2019—2021年内蒙古自治区11～22岁学生网络成瘾流行现状及与行为因素关系

目的 了解2019—2021年内蒙古自治区（简称内蒙古）11～22岁学生网络成瘾的流行率及年度变化趋势,探讨网络成瘾行为影响因素,为预防学生网络成瘾提供参考依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法在内蒙古12盟市抽取学生作为研究对象,依据《全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预》方案中有关网络成瘾条目判定网络成瘾。应用logistic回归方法,分析网络成瘾与行为因素关系。结果 2019—2021年内蒙古11～22岁学生网络成瘾流行率分别为1.92%、2.50%、2.21%;logistic回归分析结果显示：职业高中（OR=1.347,95%CI:1.083～1.675）、单亲家庭（OR=1.279,95%CI:1.090～1.500）、重组家庭（OR=1.326,95%CI:1.041～1.690）、遭受欺凌（OR=1.755,95%CI:1.443～2.135）、抑郁（OR=3.557,95%CI:3.146～4.021）、打架（OR=3.374,95%CI:2.512～4.531）、喝含糖饮料（OR=2.182,95%CI:1.753～2.716）、吃油炸食物（OR=2.398,95...     

上海市青少年网络成瘾与家庭功能、生活事件的关系

目的了解上海地区初中生网络成瘾的现状,探讨青少年网络成瘾与家庭功能、生活事件的关系,为预防和干预青少年网络成瘾提供参考。方法采用网络成瘾量表、青少年生活事件量表、家庭功能评定量表,通过分层二阶段抽样对3021名上海市初中生进行横断面调查。结果 529名初中生(17.51%)存在网络成瘾。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,七年级(OR=1.532,95%CI:1.038～2.261)、八年级(OR=2.560,95%CI:1.789～3.665)、九年级(OR=2.303,95%CI:1.587～3.342)、城区居住地(OR=1.486,95%CI:1.171～1.887)、父母有不良嗜好(OR=1.441,95%CI:1.035～2.007)、父母下班上网(OR=1.331,95%CI:1.046～1.695)、父母干预上网(OR=1.407,95%CI:1.051～1.884)、家庭功能不良(OR=1.054,95%CI:1.030～1.078)、人际关系紧张(OR=1.044,95%CI:1.003～1.088)、学习压力大(OR=1.089,95%CI:1.042～1.138)、受惩罚(OR=0.890,95%CI:0.851～0.930)以及其他因素(OR=1.391,95%CI:1.299～1.489)是青少年网络成瘾的影响因素。结论青少年网络成瘾与家庭功能、生活事件有关,未来应从改善家庭功能和协助青少年积极应对生活事件的综合角度进行指导和干预。     

我国中学生网络成瘾影响因素Meta分析

目的：系统分析我国中学生网络成瘾的影响因素,为预防中学生网络成瘾提供参考依据。方法：检索中国知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Embase、Medline、Cochrane Library、Web of science等中英文数据库建库至2022年7月10日发表的我国中学生网络成瘾影响因素的横断面研究文献,采用Stata 16.0软件进行Meta分析。结果：共检索文献1 308篇,最终纳入分析32篇,样本量约14万人,收集中学生网络成瘾影响因素26个。Meta分析结果显示：有自杀意念（合并OR=1.782,95%CI:1.277～2.286）、感到孤独（合并OR=1.588,95%CI:1.262～1.915）、饮酒（合并OR=1.558,95%CI:1.428～1.698）等17个因素是中学生网络成瘾的危险因素,女生（合并OR=0.516,95%CI:0.401～0.630）、家庭结构（合并OR=0.604,95%CI:0.277～0.930）、学习成绩较好（合并OR=0.727,95%CI:0.627～0.827）等4个因素是中学生网络成瘾的保护因素。结论：我国中学生网络成瘾与有自杀...     

