功能奇特的保健仪表(七)

新型计步器 日本最近开发了一种可放在口袋里或提包中测量步数的新型计步器,它以加速传感器和角度检测传感器相结合,其特征是无论以何种方式携带都能检测。以往的计步器以在腰上佩带为主,新型计步器即使放     

3种体力活动测量问卷的效度研究

目的 使用计步器作为标准在泰州人群中评价国际体力活动短问卷中文版(IPAQ-S-C)、全球体力活动问卷中文版(GPAQ-C)以及总能量消耗问卷中文版(TEEQ-C)的效度,并分别比较IPAQ-S-C、GPAQ-C与TEEQ-C间的同时效度以及IPAQ-S-C与GPAQ-C之间的同时效度.方法 随机抽取泰州市5个乡镇社区300人,连续7d佩戴计步器,并在7d间隔期前后进行IPAQ-S-C、GPAQ-C和TEEQ-C两次调查.分别选择计步器和问卷作为标准考察效度.结果 最终进入分析191人.与TEEQ-C相比较,IPAQ-S-C和GPAQ-C一周重度体力活动的同时效度相关系数分别为为0.32 (P＜ 0.001)与0.28 (P＜ 0.001),其余各分类体力活动的同时效度相关系数在0.4～0.6 (P＜ 0.001)范围之间.GPAQ-C与IPAQ-S-C相比,各分类体力活动的同时效度相关系数大部分在0.47～0.77 (P＜ 0.001)范围之间.3份问卷测量的一周静坐时间、GPAQ-C测量的一周步行/骑自行车时间与计步器一周总步数的相关系数分别为-0.20、-0.24、-0.22和0.21 (P＜ 0.005).结论 IPAQ-S-C、GPAQ-C分别与TEEQ-C相比同时效度可以接受,IPAQ-S-C与GPAQ-C相比同时效度较好;计步器作为标准应用于问卷标准效度研究时需谨慎评价.     

如何选择血压计

如今,人们已不再满足于常规的礼送吃喝,给长辈挑选血压计、血糖仪、计步器、足浴盆等成了送礼新宠。高血压的危害已无须赘述,家中常备血压计定期监测血压是很多高血压患者的选择。那么,如何利用好小小的血压计在家中测量血压呢?     

中医药诊疗项目在社区慢性病防治中的应用现状及对策分析——以常州市为例

目的了解中医药诊疗项目在常州市社区卫生服务机构防治慢性病中的真实应用情况,为慢性病患者享受质优价廉的健康服务、为基层医护人员多元化诊疗项目的应用提供决策支持。方法随机抽取常州市10家社区卫生服务机构进行问卷调查,调查分为2种,一种是针对社区机构管理人员,主要了解社区卫生服务机构运用中医药诊疗项目治疗慢性病的基本情况;另一种是针对社区卫生服务机构的慢性病患者,主要了解患者对于该社区中的中医药诊疗项目服务的满意度评价。结果常州市社区卫生服务机构中医药诊疗项目在慢性病防治中的总体应用情况良好,中医科室开展率尚可,中医药诊疗项目种类较多,但在中医药人才储备、中医药防治慢性病知识宣传、中医药服务价格体系等方面存在不足之处。结论要充分发挥中医药诊疗项目防治社区慢性病的优势,持续加强基层医疗卫生服务机构的中医药服务能力和水平,促进中医药事业的发展。     

追踪随访式健康教育在城市社区常见慢性非传染性疾病防治中的应用研究

目的研究追踪随访式健康教育在城市社区慢性非传染性疾病(慢性病)管理中的应用效果。方法以某社区已确诊的慢性病患者650例为研究对象,对其进行追踪随访式健康教育,并对教育前后的效果指标进行分析。结果研究对象在干预前后的慢性病防治、健康行为改变均有显著改善(P<0.05)。结论追踪随访式健康教育在城市社区常见慢性病防治中的应用成效显著,较目前普遍应用的健康宣教更容易达到增加患者慢性病防治知识知晓率、健康行为改变率的目的 ,值得推广应用。     

