重庆市35～79岁居民膳食模式与血脂异常的相关性研究

目的 分析重庆市35～79岁居民膳食模式与血脂异常的关系，为血脂异常的防治提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法，于2018年抽取重庆市13个区县共21 508名调查对象，通过问卷调查收集其基本信息、行为生活方式及过去一年的膳食情况，测量血压、身高、体重、腰围等，采集空腹静脉血测定总胆固醇、甘油三脂、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白等生化指标。使用SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行统计学处理，采用因子分析法提取膳食模式，将膳食模式因子得分四分位后，以最低四分位为参考，采用单因素与多因素logistic回归分析法探讨不同膳食模式与血脂异常的关联。结果 共提取出重庆市35～79岁居民五种膳食模式，分别是奶蛋模式、肉类模式、蔬果模式、面食模式和油盐模式。调整可能的混杂因素后发现，奶蛋模式（Q4:OR=0.87,95%CI:0.79～0.95）和蔬果模式（Q3:OR=0.89,95%CI:0.81～0.97）与血脂异常的发生呈负相关，面食模式（Q3:OR=1.12,95%CI:1.02～1.23;Q4:OR=1.12,95%CI:1.02～1.22）与血脂异常...     

江苏省成年人血脂异常与膳食模式的相关性研究

目的 了解江苏省成年人血脂异常与膳食因素的关系。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,于2014年在江苏省12个监测点抽取9 180名18岁以上常住成年居民,采用问卷调查收集研究对象的一般情况和膳食情况,取空腹静脉血测定血脂。运用因子分析法建立膳食模式,使用多因素logistic回归分析膳食模式和血脂异常的关系。结果 江苏省城乡18岁及以上居民血脂异常总患病率为32.2%。从膳食模式的角度来看,本次研究表明江苏省居民膳食模式主要有四种类型,即动物模式、面食模式、咸菜蛋类模式、奶类模式。总胆固醇含量在面食模式中第四等分人群中最高;甘油三酯在动物模式第四等分、奶类模式第四等分最高,在奶类模式第一等分中最低;高密度脂蛋白在各模式以及各等分之间差异不显著。男性中,血脂异常率在面食模式和奶类模式四分位数之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),女性的四种膳食模式中血脂异常患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在调整年龄、城乡、经济收入、教育程度、以及体质指数后,男性面食模式的Q2、Q3分位表现出增加血脂异常的风险(Q2:OR=1.645, 95%CI:1.172~2.308;Q3: OR=1.606, 95%CI:1.151~2.240);女性咸菜蛋类模式的Q2分位有可能降低血脂异常的风险(OR=0.728, 95%CI:0.543~0.977),但是其奶类模式的Q4则会增加血脂异常的风险(OR=1.514, 95%CI:1.081~2.121)。结论 江苏省成年人血脂异常水平较高,奶类模式与居民血脂异常呈正相关,面食模式与男性居民血脂异常呈现正相关,咸菜蛋类模式对女性居民血脂异常呈现负相关。     

重庆市长寿区30～79岁居民膳食模式与高尿酸血症关系

目的 了解重庆市长寿区居民膳食模式及其与高尿酸血症的关系,为高尿酸血症的预防控制提供参考依据。方法 2018年9—12月采用分层整群抽样方法在长寿区抽取1 004名30～79岁成年居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测;采用因子分析提取膳食模式,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析膳食模式与高尿酸血症的关系。结果 长寿区30～79岁居民高尿酸血症患病率为10.36%,因子分析得出4种膳食模式,分别为蛋奶水果模式、肉食模式、素食模式和主食模式,累计方差贡献率为41.58%。在调整相关混杂因素后发现,高水平肉食模式是高尿酸血症的危险因素(OR=2.39,95%CI:1.27～4.52);高水平素食模式是高尿酸血症的保护因素(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.29～0.98)。结论 重庆市长寿区居民的肉食模式与素食模式与高尿酸血症患病密切相关,应推广健康膳食模式。     