中国青少年不良饮食行为及影响因素分析

目的 了解我国青少年不良饮食行为情况和影响因素,为采取针对性的营养干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用中国教育追踪调查2014—2015学年的追踪数据共10 750名八年级学生进行分析。数据分析组间比较选择χ2 检验,不良饮食行为的影响因素分析采用多元logistic回归模型。结果 青少年经常或总是饮用含糖/碳酸饮料的报告率为21.36%,而经常或总是食用油炸/烧烤食品的报告率为14.60%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,青少年含糖/碳酸饮料消费行为的危险因素包括家庭经济情况（富裕:OR = 1.538,95%CI: 1.258～1.882,P＜0.001）、父亲经常醉酒（OR = 1.530,95%CI: 1.308～1.789,P＜0.001）、母亲的受教育水平（初中或高中:OR = 1.237,95%CI: 1.076～1.422,P＜0.01）、父亲的受教育水平（初中或高中:OR = 1.189,95%CI: 1.011～1.397,P＜0.05）、与朋友外出运动、看电影（一年或半年一次:OR = 1.146,95%CI: 1.016～1.294,P＜0.05; 每月或每周一次:OR = 1.786,95%CI: 1.562～2.043,P＜0.001;每周一次以上:OR = 2.327,95%CI: 1.791～3.024,P＜0.001）;保护因素包括女性（OR = 0.746,95%CI: 0.672～0.829,P＜0.001）、与父母吃晚饭（一年或半年一次:OR = 0.601,95%CI: 0.412～0.878,P＜0.01;每周一次以上:OR = 0.696,95%CI: 0.495～0.979,P＜0.05）、自评整体健康情况（一般:OR = 0.783,95%CI: 0.641～0.956,P＜0.05;比较好/很好:OR = 0.652,95%CI: 0.539～0.790,P＜0.001）。青少年油炸/烧烤食品消费行为的危险因素包括女性（OR = 1.187,95%CI: 1.054～1.335,P＜0.01）、家庭经济情况（富裕:OR = 1.377,95%CI: 1.093～1.735,P＜0.01）、父亲经常醉酒（OR = 1.684,95%CI: 1.417～2.001,P＜0.001）、与朋友外出运动、看电影（每月或每周一次:OR = 1.706, 95%CI: 1.454～2.001, P＜0.001;每周一次以上:OR = 2.783,95%CI: 2.126～3.644,P＜0.001）;保护因素包括与父母吃晚饭（每周一次以上:OR = 0.673,95%CI: 0.461～0.981,P＜0.05）、自评整体健康情况（一般:OR = 0.788,95%CI: 0.634～0.980,P＜0.05,比较好/很好:OR = 0.579,95%CI: 0.469～0.714,P＜0.001）。结论 青少年不良饮食行为不仅受到个体因素影响,还与一系列家庭或社会因素密切相关。家庭、学校以及青少年本人应该多方合作,实施综合干预,提高青少年健康素养并促进其养成健康饮食习惯。     

疫情常态化防控时期湖北省青少年心理健康现状及其影响因素研究

目的 探讨疫情常态化防控时期青少年心理健康现状,并探究相关影响因素,为疫后青少年心理建设提供科学依据。方法 整群抽样抽取湖北省4个城市的16所初高中学校共8 042名青少年,于2021年2月进行线上问卷调查。分别使用广泛性焦虑量表、流调中心抑郁量表和网络成瘾诊断问卷评估青少年焦虑、抑郁和网络成瘾,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析人口学信息及家庭因素对疫情常态化防控时期青少年心理健康的影响。结果 湖北省青少年焦虑症状、抑郁症状和网络成瘾检出率分别为33.9%,21.3%和14.9%。性别为女(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.20～1.46)、亲子关系不融洽(OR=2.26～7.47)为焦虑症状的危险因素;性别为女(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.24～1.56)、亲子关系不融洽(OR=2.25～13.34)是抑郁症状的危险因素,母亲受教育程度为本科及以上(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.49～0.85)、家庭月收入高(OR=0.64,95%CI:0.42～0.98)为抑郁症状的保护因素;亲子关系不融洽为网络成瘾(OR=2.02～5.99)的危险因素,性别为女(OR=0.82,95...     

高职院校医学生手机成瘾现状及影响因素分析

目的 探讨高职院校医学生手机成瘾现状及其影响因素,为预防和控制手机成瘾危害提供参考。方法 2021年9—10月,采用横断面调查研究方法,对陕西省西安市某高职院校2 813名医学生的一般情况和手机成瘾情况进行问卷调查,采用多因素二分类logistic回归分析模型筛选其影响因素。结果 高职医学生手机成瘾总分为（37.06±11.09）分,手机成瘾检出率为18.7%,专业为护理和助产、大二年级、已戒烟或当前吸烟、荤菜为主、使用手机时间≥6 h/d及手机充电频率（2次/天）和（≥3次/天）是手机成瘾的危险因素;相对于荤素均衡,蔬菜为主手机成瘾风险降低22%(OR=0.775,95%CI:0.615～0.976);与每月锻炼1次及以下相比,每周锻炼1～3和4～7次手机成瘾风险降低40%(OR=0.595,95%CI:0.468～0.755)和31%(OR=0.693,95%CI:0.533～0.899);与睡眠质量较差相比,睡眠质量较好手机成瘾风险降低51%(OR=0.486,95%CI:0.354～0.668)。结论 高职院校医学生手机成瘾率处于相对偏低水平,影响因素复杂。应从学校和个人角度出...     

