are less documented, but the idea that low dosage supplementation might be beneficial to human health is widespread even in the present period. Methods: The main information about aluminium, bismuth, cobalt, gold, lithium, nickel and silver was selected and evaluated from a vast body of medical literature. Results: In modern times, most elements are proposed for human use at levels comparable with normal dietary intake, probably for precautionary considerations. Conclusion: Some inorganic trace compounds might have unexpected effects at extremely low dosages, but scientific demonstrations of beneficial effects of supplementation are mostly not available in the medical literature.     

Ethnicity,education attainment,media exposure,and prenatal care in Vietnam

Objective. Prenatal care coverage in Vietnam has been improving, but ethnic minority women still lag behind in receiving adequate level and type of care. This paper examines ethnic disparities in prenatal care utilization by comparing two groups of ethnic minority and majority women.

Design. We examine the roots of ethnic disparity in prenatal care utilization, focusing on how education and media exposure change health behaviours and lessen disparities. We rely on the 2002 Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey to draw our sample, predictors and the three dimensions of prenatal care, including timing of onset, frequency of visits, and type of provider.

Results. Results from multinomial-, and binary-logistic regression provide evidence that ethnic minority women are less likely to obtain frequent prenatal care and seek care from professional providers than their majority counterparts. However, we find that ethnic minority women are more likely to obtain early care compared to ethnic majority women. Results for predicted probabilities suggest that education and media exposure positively influenced prenatal care behaviours with higher level of education and media exposure associating with accelerated probability of meeting prenatal care requirements.

Conclusion. Our results imply the needs for expansion of media access and schools as well as positive health messages being broadcasted in culturally competent ways.     

Nutrient and Antioxidant Properties of Oils from Bagasses,Agricultural Residues,Medicinal Plants,and Fodders

Objective: This study evaluated the physicochemical properties, fatty acid (FA) and phytochemical compositions, and free radical–scavenging potentials of oils from the bagasses: Costus afer stem (CA) and Saccharum officinarum stem (SB); agricultural residues; corn cobs (CC); tigernut chaff (TB); peanut hulls (GH); medicinal plants: Sphenocentrum jollyanum leaves (SJ) and Senna alata leaves (CS); and fodders: Pennisetum purpureum (PP), Panicum maximum (PM), and Chloris gayana stalks (CG).

Method: Oils from the samples were extracted using a mixture of n-hexane and isopropyl alcohol (3:2). The oils were analyzed for physicochemical properties using standard procedures, phytochemicals and FAs contents using gas chromatography-fluorescent ionization detection, and free radical–scavenging potentials using spectrophotometric methods of determination.

Results: The bagasse and residue oils contained lower moisture contents (1.13%–2.38%) and acid values (1.89–9.20?mg/KOH/g), while the GH oil produced the least refractive indices, saponification value, and oil yield. CA oil contained 78% saturated FA, while SB oils contained 73.65% saturated FA and an abundance of lignoceric, palmitoleic, oleic, and arachidic acid. CC oil contained mostly behenic acid (19.65%), and GH oil produced 87.04% saturated FA, while TB oil produced 56% unsaturated FA. Oils from SJ, CS, PP, PM, and CG contained between 48.34% and 57.09% unsaturated FA. The phytochemical composition showed that ribalinidine and sapogenin were most abundant in PM oil, while lunamarine, kaempferol, and catechin were most abundant in SJ oil. GH oil produced the highest amounts of phytate (53.81?µg/ml) and oxalate (39.47?µg/ml). TB oil and oils from SJ and CS, especially at higher concentrations, matched the scavenging potentials of the standards used.

Conclusions: Due to the thermal stability and amount of short chain fatty acids (SFAs) of the SB, CA, CC, and GH oils, they are more suitable for non-food industrial purposes, while TB, SJ, and CS oil properties are recommendable for therapeutic purposes, especially for relief of oxidative stress.     

Exploring differences in self-rated health among Blacks,Whites, Mexicans,and Puerto Ricans

Objectives. Self-rated health (SRH) is a robust predictor of subsequent health and mortality. Although age, gender, and race differences in SRH have been explored, less work has examined ethnic differences, particularly in the US.

Design. The current study uses representative data from six Chicago communities to compare levels and determinants of fair–poor health for Blacks, Whites, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans (n=1311).

Results. Mexicans and Puerto Ricans were at least three times more likely to report fair or poor health than Whites, while African-Americans were over twice as likely. In adjusted logistic regression models, only Mexicans remain significantly more likely to report fair–poor health than Whites (OR = 4.3, CI = 1.8–9.8). However, this effect disappears when controlling for acculturation. No variable predicted poor subjective health for all groups, though depression was associated with poor health for most.

Conclusion. Together, these analyses suggest that the single item measure of SRH might not be appropriate for comparing health status across members of different race/ethnic groups. More research is needed to understand what factors influence how an individual perceives his or her health.     

Reducing Dust, Lead, Dust Mites, Bacteria, and Fungi in Carpets by Vacuuming

Old carpets may be reservoirs of dust, lead (Pb), and dust mite allergen. The purpose of this study was to determine if the dust, Pb, dust mite allergen, bacteria, and fungi on the surface of carpets could be reduced by 90% in 1 week with the use of a Hoover Self Propelled Vacuum with Embedded Dirt Finder (HSPF). A high-volume surface sampler (HVS3) was used to measure surface dust and pollutants before and after the use of the HSPF to remove deep dust in carpets 12 to 20 years old in nine middle-class homes and two small offices. The minimum, median, and maximum surface loading for the first and final samples are as follows: first fine dust loading: min 0.32 g/m², max 14.4 g/m², median 1.30 g/m²; final fine dust loading: min 0.019 g/m², max 0.289 g/m², median 0.102 g/m²; first Pb loading: min 38 μg/m², max 3,871 μg/m², median 471 μg/m²; final Pb loading: min 13 μg/m², max 2,023 μg/m², median 86 μg/m²; first mite loading: min 0.11 μg/m², max 12.88 μg/m², median 2.82 μg/m²; final mite loading: min 0.06 μg/m², max 3.67 μg/m², median 0.28 μg/m². Data were insufficient to determine if the loadings of bacteria and fungi were reduced a similar amount. Six to 45 min/m² of vacuuming with the HSPF removed deep dust from these carpets. The median surface loadings of fine dust, Pb, and dust mite allergen in these 11 carpets were reduced by 91, 82, and 94%, respectively, in 1 to 15 h of vacuuming. The loading of the deep dust collected with the HSPF ranged from 8 to 171 g/m² with a median of 66 g/m². Received: 7 July 1998/Accepted: 28 November 1998