腹横肌平面阻滞在乳房再造术后镇痛中的临床研究

目的：探讨腹横肌平面阻滞在腹壁皮瓣乳腺癌患者乳房再造术后镇痛的临床效果。方法回顾性分析腹横肌平面阻滞置管间断注射局部麻醉药术后镇痛和术后患者自控静脉镇痛48 h 镇痛效果、阿片类药物的使用量及术后镇痛相关并发症的发生率。结果腹横肌平面阻滞组术后镇痛效果与患者自控静脉镇痛组相当,但阿片类药物使用量和术后镇痛相关并发症发生率却远低于患者自控静脉镇痛组。结论腹壁皮瓣乳腺癌患者乳房再造术后应用腹横肌平面阻滞置管镇痛可提供与传统术后镇痛方法相当的镇痛效果,同时又具有传统术后镇痛方法所不具备的优势,值得临床应用。     

腹横肌平面阻滞在腹部手术术后镇痛中的应用

背景 腹横肌平面（transversus abdominis plane block,TAP）阻滞技术是一项近几十年发展起来的新型的局部神经阻滞技术,它可以减少术后镇痛阿片类药物的用量,继而减少其相关副作用,提高患者总的满意度. 目的 介绍TAP阻滞技术,探讨其在腹部手术术后镇痛中的应用. 内容 就TAP阻滞的解剖基础、操作方法、临床效果、并发症及尚待解决的问题等方面进行综述,为临床研究及应用提供参考. 趋向 TAP阻滞技术,被证实在很多手术的术后镇痛应用中是安全、有效的,有着广阔的应用前景.     

腹横肌平面阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛与硬膜外镇痛用于开腹结直肠手术的比较

目的 观察和比较腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛与连续硬膜外镇痛对开腹结直肠手术患者镇痛和康复的影响. 方法 入选84例开腹结直肠手术患者,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:超声引导下TAP阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛组(T组)和连续硬膜外镇痛组(E组),每组42例.主要监测指标为术后48 h VAS评分,同时比较术后补救镇痛药使用率、舒芬太尼消耗量、胃肠道功能恢复时间、早期活动时间、低血压发生率、恶心呕吐发生率、下肢感觉及运动异常、医学康复时间和实际住院时间等. 结果 最终80例患者完成本研究.两组患者术后48 h VAS评分、术后补救镇痛药使用率、胃肠道功能恢复时间、恶心呕吐发生率、医学康复时间和实际住院时间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与E组比较,T组术后低血压发生率(15％比40％)、早期活动时间[(64±13)h比(91±12)h]、下肢感觉及运动异常(0比10％)、术中及术后舒芬太尼消耗量[(49±11)μg比(43±7)μg及(88±12) μg比(45±5)μg]差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 与连续硬膜外术后镇痛比较,TAP阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛能为开腹结直肠手术患者提供相似的镇痛与康复效果,且低血压等并发症发生率更低.     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞用于下腹部手术术后镇痛的效果

目的观察超声引导下腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞用于下腹部手术术后镇痛的临床效果。方法选择下腹部手术患者90例,年龄25~55岁,随机分为三组,每组30例。A组行超声引导下单侧TAP阻滞;B组行舒芬太尼PCIA;C组行舒芬太尼+罗哌卡因PCEA。所有患者均在腰-硬联合麻醉下完成手术。观察并记录术后2、4、8、16、24h的VAS疼痛评分,及术后镇痛相关的不良反应。结果与A组比较,B组在术后2、4、8、16h的VAS疼痛评分明显升高(P0.05);C组在术后24h的VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P0.05)。与A组比较,B组恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、嗜睡明显增多(P0.05);C组恶心呕吐、下肢感觉及运动异常、尿潴留明显增多(P0.05)。结论超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞可有效缓解下腹部手术后24h内的疼痛,且无明显不良反应。     

腰方肌阻滞与肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞在腹腔镜胃癌根治术后镇痛效果的比较

目的:比较超声引导下腰方肌阻滞（quadratus lumborum block, QLB）与肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞（transverse abdominal plane block, TAPB）用于腹腔镜胃癌根治术的术后镇痛效果。方法:选择2021年1月至2021年7月择期在全身麻醉下行腹腔镜胃癌根治术的患者60例,采...     