潍坊市成人居民主要慢性病患病现状及其影响因素分析

目的 了解潍坊市成人居民慢性病患病现状及其影响因素,为慢性病预防与控制提供理论依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法在潍坊市抽取5 156名≥18岁成人居民进行问卷调查,利用logistic回归分析主要慢性病患病影响因素。结果 潍坊市成人居民高血压、血脂异常及糖尿病患病率分别为35.16%、34.60%、9.39%;对其影响因素进行logistic回归分析,多因素结果显示男性（OR = 1.391,95%CI:1.164～1.661）、年龄大（OR = 13.568,95%CI:8.215～22.408）、饮酒（OR = 1.270,95%CI:1.060～1.520）、肥胖（OR = 9.644,95%CI:5.203～17.878）、高盐（OR = 1.020,95%CI:1.000～1.041）、自评健康状况差（OR = 3.006,95%CI:1.694～5.335）、锻炼（OR = 0.834,95%CI: 0.725～0.959）是高血压的影响因素;男性（OR = 1.268,95%CI:1.032～1.558）、年龄大（OR = 6.049,95%CI:2.420～15.117）、肥胖（OR = 18.227,95%CI:2.471～134.480）、自评健康状况差（OR = 3.664,95%CI:1.093～12.277）、锻炼（OR = 0.719,95%CI:0.587～0.880）是糖尿病的影响因素;年龄大（OR = 2.209,95%CI:1.522～3.206）、自评健康状况好（OR = 0.859,95%CI:0.743～0.993）、已婚（OR = 0.599,95%CI:0.402～0.893）、肥胖（OR = 6.239,95%CI:3.868～10.062）、吸烟（OR = 1.281,95%CI:1.076～1.526）、高盐（OR = 1.024,95%CI:1.006～1.043）、高油（OR = 1.208,95%CI:1.007～1.014）是血脂异常的影响因素。结论 高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病是潍坊市成人居民的主要健康问题,其患病率随年龄呈上升趋势,应加强对老年人、超重和肥胖居民的健康管理,同时大力倡导低盐饮食,戒烟限酒,适度锻炼,提高居民生存质量。     

哈尔滨市成年居民膳食模式与高血压患病关系

目的了解中国北方城市哈尔滨居民饮食习惯和膳食模式与高血压患病关系。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法共抽取哈尔滨市42个社区,使用食物频率表对12 865名20~74岁常住居民进行膳食调查,有效调查8 591人,使用因子分析方法建立膳食模式,应用logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式与高血压的关系。结果 8 591名居民中,高血压患者3 386例,总患病率为39.4%,其中男性患病率为47.4%(1 447/3 051),女性为35.0%(1 939/5 540);因子分析得到5种膳食模式、即主食模式、植物食物模式、均衡膳食模式、豆类食物模式、动物食物模式;经logistic回归分析,均衡膳食模式为高血压患病的保护因素(OR=0.86,95%CI=0.81~0.92,P0.000 1),能降低高血压患病风险;对年龄、性别、教育、BM I、吸烟、饮酒、运动、高血压家族史和总能量摄入进行校正,高盐摄入组患病风险为低盐摄入组的1.62倍(OR=1.62,95%CI=1.29~2.04,P0.000 1);食用油摄入油腻组高血压的患病风险为清淡组的1.10倍(OR=1.10,95%CI=1.01~1.43,P=0.004)。结论高盐和油腻的饮食习惯,以及不均衡的膳食模式能增加我国北方居民高血压患病风险,应该调整膳食结构和饮食习惯,预防和控制高血压的发生。     

天津市成年男性居民膳食模式与代谢综合征关系

目的了解天津市成年男性居民的膳食模式及其与代谢综合征(MS)之间的关系,为MS的预防控制提供参考依据。方法整群抽取2015年1—12月在天津市和平区健康指导中心进行体检的1 399名20～59岁成年男性居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测;采用因子分析法及单因素和多因素logistic回归模型分析主要膳食模式及其与MS之间的关系。结果天津市成年男性居民MS的患病率为17.51%;因子分析共得到蔬果海产品膳食模式、饮料酒精速食膳食模式、面食杂粮膳食模式、稻米肉蛋膳食模式4种膳食模式,累积方差贡献率为45.840%;在调整了年龄、体质指数(BMI)、膳食摄入能量、吸烟情况和饮酒情况后,多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,饮料酒精速食膳食模式得分最高四分位数(Q4)者患MS的风险为最低四分位数(Q1)者的1.666倍(OR=1.666,95%CI=1.063～2.611)。结论酒精、饮料以及速食类食品摄入过多可增加天津市成年男性居民患MS的风险。     