运动处方在社区慢性病患者管理中的应用研究

目的:了解将运动处方融入社区慢性病患者管理中的实效,为更好地开展社区慢性病患者管理工作提供科学依据。方法:在登记管理的慢性病患者中,随机选取45～65岁轻中度高血压患者100例,随机分为对照组和干预组,每组各50例,干预组在慢性病管理过程中融入运动处方,在干预前及干预实施6个月后对两组研究对象的相关生理指标进行测量,并使用生活质量评价量表进行问卷调查。结果:干预组研究对象的血压、血脂、体质指数及腰围等生理指标值干预后均明显降低;干预组研究对象生活质量的生理机能、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感职能及精神健康各项得分在干预后均明显升高。结论:将运动处方融入社区慢性病患者管理中,对慢性病患者的病情控制及生活质量提升有明显益处。     

我国慢性病患者赋权研究进展

通过文献研究，回顾我国慢性病患者赋权相关文献，对赋权概念、患者赋权影响因素及赋权测量工具研究现状进行综述。结果表明，我国慢性病患者赋权影响因素研究以针对糖尿病患者量性研究为主，影响因素包括患者一般资料、自我效能、社会支持利用度、人格特质、应对方式和护患关系等；患者赋权测量工具主要由国外引入，尚无针对慢性病人群的量表。进一步研究可采用质性研究方法，从患者和医护人员角度深入探索和分析患者赋权影响因素；研发针对我国慢性病患者群体赋权能力的量表，以全面评估患者赋权能力和影响因素。     

电子计步器给您带来健康

“饭后百步走,活到九十九”,很多人都有这种良好的健身习惯。如果再配上一台电子计步器用来测量人走路的步数,做到走路的定时定量,健身的效果就会更明显。目前,市场销售的电子计步器除了有计步功能以外,还有几种其他的功能,比如北京四通松下电工有限公司生产的松下牌电子计步器,不仅有计步功能,还有时钟功能。我们知道,人在一定的时间内,走的步数不等,健身的效果也     

社区慢性病健康管理引入首诊负责制适宜技术模式的效果评价

目的 探讨社区慢性病健康管理引入首诊负责制适宜技术模式的应用效果,为制定社区慢性病健康管理措施提供依据及技术参考.方法 将社区慢性病健康管理中的各个环节引入首诊负责制模式.通过问卷调查,分析引入首诊负责制后社区慢性病患者健康管理的效果.结果 引入首诊负责制后,社区人群首诊测血压率、筛查慢性病患者人数同比增长率和规范管理同比增长率分别为95.29％、310.66％和275.92％,管理效果显著.结论 引入首诊负责制适宜技术模式能够有效、规范地管理社区慢性病患者,同时能够促进社区慢性病健康管理工作的落实.     

慢性病创新照护框架在慢性病管理中的应用研究进展

慢性病创新照护(ICCC)框架是慢性病管理的重要理论模型,包括微观(患者及其家庭—卫生保健工作组—社区合作伙伴)、中观(卫生保健组织和社区)和宏观(政策) 3个层面。文章介绍了ICCC框架的产生背景、主要内容和在慢性病管理中的应用研究进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

A preliminary study on the impact of a pedometer-based intervention on daily steps

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of an 8-week, pedometer-based lifestyle physical activity intervention on physical activity levels. METHODS: Participants were 37 college employees who volunteered to participate in the study. The intervention consisted of goal setting, pedometer use, self-monitoring, and weekly e-mail reminders. Physical activity measures (pedometer, survey) were taken at baseline and immediately following the intervention. A t-test for paired samples was used to determine significant changes in measures. RESULTS: Results indicate a significant increase in average daily steps (p < .01), from 8565 (+/- 3121) steps at baseline to 10,538 (+/- 3681) steps after the program. Participants who averaged fewer than 6000 steps and obese participants experienced the greatest increase. DISCUSSION: Although preliminary, this study indicates that the minimal contact, self-managed, pedometer-based lifestyle intervention was effective in increasing the daily physical activity of participants. Given the combination of behavioral techniques used, a recommendation for future studies would be to examine the impact of individual behavioral techniques on daily physical activity.     