腰方肌阻滞与腹横肌平面阻滞用于成人腹部手术术后镇痛效果的Meta分析

目的评价超声引导下腰方肌阻滞(QLB)与腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)在成人腹部手术术后镇痛的效果。方法检索Cochrane、Pubmed、Embase、中国知网、万方和维普数据库,纳入腰方肌阻滞(QLB组)与腹横肌平面阻滞(TAP组)在成人腹部手术后镇痛比较的随机对照试验(RCT)。主要结局指标为术后VAS疼痛评分,次要结局指标包括术后24 h内补救性镇痛率及术后不良反应发生率。采用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入19项RCTs,共1412例患者。与TAP组比较,QLB组术后8 h静息(MD=-0.29, 95%CI-0.52～-0.06,P0.05)及运动状态(MD=-0.47, 95%CI-0.80～-0.14,P0.05)和12h静息(MD=-0.30,95%CI-0.48～-0.13,P0.05)及运动状态(MD=-0.68, 95%CI-1.03～-0.33,P0.05)时VAS评分均明显降低。QLB组术后24 h内补救性镇痛率明显低于TAP组(RR=0.27, 95%CI 0.17～0.42,P0.05),同时恶心呕吐、眩晕的发生率明显低于TAP组(RR=0.37, 95%CI 0.24～0.56,P0.05; RR=0.29, 95%CI 0.14～0.57,P0.05)。结论腰方肌阻滞用于成人腹部手术术后镇痛效果优于腹横肌平面阻滞,且不良反应更少。     

Serum concentration of lidocaine after transversus abdominis plane block

We measured the serum concentration of lidocaine after transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with 40 ml of 1% lidocaine in 12 patients under general anesthesia, using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. The peak mean serum concentration of lidocaine occurred 30 min after the block (3.6 ± 0.7 μg·ml⁻¹). The highest concentration of lidocaine (5.5 μg·ml⁻¹) was recorded 15 min after the block. These results indicate that a TAP block can potentially cause systemic toxicity of a local anesthetic. The analgesic effect of the TAP block may partially depend on the rise in serum concentration of the local anesthetic.     

连续与单次腹横肌平面阻滞用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛的效果比较

目的比较连续腹横肌平面阻滞(CTAPB)与单次腹横肌平面阻滞(STAPB)用于腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)的术后镇痛效果。方法纳入拟行LC患者90例,分成对照组、S组和C组,每组30例,S组和C组患者气管插管后分别行STAPB和CTAPB,术毕三组患者均行患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA),记录三组患者术后1,6,12,24,48,72 h切口部位及腹部深处疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分,术后72 h内PCIA镇痛泵按压次数,术后麻醉不良反应发生情况和术后镇痛的满意度。结果 S组和C组患者术后1、6和12 h切口部位和腹部深处VAS评分均显著低于对照组患者(P0.05),S组和对照组患者术后24、48和72 h切口部位和腹部深处VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),C组患者术后24、48和72 h切口部位和腹部深处VAS评分显著低于S组和对照组患者(P0.05)。术后72 h内S组和C组患者PCIA按压次数均显著少于对照组患者(P0.05),C组患者术后PCIA镇痛泵按压次数显著少于S组患者(P0.05)。S组和C组患者术后恶心发生率均低于对照组患者(P0.05)。术后S组和C组患者满意度均高于对照组患者(P0.05),C组患者满意度高于S组患者(P0.05)。结论超声引导下CTAPB可有效增强LC术后患者的镇痛效果,减少患者阿片类药物使用,降低阿片类药物不良反应发生率,提高患者术后满意度,可作为LC术后较为理想的镇痛方式。     

不同浓度罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果

目的探讨不同浓度罗哌卡因腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果。方法选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级剖宫产产妇150例,随机均分为三组:A组、B组和C组术后双侧TAP分别注射0.25%、0.20%、0.15%罗哌卡因1.5mg/kg,并使用PCIA。观察和记录术后4、8、12、24和48h产妇VAS评分。并记录产妇镇痛满意率、镇痛泵按压次数及发生TAP相关并发症(穿破腹膜入腹腔、腹壁严重损伤、感染出血、局麻药误入血管及局麻药中毒)。结果与C组比较,术后不同时点A组产妇VAS评分明显降低(P0.05)。术后不同时点A组和B组VAS评分差异无统计学意义。与C组比较,A组和B两组产妇对镇痛满意率明显增加、镇痛泵按压次数明显减少(P0.05)。三组产妇未发生穿破腹膜入腹腔、腹壁严重损伤、感染出血、局麻药误入血管及局麻药中毒等TAP相关并发症。结论 0.20%以上罗哌卡因TAP阻滞联合PCIA用于剖宫产术后镇痛是安全有效的。     

Transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine and its effect on opiate use after weight loss surgery: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundLiposomal bupivacaine (LB), as an extended-release local anesthetic, may provide lasting pain control and therefore decrease the need for narcotics in the immediate postoperative period.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with LB decreased the use of postoperative narcotics compared with regular bupivacaine (RB) and no TAP block in patients undergoing weight loss procedures.SettingA large, metropolitan, university-affiliated, tertiary hospital.MethodsPatients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or sleeve-to-bypass conversion over 1 year were randomized to receive TAP block using LB, TAP block with RB, or no block in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. The outcomes measured were postoperative use of opiates, pain score, length of stay, time to ambulation, and nausea. Data were analyzed using χ² test and analysis of variance F test.ResultsTwo hundred nineteen patients were included in the study. Fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia usage was not significantly different between the groups (LB 351.4 versus RB 360.7 versus no TAP block 353.9, P = .97) at 48 hours post operation. The pain scores (scale 1–10) were similar among the groups with the mean for the LB group at 4.3, and RB and no TAP block groups both at 4.7 (P = .35). The type of block or lack of block did not significantly impact the length of stay, time to ambulation, or presence of nausea.ConclusionThe LB TAP block did not significantly reduce the total opiate pain medication consumption nor did it reduce pain scores among bariatric surgery patients.     

Open transversus abdominis plane block and analgesic requirements in patients following right hemicolectomy

INTRODUCTION

Reducing exogenously administered opioids in the post-operative period is associated with early return of bowel function and decreased post-operative complication rates. We evaluated the effectiveness of a surgeon-delivered open transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block as a method to reduce post-operative opioid requirements, sedation and inpatient stay.

METHODS

The patient cohort was identified from those who had undergone a right hemicolectomy for colonic cancer. Patients received either an open TAP block and post-operative patient controlled anaesthesia (PCA) (n=20) or were part of a control group who received subcutaneous local anaesthetic infiltration and PCA (n=16).

RESULTS

PCA morphine use was reduced within the first 24 hours post-operatively in the TAP block group compared with controls (42.1mg vs 72.3mg, p=0.002). Sedation was also reduced significantly in the early post-operative period (p<0.04). There was a non-significant trend towards reduced length of stay in the intervention group (8.2 vs 8.73 days). There were no recorded complications attributable to the open TAP block.

CONCLUSIONS

Open TAP blocks are safe and reduce post-operative opioid requirements and sedation after right hemicolectomies. They should be considered as part of a multimodal enhanced recovery approach to patients undergoing abdominal surgery via a transverse incision.     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞复合口服氨酚曲马多用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果

目的观察超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)复合口服氨酚曲马多用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果。方法择期硬膜外麻醉下行剖宫产手术产妇60例,随机分为两组,TAPB组和PCEA组。手术结束后,TAPB组行超声引导下双侧TAPB,分别注入0.25%罗哌卡因0.6ml/kg,并口服氨酚曲马多片,每次一片(每片含盐酸曲马多37.5mg,对乙酰氨基酚325mg),每8h一次;PCEA组采用0.125%罗哌卡因加1μg/ml舒芬太尼实施持续硬膜外镇痛,背景剂量8ml/h,每次按压3ml,锁定时间15min,每小时最高限量15ml。记录术后2、6、12、24和48h的VAS评分,及患者镇痛满意度和不良反应。结果与PCEA组比较,TAPB组术后6h和12h咳嗽时切口痛VAS评分明显降低(P0.05),产妇镇痛满意度明显提高(P0.05),运动阻滞发生率明显降低(P0.01)。结论超声引导下TAPB复合口服氨酚曲马多用于剖宫产术后镇痛效果优于硬膜外镇痛。     