高寒地区老年人群膳食模式与慢性病的相关性分析

目的了解高寒地区老年人群的膳食模式类型并分析不同膳食模式与慢性病的相关性。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取齐齐哈尔市年龄≥65周岁的2 738名常住居民进行调查,运用因子分析的方法建立膳食模式,应用logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式与慢性病的关系。结果经因子分析提取出4种膳食模式:模式1"动植物蛋白膳食模式"、模式2"零食小吃膳食模式"、模式3"果蔬类膳食模式"、模式4"谷薯类膳食模式";经logistic回归分析显示,模式1是肥胖的危险因素(OR=1.309,95%CI=1.027～1.669,P0.05);模式2是糖尿病的危险因素(OR=1.319,95%CI=1.040～1.672,P0.05);模式3是高脂血症的保护因素(OR=0.722,95%CI=0.541～0.964,P0.05)。结论动植物蛋白膳食模式及零食小吃膳食模式能够增加高寒地区老年人慢性病的发病风险;应针对不同膳食模式人群加强公众健康教育,倡导平衡膳食,控制慢性病的发生发展。     

青海省少数民族地区老年人膳食情况调查分析

目的 分析青海省少数民族地区老年人膳食摄入情况、主要膳食模式及其影响因素。方法 采用二阶段整群抽样的方法选取食物频率法调查青海省四县60岁及以上农村老年人膳食摄入情况，通过因子分析方法提取膳食模式，采用χ²检验分析不同膳食模式研究人群特征，采用无序多分类logistic回归分析膳食模式的影响因素。结果 研究人群每日食物摄入量与膳食指南推荐量存在差异，因子分析共提取三种膳食模式，分别为蔬菜薯类模式(28.60%)、禽肉水果模式(35.59%)和畜肉奶类模式(35.81%),χ²检验显示最高四分位数组研究人群特征与最低四分位数组(Q1)相比差异有统计学意义，logistic结果显示在其他因素不变的情况下藏族老年人(OR=90.712,95%CI:38.263～215.054)较汉族更倾向于选择畜肉奶类模式，同时收入(OR=0.447,95%CI:0.250～0.798)、运动习惯(OR=2.374,95%CI:1.332～4.234)也是膳食模式的独立影响因素。结论 青海省少数民族地区老年人膳食摄入存在过量和不足的情况，膳食模式分析发现存在食物种...     

贵州省少数民族居民特色饮食与血脂异常的关联分析

目的 了解贵州省少数民族居民血脂异常流行现状及其与特色饮食的关系。方法 对贵州省30～79岁10 620名侗族、苗族人群进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测,采用logistic回归分析特色饮食与血脂异常及其分类的关系。结果 贵州省少数民族居民血脂异常检出率为34.94%,其中侗族35.30%,苗族34.47%,logistic回归分析结果显示牛/羊瘪>1次/月与血脂异常（OR=1.261,95%CI:1.091～1.458）和高甘油三酯血症（TG）(OR=1.380,95%CI:1.174～1.622)患病风险呈正相关;白酸汤>4次/月（OR=0.862,95%CI:0.753～0.988）与血脂异常患病风险呈负相关,蕨菜>1次/月与高胆固醇血症（TC）(OR=0.737,95%CI:0.581～0.936)和高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症（LDL-C）(OR=0.611,95%CI:0.472～0.790)患病风险呈负相关。结论 牛/羊瘪>1次/月可能会增加血脂异常和高TG血症患病风险;白酸汤>4次/月可能会降低血脂异常患病风险,蕨菜>1次/月可能会降低...     