沙坪坝区初中学生网络成瘾及影响因素分析

目的分析重庆市沙坪坝区初中学生网络成瘾情况及其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,于2018年12月—2019年1月抽取重庆市沙坪坝区4所中学在校初中学生为调查对象,采用自行设计的调查问卷对学生网络成瘾情况、家庭情况等进行调查,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析网络成瘾的影响因素。结果发放问卷2 922份,回收有效问卷2 825份,回收有效率为96.68%。网络成瘾268人,网络成瘾率为9.49%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高年级学生(初二,OR=1.764,95%CI:1.284～2.438;初三,OR=1.822,95%CI:1.301～2.561)、住校(OR=1.550,95%CI:1.170～2.042)、专制型家庭教育方式(OR=2.180,95%CI:1.624～2.914)、忽视型家庭教育方式(OR=3.974,95%CI:2.308～6.619)、平均每天看电视时间≥2 h (OR=1.880,95%CI:1.432～2.458)和家长不限制学生看电子屏时间(OR=1.952,95%CI:1.498～2.539)是初中学生网络成瘾的危险因素。结论沙坪坝区初中学生网络成瘾率为9.49%,年级、住宿类型、家庭教育方式、平均每天看电视时间和家长是否限制学生看电子屏时间是网络成瘾的影响因素。     

贫困地区青少年网络成瘾现状调查及相关因素分析

目的 探讨贫困地区青少年网络成瘾(简称网瘾)现状及影响因素，为制定针对该特定人群网瘾的干预策略提供流行病学依据。方法 2022年4月20日—5月10日，采用横断面调查方式对毕节市威宁县9～18岁青少年在校学生进行一般人口学资料及网络成瘾相关调查，应用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)评估抑郁、焦虑，分析相关影响因素。结果 共有23 180名中小学生完成调查，2 394(10.3%)名青少年有网瘾，男性(OR=1.243,95%CI:1.139～1.355)、中学(OR=1.911,95%CI:1.731～2.110)、留守(OR=1.380,95%CI:1.249～1.525)、就读重点学校(OR=1.375,95%CI:1.225～1.544)及就读重点班(OR=1.184,95%CI:1.048～1.338)是青少年在读学生出现网瘾的独立危险因素，而学习成绩良好(OR=0.635,95%CI:0.564～0.715)及良好的社会关系(家庭关系OR=0.620、同学关系OR=0.701)是青少年在读学生出现网瘾的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。共有8 2...     

天津市青少年学生网络成瘾的影响因素分析

目的了解天津市青少年学生网络成瘾的影响因素,提出干预对策,为戒除网络成瘾提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对天津市市区9所学校学生进行问卷调查,并运用SPSS11.5进行分析。结果Logistic回归结果显示,父母关系和睦（OR=0.433）、学习成绩好（OR=0.645）、参加体育活动（OR=0.705）是青少年形成网络成瘾症（IAD）的保护因素,而家庭成员遭受意外（OR=1.735）是青少年形成IAD的危险因素;家庭经济条件好（OR=0.793）、父母关系和睦（OR=0.778）、学习成绩好（OR=0.787）、参加体育活动（OR=0.750）是青少年形成网络成瘾倾向（IAT）的保护因素,而享有资助（OR=1.404）、家庭成员遭受意外（OR=1.244）是青少年形成IAT的危险因素。结论家庭因素与青少年网络成瘾的形成有密切关系,学习成绩和参加体育活动也影响着青少年网络成瘾的形成。     

2016年上海市3538例经产妇二次分娩方式及影响因素研究

目的 探讨上海市经产妇二次分娩方式的选择及影响因素。方法 2016年7 - 10月份,调取上海市20家接产医院2016年1 - 6月份产次为2的孕产妇（包括本次分娩）的分娩病史,摘抄与本次研究相关的病史资料作为调查数据并进行分析。结果 上海市经产妇二次分娩时剖宫产率为47.60%,其剖宫产指征主要为疤痕子宫（74.28%）;既往剖宫产者二次分娩剖宫产率高于既往阴道分娩者（OR = 122.315,95%CI: 91.705～163.142）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;大专及以上学历者二次分娩时剖宫产率高于初中及以下学历者（OR = 0.545,95%CI:0.315～0.945）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;随着年龄（OR = 0.385,95%CI: 0.227～0.651;OR = 0.627,95%CI: 0.489～0.804）、流产次数（OR = 0.493,95%CI: 0.328～0.739;OR = 0.648,95%CI: 0.438～0.960）的增加,二次分娩时剖宫产率也随之升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 经统计学检验,既往剖宫产、流产次数、年龄以及文化程度与经产妇二次分娩剖宫产风险呈正相关。     