后路与肋缘下腹横肌平面阻滞应用于下腹正中纵切口剖宫产术后镇痛的比较

目的 比较后路与肋缘下腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞应用于下腹正中纵切口剖宫产术后镇痛效果.方法 选取行剖宫产术,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级产妇100例,用随机数字表法分为A组和B组,每组50例.两组产妇均在蛛网膜下腔-硬膜外腔联合麻醉下行腹部正中纵切口剖宫产手术,待手术结束之后超声引导下进行双侧TAP阻滞,A组产妇采用后路TAP阻滞,B组产妇采用肋缘下TAP阻滞,两侧腹壁分别给予0.375％罗哌卡因20 ml.观察两组产妇术后2、6、12、24 h静息及运动时VAS评分及两组患者自控静脉镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)术后24 h按压泵次数、布托啡诺术后24 h用量、镇痛满意度,同时观察比较两组产妇术后镇痛相关副作用的发生情况.结果 A组产妇术后2、6、12h运动VAS评分[(0.8±1.0)、(2.1±0.9)、(2.0±0.9)分]明显低于B组[(1.8±1.4)、(4.3±1.9)、(4.6±2.2)分](P＜0.05);A组产妇PCIA术后24 h按压泵次数、布托啡诺术后24 h用量也明显少于B组(P＜0.05);满意度高于B组(P＜0.05).在术后镇痛相关副作用方面,A组瘙痒、呕吐发生明显少于B组(P＜0.05),两组均无呼吸抑制、局部血肿及局部麻醉药中毒发生.结论 与肋缘下TAP阻滞比较,经后路TAP阻滞结合PCIA对下腹部正中纵切口剖宫产术后镇痛更为有效,术后阿片药使用剂量更小、副作用更少.     

超声引导下腰方肌阻滞或腹横肌平面阻滞联合舒芬太尼PCIA在阑尾切除术后镇痛中的比较

目的比较腰方肌阻滞(quadratus lumborum block,QLB)与腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞联合舒芬太尼经静脉患者自控镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)在阑尾切除术后镇痛中的效果。方法选择拟于腰-硬联合麻醉下行阑尾切除的患者77例,男44例,女33例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为QLB组(n=39)和TAP组(n=38)。术后于超声引导下分别在腰方肌后表面以及腹内斜肌和腹横肌之间给予0.25%罗哌卡因20 ml。记录术后4、8、12、24、48h舒芬太尼的消耗量及静息VAS评分;记录术后恶心呕吐、眩晕、皮肤瘙痒等不良反应的发生情况。结果术后12~48hQLB组舒芬太尼消耗量明显少于TAP组(P0.05)。两组不同时点静息VAS评分差异无统计学意义。QLB组术后恶心呕吐[2(5.1%)vs 8(21.0%)]、眩晕[4(10.2%)vs 11(28.9%)]的发生率明显低于TAP组(P0.05)。结论 QLB较TAP阻滞能够更加有效地减少术后舒芬太尼用量及不良反应的发生。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞在腹膜透析置管术中的效果

目的探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞在腹膜透析置管术中的安全性和有效性。方法选择在TAP阻滞下行腹膜透析置管手术患者60例,男45例,女15例,年龄35~60岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为两组,每组30例:罗哌卡因(R组)和右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(DR组)。R组以0.375%罗哌卡因45 ml,DR组以右美托咪定1μg/kg+0.375%罗哌卡因复合液45 ml行腹横肌平面阻滞。记录入室后10 min(T1)、手术开始即刻(T2)、术中分离腹横肌(T3)、术毕(T4)时的MAP、HR、SpO2、Ramsay镇静评分。T1-T4时抽取静脉血样,测定血浆皮质醇(Cor)、血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度。记录阻滞起效时间、持续时间、镇痛时间、患者满意度、术中舒芬太尼补救用量及围术期心动过缓、低血压、恶心等不良反应的发生情况。结果与R组比较,T2-T4时DR组MAP明显降低,HR明显减慢,Ramsay评分明显升高,血浆Cor、E、NE浓度明显降低(P<0.05),阻滞持续时间、镇痛时间明显延长(P<0.05),术中舒芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.05),患者满意度明显升高(P<0.05)。两组阻滞起效时间、SpO2及心动过缓、低血压、恶心发生率差异无统计学意义。结论右美托咪定1μg/kg复合0.375%罗哌卡因行腹横肌平面阻滞用于腹膜透析置管术,可有效减轻应激反应,延长阻滞持续时间和镇痛时间,改善麻醉效果。     

Efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a double-blind,dose-comparison,placebo-controlled randomized trial