北京市某区居民膳食模式及其影响因素研究

目的 利用膳食模式进行饮食行为分析并探讨其影响因素。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样方法,对某区18~79岁的居民进行调查。采用食物频数调查表了解居民膳食情况,利用因子分析法建立膳食模式,无序多分类Logistic回归法分析膳食模式的影响因素。结果 被调查居民3 624人中有5种主要膳食模式,分别命名为肉类模式、果汁饮料模式、主食酒水模式、传统模式和蛋奶模式。单因素分析结果发现文化程度、职业类型、性别、年龄与膳食模式得分关联均有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。多分类Logistic分析结果显示:肉类模式得分与文化程度呈正相关（P=0.003,OR=1.841,95%CI:1.234~2.748）,与女性呈负相关（P<0.001,OR=0.428,95%CI:0.315~0.582）;果汁饮料模式得分与年龄（P<0.001,OR=0.946,95%CI:0.932~0.961）、女性（P=0.020,OR=0.694,95%CI:0.510~0.943）、患有糖尿病（P=0.013,OR=0.456,95%CI:0.246~0.846）呈负相关;主食酒水模式与女性负相关（P<0.001,OR=0.083,95%CI:0.058~0.118）,与从事体力活动性工作正相关（P=0.027,OR=1.529,95%CI:1.050~2.228）;传统模式与家人共同生活（P=0.005,OR=1.636,95%CI:1.160~2.305）正相关,与学生负相关（P=0.027,OR=0.091,95%CI:0.011~0.765）;蛋奶模式与年龄（P<0.001,OR=1.036,95%CI:1.021~1.051）、女性（P<0.001,OR=1.922,95%CI:1.414~2.612）、文化程度（P<0.001,OR=2.598,95%CI:1.759~3.837）呈正相关。结论 居民的饮食行为会受到年龄、性别、文化程度、职业等因素的影响,应根据不同人群的膳食模式特点,为其提供针对性的健康教育与行为干预。     

Bullying and ostracism in youth with and without ADHD: implications for risk and resilience

Objective: This study compared bullying experiences, psychosocial adjustment, and resiliency in youth with and without ADHD.

Method: Participants included 73 youth ages 12–17 with and without ADHD. Participants and their caregivers completed the Bullying and Ostracism Screening Scale, Pediatric Symptom Checklist, and Fitness and Flourish Scale.

Results: There were no significant group differences in youth self-report for rates of bullying experiences or psychosocial adjustment. In contrast, caregivers reported significantly higher levels of victimization experiences (bullying and ostracism) and psychosocial maladjustment for youth with ADHD. Youth who reported increased victimization experiences also reported significantly more internalizing symptoms and lower levels of resilience, irrespective of ADHD diagnosis.

Conclusion. The diagnosis of ADHD did not confer increased risk for bullying or ostracism according to youth self-report. In contrast, caregivers of youth with ADHD reported increased risk for victimization and higher rates of psychosocial maladjustment. Potential reasons for these inter-rater differences are discussed.     

Turkish and German patients' recall of diagnosis and therapy before and following informed consent

Objective. Adequate patient knowledge is essential for good compliance, effective doctor–patient communications and is the basis for informed consent. The purpose of the study was to examine differences in recall of informed consent procedures between patients with different ethnicity and to identify potential explanatory factors.

Design. We analyzed 579 patients, attending and released from a gynecology department in Berlin, Germany, between March 1997 and October 1998. To assess actual understanding of disclosure information, Turkish and German patients' perceptions were compared with documented data of their diagnoses and therapy.

Results. Overall, patients correctly identified 69% of their diagnosis and 76% of their therapy. On discharge overall patients' recall decreased significantly. Whereas German patients' knowledge increased, Turkish patients showed significant decreases in diagnosis and therapy recall.

Conclusion. The results reflect socio‐demographic differences between ethnic groups and indicate deficiency of the informed consent process for patients belonging to an ethnic minority.

Fragestellung. Ein ausreichend gutes und adäquates Wissen der Patienten ist wichtig für eine gute Compliance, eine effektive Arzt‐Patienten‐Beziehung und stellt die Basis für den sogenannten informed consent dar. Zielstellung der Studie war die Feststellung von Unterschieden im Wissensstand von Patientinnen verschiedener Ethnizität vor und nach der Aufklärung auf einer gynäkologisch‐operativen Station und die Identifizierung von Erklärungsfaktoren für eventuelle Differenzen.