Performance, proficiency, and value of the dietetics professional: an update

The major focus of the plan is the possible professional development activities provided by the Association and used by members. Ultimately, the Plan offers the Association and members concise and doable tactics for addressing the number one member concern of compensation and benefits.All organizational units of ADA will examine opportunities for developing tools, gathering data, and exploring tactics to build on current programs that will close the gap between performance, proficiency, and value for the profession. Likewise, members are encouraged to use ADA resources, such as the PPV Plan’s tactics to build their professional development plans. Members should also consider investigating outside services or employer resources that compliment the opportunities that ADA offers.The following Professional Development Sessions are planned for the 2003 Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo in San Antonio (October 25–28).Saturday, October 25, 20035:00–7:00 pm—Live Up to Your Dreams: Opening Session Ross Keynote Address, Dot Richardson, MDSunday, October 26, 20038:30–10:00 am—Customer Satisfaction: Creating Demands for our Services8:30–10:00 am—ADA Forum for Students and New Professionals10:30–12:00 pm—Managing your Professional Development Portfolio1:30–3:00 pm—Adding Value Through Differences: Anyone Can Become a Leader3:30–5:00 pm—The Enterprising Dietitian: Building a Diabetes Business with RN Partners3:30–5:00 pm—Business and Communications: Career Opportunities for DietitiansMonday, October 27, 20038:00–9:30 am—Positive Attitude: The Key to Success in Nutrition and Dietetics12:30–1;30 pm—ADA’s Reality Show: Real Stories, Real Members, Real Prizes2:00–3:30 pm—Communications Seminar: How to Manage your Mouth4:00–5:30 pm—You can Have it all: Leadership and Life BalanceTuesday, October 28, 20038:00–9:30 am—Gain-Gain: A New Look at Salary Negotiation10:00 am–11:00 am—Negotiation Skills for Young Professionals10:00–11:00 am—Member Forum: How to Get Involved, ADA Needs You     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: H. Goldstein: Social Learning and Change. A Cognitive Approach to Human Services (Tavistock, London 1981/1985 [paper] and H. Goldstein, H. Hilbert and J. Hilbert (eds.): Creative Change. A Cognitive-Humanistic Approach to Social Work Practice E.M. Goldberg, J. Gibbons, L. Sinclair: Problems, Tasks and Outcomes — The Evaluation of Task-Centred Casework in Three Settings Alan Walker: Social Planning. A strategy for Socialist Welfare Ann Brechin and Penny Liddiard: Look at it this way: New perspectives in rehabilitation S. Ayer and A. Alaszowski: Community Care and the Mentally Handicapped Robin Means and Randall Smith: The Development of Welfare Services for Elderly People H.S. Sudak, A.B. Ford and N.B. Rushforth (eds.) Suicide in the Young Boston Women's Health Book Collective: The New Our Bodies Ourselves Jeannette Mitchell: What is to be done about Illness and Health? Erica Bates and Helen Lapsley: The Health Machine: The Impact of Medical Technology G. Henderson and M. Cohen: The Chinese Hospital — A Socialist Work Unit Mark Harwell: Nuclear Winter: The Human and Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War Owen Green, Ian Percival and Irene Ridge: Nuclear Winter: the Evidence and Risks Steven Rose, Leon J. Kamin and R.C. Lewontin: Not in our Genes: Biology, Ideology and Human Nature P.F. Ricci, L.A. Sagan and C.G. Whipple (eds): Technological Risk Assessment J. Cavanagh, F. Clairmonte: Alcoholic beverages: Dimensions of corporate power. Alex Paton (ed.): Handbook on Alcoholism for Health Professionals Marcus Grant: Same Again: A Guide to Safer Drinking B. MacMahon and T. Sugimura (eds.): Coffee and Health. P. Ebbesen, M. Melbye and R.J. Biggar (eds.): AIDS. A Basic Guide for Clinicians Bert Spilker: Guide to Clinical Studies and Developing Protocols P. Leudtke and R. Leudtke: Computers for Medical Offices Tyckoson, David: AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).     