Moderators and mediators of pedometer use and step count increase in the "10,000 Steps Ghent" intervention

Background  

The European pedometer-based "10,000 Steps Ghent" whole community intervention for 228,000 residents was found to be effective in increasing step counts by an average of 896 steps/day in a sub-sample of adults. The present study aimed to examine the characteristics of intervention participants (n = 438) who (1) used a pedometer and (2) increased their step counts. Additionally, the third aim was to examine the mediational effect of pedometer use on step count change.     

Experiences of women in a minimal contact pedometer-based intervention: a qualitative study

BACKGROUND: Minimal contact pedometer-based interventions are gaining in popularity as a cost-effective method of promoting physical activity. The experiences of women in these interventions, however, have not been adequately studied. PURPOSE: This study used focus groups to explore women's experiences in a minimal contact pedometer-based intervention. METHODS: Participants were women aged 31 to 51 years who completed a 6-week minimal contact pedometer-based intervention. Before the intervention, all participants were inactive or irregularly active. For the intervention, participants wore pedometers, completed weekly logs of daily steps taken, created physical activity goals, and received weekly emails. Email messages contained strategies for increasing physical activity and served as reminders to wear the pedometer and submit the step logs. After the intervention, participants were invited to attend focus groups to discuss their experiences in the intervention. A generic qualitative research approach was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Wearing the pedometer helped participants set goals and motivated them to increase their physical activity. Submitting step logs made them accountable. They wanted more innovative tips in the emails for increasing physical activity. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that the effectiveness of minimal contact interventions may be enhanced by including pedometers, step logs, and email reminders.     

Evaluation of youth pedometer-determined physical activity guidelines using receiver operator characteristic curves

OBJECTIVE: Evidence-based pedometer guidelines have not been sufficiently validated in youth. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the utility of current pedometer-determined physical activity guidelines for youth. METHODS: Participants (n=812, mean age 9.7 years) were from two Midwestern communities during Fall 2005. Participants completed 7 days of pedometer monitoring using a Digiwalker 200-SW. ROC analyses were utilized to assess the utility of the cutpoints in reference to weight status. The percentage of subjects meeting physical activity recommendations (steps/day) was determined using two published recommendations. RESULTS: The mean (SD) steps/day for boys, girls, and sexes combined were 12,709 (3,384), 10,834 (2562), and 11,665 (3028), respectively. Depending on the recommendation, approximately 55-75% of children did not meet the recommended number of steps/day. Sensitivity was high and specificity was low for both current guidelines evaluated. The ROC analysis indicated that lowering the steps/day cutpoint for boys and girls may increase accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that a large percentage of children from two Midwestern communities do not meet current pedometer-based physical activity recommendations. Because the percentage of children categorized as active or inactive depends on the criteria that are employed, it is recommended that researchers select cutpoints based on the preferred context of application.     

县乡中青年男性干部日常计步运动量与体重超标的关系

目的了解县乡中青年男性干部日常步行活动量与体重超标的关系,为开展体重管理奠定基础。方法随机选择136名县乡中青年男性干部,体检时测量体重、体重指数、腰围、肥胖度,依平日生活方式,佩戴计步器测量其日步行运动量（步／d）连续7d,比较步行运动量水平与上述指标的关系,同时问卷调查观察对象日常运动的方式。结果在136名研究对象中,步行运动量Ⅰ-Ⅱ级占58％,步行运动量水平与体重、体重指数、腰围、肥胖度呈负相关,步行运动量达到Ⅲ级时上述指标接近正常;在日常体力活动中,参与健身锻炼的人仅占7％。结论步行运动量与体重超标密切相关,将步行运动量提升,有助于改善该群体的体重超标状态。     

An integrated curriculum approach to increasing habitual physical activity in children: a feasibility study