Patientinnenkollektiv und Methodik. Es wurden 579 Patientinnen in die Studie einbezogen, die zwischen März 1997 und Oktober 1998 auf einer gynäkologischen Station in Berlin behandelt und mit einem Fragebogen befragt wurden. Zur Feststellung des jeweiligen aktuellen Informationsstandes wurden die Angaben der deutschen und der türkischstämmigen Patientinnen mit den dokumentierten Daten zu Diagnose und Therapie in den Krankenakten verglichen.

Ergebnisse. Insgesamt konnten 69% aller Patientinnen ihre Diagnose und 76% die Therapie richtig wiedergeben. Der Kenntnisstand am Ende des stationären Aufenthaltes war insgesamt signifikant schlechter als am Anfang. Während die deutschen Patientinnen besser Bescheid wussten, zeigten die türkischstämmigen Patientinnen signifikante Defizite hinsichtlich ihres Wissens über ihre Diagnose und Therapie.

Zusammenfassung. Die Ergebnisse reflektieren soziodemographische Unterschiede zwischen ethnischen Gruppen und zeigen Defizite im Informationsprozess vor und während des Klinikaufenthaltes insbesondere bei den Migrantinnen auf.     

Agriculture and musculoskeletal disorders in low- and middle-income countries

Objectives: To systematically explore and summarize the risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among the agricultural workers in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In addition, to identify and analyze the methodological flaws in the reviewed studies.

Methods: A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Science Direct, Embase, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Three-phased screening process was undertaken to eliminate irrelevant publications. Assessment of methodological quality was done using a standardized assessment tool.

Results: Eighteen cross-sectional studies were included in the narrative synthesis. Based on the median score of 38%, nine publications were classified as having higher methodological quality. Eight countries were represented in this review, mainly the South East Asia countries. Majority of the participants were rice farmers. Most common risk factors associated with WMSDs were physical factors (n = 10), followed by individual (n = 6) and psychosocial (n = 5) risk factors. A majority of the studies investigated the risk factors for spinal region. Several methodological weaknesses were noticed in the studies concerning outcome definition, assessment of potential confounders, generalizability, selection bias, information bias, and statistical analysis. Extensive heterogeneity across the studies prevented statistical pooling.

Conclusions: The common anatomical region evaluated was the spine and the most reported risk factors were physical risk factors. Future researches in the LMIC should focus on conducting longitudinal studies that could infer temporality. Researchers should give more attention in defining the study population, evaluating the exposure and outcome in an unbiased way, and in executing reliable statistical analysis.     

Serum Homocysteine and Cysteine Levels and Anthropometric Changes: A Longitudinal Study among Brazilian Children and Adolescents

Objective: This article aimed to identify the influence of high serum homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys) levels, alone or in conjunction, on changes in anthropometric parameters in children and adolescents over a 12-month follow-up period.

Methods: This is a cohort study involving 483 boys and girls 7–15 years of age. The outcome variables were body mass index (BMI)-for-age and waist circumference (WC) and the principal exposure variables were serum Hcy and Cys levels, alone or in conjunction. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used to identify longitudinal changes in the outcome variables.

Results: Irrespective of age, sex, socioeconomic conditions, dietary intake, or the practice of physical activity, the children and adolescents in the fifth quintile of distribution of Hcy levels had a z-score increase of 0.50 (p < 0.01) and a 3.62 cm increase (p < 0.01) in mean BMI-for-age and WC, respectively, over the period of the study. In individuals with Cys values above the fifth quintile, a z-score increase of 0.59 (p < 0.01) and a 5 cm increase (p < 0.01) were found in BMI-for-age and WC, respectively. When serum Hcy and Cys levels were both above the fifth quintile of distribution, a z-score increase of 0.87 (p < 0.01) and a 6.57 cm increase (p < 0.01) were found in mean BMI-for-age and WC, respectively, over the 12-month follow-up.

Conclusion: High serum Hcy and Cys levels contributed to an increase in BMI-for-age and WC in children and adolescents over a 12-month follow-up period, with these increases being even greater when these 2 biochemical parameters were simultaneously high.     