Hepatitis C virus infection in injection drug users in Bavaria: risk factors for seropositivity

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is the most common disease among intravenous drug users (IDUs). Patients and method: All patients admitted to the detoxification unit 1991–1997 and meeting ICD-10 diagnosis of opioid dependency were tested for anti-HCV serology. Results: Thousand and forty nine patients were included in the study. About 61.3% of the IDUs were anti-HCV positive. Increasing age (PR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.34–1.60), living with a significant other drug user (PR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.05–1.31), history of therapy (PR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.50–1.74), history of imprisonment (PR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36–1.61), history of emergency treatment (PR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.12–1.35), additional daily consumption of benzodiazepines (PR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00–2.21) or alcohol (PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14–1.38), frequency of injecting heroin (daily: PR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78–0.96; previously: PR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03–1.26) and type of opioid dependency (methadone: PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13–1.41) were significant factors, considered as individual factors, for positive anti-HCV serology. Using multiple logistic regression we found that older age (OR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.30–9.67), longer duration of opioid use (OR: 5.74; 95% CI: 1.82–18.13), living with a significant other drug user (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.01–2.16), history of therapy (OR: 4.87; 95% CI: 1.67–14.20), history of imprisonment (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.12–3.28), history of emergency treatment (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.06–1.99) and additional daily consumption of alcohol (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04–2.13) remained independently associated with positive anti-HCV serology. Conclusions: These data support the need for early prevention strategies, namely, education of teachers in schools and further training of counsellors informing IDUs of what they can do to minimise the risk of becoming infected or of transmitting infectious agents to others.     

Artificial oocyte activation: physiological,pathophysiological and ethical aspects

Infertile couples with low oocyte yield in combination with abnormal semen parameters may experience intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) failure. An established factor associated with ICSI failure is oocyte activation deficiency (AOD). The latter originates from seminal contributors, such as phospholipase C-zeta (PLCζ) that is not adequate to produce calcium (Ca²⁺) oscillations for oocyte activation. Apart from this natural activator, other stimulants, such as A23187, ionomycin, strontium chloride or even electric pulses, have been used in embryological laboratories to overcome AOD and ICSI failure. The aim of the present narrative review is to discuss the role of Ca⁺² oscillations in oocyte activation and summarize the evidence concerning the use of oocyte activators as agents for artificial oocyte activation (AOA). Studies in humans and animals have emerged many physiological, pathophysiological and ethical aspects of AOA. In conclusion, in mammalian eggs, the cytosolic Ca⁺² oscillations derive from a periodic release of Ca⁺² from intracellular pools. PLCζ, as well as artificial stimulants, have been used to produce Ca⁺² oscillations for AOA. As the latter may increase the risk of epigenetic induced malformations, further studies are required to clarify whether AOA constitutes an effective and safe method to overcome ICSI failure.

Abbreviations: AOA: artificial oocyte activation; AOD: oocyte activation deficiency; Ca⁺²: Calcium; CAMKII: Ca⁺²/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; CICR: calcium-induced calcium-release; DAG: diacylglycerol; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; ICSI: intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection; InsP₃R: inositol-trisphosphate receptor; IP₃: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; IVF: in vitro fertilization; MAP: mitogen-activated protein; MII: metaphase II; NADP: nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NO: nitric oxide; PAWP: post-acrosomal WW-binding domain protein; PIP₂: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PLC: phospholipase C; PLCζ: phospholipase C-zeta; SOAFs: spermatozoon-released oocyte-activating factors; Sr⁺²: strontium; TFF: total fertilization failure     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Paul J Feldstein: The Politics of Health Legislation: An Economic Perspective John L. Palmer, Timothy Smeeding and Barbara Boyle Torrey (eds.): The Vulnerable J.R.G. Butler and D.P. Doessel (eds.): Health Economics: Australian Readings Research Unit in Health and Behavioural Change: Changing the Public Health Richard Winett, Abby King, and David Altman: Health Psychology & Public Health: An Integrative Approach Milton Lewis: Managing Madness - Psychiatry and Society in Australia 1788–1980 Robert H. Blank: Life, Death, and Public Policy Diane Wiesner: Alternative Medicine. A Guide for Patients and Health Professionals in Australia. Stuart F. Spicker, Ilai Alon, Andre de Vries and H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. (eds.): The Use of Human Beings in Research John M. Freeman & Kevin McDonnell: Tough Decisions: A Casebook in Medical Ethics Neil Thomson and Patricia Merrifield: Aboriginal Health: an annotated bibliography. Nick Heather and Ian Robertson: Problem Drinking: The New Approach Tim Stockwell and Sue Clement: Helping the Problem Drinker: New Initiatives in Community Care Elizabeth Prior Jonson: AIDS: Myths, Facts and Ethics Confronting AIDS: Update 1988 by the Institute of Medicine and the National Academy of Science. McCunney RJ (ed): Handbook of Occupational Medicine D. Christie: A Guide to Occupational Epidemiology. J.A. Baldwin et al. (eds): Textbook of Medical Record Linkage. G.W. Trinca, I.R. Johnston, B.J. Campbell, F.A. Haight, P.R. Knight, G.M. Mackay, A.J. McLean and E. Petrucelli. Reducing Traffic Injury - A global Challenge.     