BackgroundThe analgesic benefit of TAP (transversus abdominis plane) blocks for cesarean delivery pain remains controversial. We compared the analgesic efficacy of two doses of local anesthetic for TAP blocks after cesarean delivery.MethodsSixty women having cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomized to receive ultrasound-guided TAP blocks using either high-dose ropivacaine (3 mg/kg), low-dose ropivacaine (1.5 mg/kg) or placebo. Patients received intrathecal 0.75% bupivacaine 10–12 mg, fentanyl 10 μg and morphine 150 μg and standard multimodal analgesia. The primary outcome was the difference in pain with movement using a numeric rating scale at 24 h. Other outcomes included time to first request for analgesia, pain scores at 6, 12, 36, 48 h and at 6 and 12 weeks, opioid consumption, adverse effects, quality of recovery, and satisfaction.ResultsThere were no differences between groups in the primary outcome. Mean ± SD pain scores (0–10) with movement at 24 h were: high-dose ropivacaine 3.6 ± 1.5, low-dose ropivacaine 4.6 ± 2.1 and placebo 4.1 ± 1.7. With respect to secondary outcomes, the mean ± SD pain scores at 6 h were lower in the high-dose group 2.0 ± 1.8 compared to the low-dose 3.4 ± 2.7 and placebo groups 4.2 ± 2.0 (P = 0.009). Pain scores at 12 h were also lower in the high-dose group 2.2 ± 2.0 compared to the low-dose group 4.1 ± 2.7 and placebo group 4.0 ± 1.3 (P = 0.011). There was no difference in other outcomes between groups.ConclusionsNeither high- or low-dose TAP blocks as part of a multimodal analgesia regimen including intrathecal morphine improved pain scores with movement at 24 h after cesarean delivery when compared to placebo TAP blocks. High-dose TAP blocks may improve pain scores up to 12 h after cesarean delivery.     

超声引导下腹横筋膜平面阻滞与腹横肌平面阻滞在剖宫产术后镇痛中的效果比较

目的 比较超声引导下腹横筋膜平面(TFP)阻滞与腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞在剖宫产术后镇痛中的效果。
方法 择期蛛网膜下腔阻滞下行剖宫产术产妇60例,年龄20～35岁,体重50～75 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组：腹横筋膜平面阻滞组（TFP组）和腹横肌平面阻滞组（TAP组）,每组29例。术毕TFP组行超声引导下双侧腹横筋膜平面阻滞,TAP组行超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面阻滞,两组均每侧注射0.375%罗哌卡因1.25 mg/kg。术后均行曲马多PCIA,若VAS疼痛评分≥4分,肌肉注射曲马多100 mg行补救镇痛。记录术后6、12、24、36、48 h PCIA中曲马多累积用量;记录术后48 h内曲马多补救镇痛情况;记录镇痛期间恶心呕吐、局麻药中毒、呼吸抑制、穿刺部位血肿、穿刺部位感染、腹膜刺穿造成腹腔内注射等不良反应的发生情况。
结果 与TAP组比较,TFP组术后6、12、24、36、48 h PCIA中曲马多累积用量明显减少 （P＜0.05）,术后48 h内曲马多补救镇痛率明显降低 （P＜0.05）。两组镇痛期间恶心呕吐发生率差异统计学意义。两组均无其他不良反应发生。
结论 与超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞比较,腹横筋膜平面阻滞可减少剖宫产术后阿片类药物用量,镇痛效果更佳。     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞在疤痕子宫产妇剖宫产术后镇痛中的效果

目的 观察超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)在疤痕子宫产妇剖宫产术后镇痛中的效果.方法 选择择期剖宫产的疤痕子宫经产妇84例,年龄20～45岁,体重60～80 kg,BMI≤30 kg/m2,ASAⅡ级,孕期37～42周.将产妇随机分为两组:布托啡诺PCIA组(P组)和布托啡诺PCIA联合TAPB组(PT组),每组4...     

腹横肌平面阻滞用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果评价:Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析的方法评价腹横肌平面阻滞(transversus abdominis plane block,TAPB)在剖宫产术后镇痛的安全性及有效性. 方法 检索PubMed 、OVID、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆,检索时间从建库至2015年3月.收集剖宫产术后镇痛使用TAPB的随机对照临床试验.采用Cochrane协作网系统评价法评价纳入文献的质量,采用RevMan5.2软件进行Meta分析. 结果 共纳入12项研究,包括663例患者,其中TAPB组342例,对照组321例.与对照组比较,TAPB组患者术后12h活动时VAS评分明显降低[加权均数差(weighted mean difference,WMD)=-0.61,95％置信区间(confidence interval,CI):-1.13～-0.09,P＜0.05]、术后24 h吗啡累积消耗量减少(WMD=-22.78,95％CI:-24.49～-21.07,P＜0.05)以及TAPB组患者需首次给予补救镇痛的时间延长(WMD=148.22,95％CI:86.57～209.86,P＜0.05),并且TAPB组患者恶心呕吐[比值比(OR)=0.23,95％CI:0.12～0.44,P＜0.05]及过度镇静(OR=0.29,95％CI:0.12～0.67,P＜0.05)的发生率较低. 结论 TAPB可能是剖宫产患者术后镇痛的一种较好的选择.