Short-term and long-term efficacy of classical ketogenic diet and modified Atkins diet in children and adolescents with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: Classical ketogenic diet (KD) and modified Atkins diet (MAD) are two types of KD commonly used for the treatment of intractable epilepsy throughout the world. Studies have shown the efficacy of these diets. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis study has to date compared the efficacy of KD and MAD in a time trend. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to compare the short-term and long-term efficacy of classical KD and MAD in children and adolescents with epilepsy and to determine the efficacy of classical KD and MAD at multiple time points and in a time trend.

Methods: Main electronic literature databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE, were searched in November 2016. Rate difference and random effects model were used to compare the efficacy of the classical KD and MAD.

Results: Overall, 70 studies were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis revealed a non-significant trend toward a higher efficacy of MAD at month-3 and month-6 (P?>?0.05). In the classical KD group, the percentage of responder patients achieving ≥50% seizure reduction was 62, 60, 52, 42, and 46% at month-1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 and for the MAD group was 55, 47, 42, and 29% at month-1, 3, 6, and 12, respectively.

Discussion: Classical KD does not differ substantially from MAD in ≥50% and ≥90% reduction of seizure frequency at month-3 and month-6. Overall, the number of patients achieving seizure freedom increases over time.     

Adolescent Obesity and Its Association with Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the adolescent obesity and its association with Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents.

Method: This cross sectional study included 95 adolescents aged between 10 and 18 who visited a Primary Health Service Center in Turkey. Participants’ biochemical parameters, anthropometric measurements and blood pressures were measured. The level of adherence to Mediterranean Diet was evaluated by a clinical questionnaire, the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED).

Results: Overweight adolescents had significantly higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c, C-reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase, than normal-weight adolescents. Overweight/obese subjects also had significantly lower HDL cholesterol than normal-weight subjects. Results indicated that 60.0% of the adolescents had a low quality diet, 34.7% had a mid-quality/needs-improvement diet, and 5.3% had an optimal quality diet. No association was found between diet quality and obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusion: Overweight and obese children are strongly associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. To avoid health problems arising from obesity, adolescents should refer to global solutions. Mediterranean diet is a good measure against adverse cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence.     

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Their Association With the Indicators of Iron and Inflammation Status Among Adolescent Girls

Background: The objective of this study was to identify an association among dietary components, iron, and inflammatory status among adolescent girls.

Method: Dietary information for 85 adolescent girls was collected through food frequency questionnaires. Biomarkers of iron and inflammatory status were analyzed.

Results: We found that 28.2% of adolescent girls had anemia and 65.9% girls were iron-deficient. Girls who did not consume guava had 3.8-fold (95% confidence interval =1.1–9.4; p?=?0.020) increased the risk of having low serum iron levels. Girls who consumed amaranth had significantly (p?=?0.024) higher serum hepcidin levels (n?=?44; 129.7?±?81.40?pg/mL vs n?=?41; 94.6?±?55.8?pg/mL) as well as ferritin levels (n?=?44; 19.7?±?16.4?µg/L vs n?=?41; 14.0?±?10.2?µg/L). Overall consumption of fruits and green leafy vegetables among girls significantly affects their iron status.

Conclusions: Regular consumption of vitamin C–rich fruits and green leafy vegetable intake are imperative for improvement of iron status among adolescent girls.     

Anthropometric Evaluation and Functional Assessment of Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension and its Relationship with Pulmonary Circulation Parameters and Functional Performance

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the anthropometric and functional status in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and its relationship with pulmonary circulation parameters and functional performance.

Methods: The study is cross-sectional with 34 subjects, who were evaluated in terms of anthropometric measurements, physical performance, pulmonary circulation, and regular physical activity.

Results: Subjects had a mean age of 47.0 ± 14.5 years, mean IMC 28.5 ± 7.7 kg/m² among adults, and 27.65 ± 2.68 kg/m² among elderly, with high body fat and preserved muscle mass. The sample presented the parameters of pulmonary circulation expected for PH patients and adequate performance in the physical capacity test. By linear regression analysis there was observed a negative relationship between body fat and regular physical activity.

Conclusion: The evaluated subjects had an excess of body weight and fat, with preserved muscle mass, which does not appear to interfere in the pulmonary circulation parameters. However, elevated body fat appears to impair regular their physical activity.