Cleavage-stage embryo micromanipulation in the clinical setting

Embryo micromanipulation was developed after introduction of microinjection to overcome infertility. Embryo micromanipulation may be performed at any embryo stage from pronuclear to blastocyst. The technique started out as basic and turned out to be increasingly more complex. Embryo micromanipulation at the cleavage-stage includes a wide range of techniques, from opening the zona pellucida in order to improve the chance of implantation, to removing detrimental components from the embryo to enhance embryo development or blastomeres for preimplantation genetic diagnosis and embryo splitting. Evaluating the impact(s) of different micromanipulation techniques on epigenetics of the embryo and considering quality control during these techniques are important issues in this regard. This review aims to discuss the micromanipulation of cleavage-stage embryos in clinical assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Abbreviations: ART: assisted reproductive technology; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF: in vitro fertilization; PGD: preimplantation genetic diagnosis; PZD: partial zona dissection; ZP: zona pellucida; SUZI: subzonal insemination; PVS: perivitelline space; AH: assisted hatching; LAH: laserassisted hatching; ZT: zona thinning; UV: ultraviolet; IR: infrared; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; FISH: fluorescent in situ hybridization; NGS: next generation sequencing; QC: quality control; QA: quality assurance     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Helmut Althoff: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Paul Ahmed (ed.): Living and Dying with Cancer F.C. Rose and M. Gawel: Migraine: The Facts R.B. Scott: Cancer: The Facts D. Barlow: Sexually Transmitted Diseases: The Facts D.W. Goodwin: Alcoholism: The Facts The Royal College of Psychiatrists: Alcohol and Alcoholism L.R. Walton, J.E. Walton, J.A. Scharffenberg: How you can five six extra years S. Areti: Understanding and helping the schizophrenic Neville Drury: The Healing Power — A Handbook of Alternative Medicine and Natural Health in Australia and New Zealand. Andrew Stanway: Alternative Medicine — A Guide to Natural Therapy. N.D. Darby, S. Glaser, I.F. Wilkinson: Health Care and Lifestyle — a Study of Self-Medication in Australia L. Eisenberg, and A. Kleinman (eds.): The Relevance of Social Science for Medicine A.E. Miller and E.G. Miller: Options for Health and Health Care Harold S. Luft: Health Maintenance Organizations K. Stanley, J. Stjernsward, M. Isley: The Conduct of a Cooperative Clinical Trial. J.R.J. Richardson and J.S. Deeble: Statistics of Private Medical Services in Australia, 1976. Avedis Donabedian: The Definition of Quality and Approaches to its Asessment Ann Cartwright and Robert Anderson: General Practice Revisited: A Second Study of Patients and their Doctors. L.E. Burton, H.H. Smith, A.W. Nichols: Public Health and Community Medicine. Torben Bendix and H.J. Wright: The Anxious Patient. Alwyn Smith (ed.): Recent Advances in Community Medicine 2 B.B. Taylor, J.M. Neale and B.C. Allan: Accommodation Change in Old Age C.J. Cooper and J. Marshall (eds.): White Collar and Professional Stress Judi Marshall and Cary L. Cooper (eds): Coping with Stress at Work Robin McKinley: The Care of Children in New Zealand Hospitals Frank Ainsworth and Leon C. Fulcher (eds): Group Care for Children: Concept and Issues. M.L. Wahlqvist (ed.): Food and Nutrition in Australia The Committee for the compilation of materials on damage caused by the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Hiroshima and Nagasaki — the Physical, Medical and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings Gio Wiederhold: Databases for Health Care in D.A.B. Lindberg and P.L. Reichertz (eds.): Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics. A.L. Caplan et. al. (eds.): Concepts of Health and Disease