A relatively new concept is that of "integrating" physical activity throughout the school curriculum, thereby teaching children about lifestyle physical activity in a variety of contexts. One method by which this may be achieved is by utilizing pedometers as a motivational and educational tool for measuring accumulated physical activity. No research is available that shows in-depth integration of physical activity into the curriculum or that investigates the efficacy of pedometer use for this purpose. The purposes of this study were to (1) design and implement a 4-week elementary school curriculum unit, based around pedometer walking and (2) quantify, using pedometry, the physical activity levels of children (N = 78) prior to, and during, the unit implementation. Results showed that more than one half of the participants were achieving >15,000 steps daily, and children were significantly more active on weekdays than weekends (p = .0001). Boys were more active than girls at baseline (p = .01) and during intervention weekdays (p = .03). Differences between baseline and intervention weekdays were nonsignificant for the complete sample; however, significant increases in step counts were observed when the children with low activity levels, especially females, were examined separately. Overall, the integration of physical activity using pedometer-based activities is feasible. However, any increases in activity may be restricted to children who are least active.     

A meta-analysis of pedometer-based walking interventions and weight loss

PURPOSE Cross-sectional studies show that individuals who walk more tend to be thinner than those who walk less. This does not mean, however, that the association between higher step counts and lower weight is causal or that encouraging sedentary individuals to increase step counts helps them lose weight.METHODS In this meta-analysis, we searched 6 electronic databases and contacted pedometer experts to identify pedometer-based walking studies without a dietary intervention that reported weight change as an outcome. We included randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies published after January 1, 1995, in either English or Japanese, with 5 or more adult participants and at least 1 cohort enrolled in a pedometer-based walking intervention lasting at least 4 weeks.RESULTS Nine studies met the study inclusion criteria. Cohort sample size ranged from 15 to 106, for a total of 307 participants, 73% of whom were women and 27% of whom were men. The duration of the intervention ranged from 4 weeks to 1 year, with a median duration of 16 weeks. The pooled estimate of mean weight change from baseline using a fixed-effects model and combining data from all 9 cohorts was −1.27 kg (95% confidence interval, −1.85 to −0.70 kg). Longer intervention duration was associated with greater weight change. On average, participants lost 0.05 kg per week during the interventions.CONCLUSION Pedometer-based walking programs result in a modest amount of weight loss. Longer programs lead to more weight loss than shorter programs.     

Health technology identities and self. Patients’ appropriation of an assistive device for self-management of chronic illness

In recent years, assistive technologies have gained acceptance as tools for supporting chronically ill patients in achieving improvements in physical activity. However, various healthcare and sociological studies show contradicting results regarding the physical and social impact of using such devices. This paper explores real-time user appropriation of an assistive monitoring/tracking device, the pedometer, in a healthcare intervention, with a particular focus on the technology identities users attribute to the pedometer. The study site was a rehabilitation programme at a local Danish health centre supporting patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. As part of this empirical study, six focus-group interviews were conducted with patients before and after they used pedometers. The analysis of respondents’ accounts shows that monitoring devices become part of users’ complex socio-technical ensembles in which the use of the device and its tracking of activity is constantly negotiated through experimentation with type and frequency of use; interpretation of knowledge and experience gained via the device; and negotiation of expectations, wellbeing, and the value of quantified knowledge for the management of chronic illness. On the basis of these findings the paper brings together and advances sociological scholarship on chronic illness, embodiment, the quantified self and technology adoption.     

E-technology and Pedometer Walking Program to Increase Physical Activity at Work

This study examined the application of the transtheoretical model (TTM) as a means to increase physical activity at the worksite through the introduction of a 10-week pedometer walking program combined with internet-based motivational messages. Participants (N = 206) were employees of two worksites who completed a health history questionnaire and assessment based on the TTM. There were significant improvements in the number of steps per week, level of physical activity, movement through stage of change and other health related indicators (p < 0.05). The worksite pedometer walking program and e-technology may be effective interventions in improving the lifestyle of employees who might be at risk for developing chronic diseases. Editors’ Strategic Implications: Because walking is an inexpensive, easy, and convenient form of physical activity for many adults, implementation of this type of workplace program––with the important element of increasing individuals’ awareness of risks––could be an effective approach to reduce cardiovascular risk factors and manage overweight and obesity in sedentary adults. Future research should compare this simple model with more individualized (but often more expensive) programs.