中国人群睡眠时间与癌症发病风险关系meta分析

目的探讨中国人群睡眠时间与癌症发病风险的关系,为癌症的预防控制提供科学依据。方法检索万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网数据库、维普数据库、PubMed数据库、Embase数据库和Web of Sciences数据库,并辅以文献追溯法收集各数据库建库至2018年9月30日国内外公开发表的有关中国人群睡眠时间与癌症发病风险关系的相关文献;应用Stata 12.0软件对纳入的文献进行meta分析。结果最终纳入7篇文献(中文文献3篇,英文文献4篇),累计癌症病例3 104例。meta分析结果显示,与参照组相比,未发现睡眠时间过短组和过长组与癌症发病有关(均P 0.05);亚组分析结果显示,仅发现病例对照研究中睡眠时间过长可增加中国人群的癌症发病风险(OR=1.31,95%CI=1.11～1.55,P 0.01);敏感性分析和发表偏倚检验结果显示,本次meta分析纳入的文献不存在发表偏倚,结果较为稳定。结论基于病例对照研究证据,睡眠时间过长会增加中国人群癌症的发病风险。     

2014年中国分地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析

  目的  探讨中国人群睡眠时间与癌症发病风险的关系,为癌症的预防控制提供科学依据。  方法  检索万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网数据库、维普数据库、PubMed数据库、Embase数据库和Web of Sciences数据库,并辅以文献追溯法收集各数据库建库至2018年9月30日国内外公开发表的有关中国人群睡眠时间与癌症发病风险关系的相关文献;应用Stata 12.0软件对纳入的文献进行meta分析。  结果  最终纳入7篇文献（中文文献3篇,英文文献4篇）,累计癌症病例3 104例。meta分析结果显示,与参照组相比,未发现睡眠时间过短组和过长组与癌症发病有关（均P > 0.05）;亚组分析结果显示,仅发现病例对照研究中睡眠时间过长可增加中国人群的癌症发病风险（OR = 1.31,95 % CI = 1.11～1.55,P < 0.01）;敏感性分析和发表偏倚检验结果显示,本次meta分析纳入的文献不存在发表偏倚,结果较为稳定。  结论  基于病例对照研究证据,睡眠时间过长会增加中国人群癌症的发病风险。     

中国人群进食快对食管癌发病影响meta分析

目的探讨中国人群进食快对食管癌发病的影响,为食管癌的预防提供科学依据。方法检索中国知网数据库、万方数据库、Pub Med数据库和Web of Science数据库,并辅以手工检索和文献追溯法收集1980年1月—2017年2月公开发表的有关进食快与食管癌关系的相关文献;应用Stata 11.0软件对纳入的文献进行meta分析。结果最终纳入26篇文献(中文文献22篇,英文文献4篇),均为病例对照研究,累计病例组8 418例,对照组11 710例;Meta分析结果显示,中国人群进食快者食管癌的发病风险为非进食快者的2.518倍(OR=2.518,95%CI=2.024~3.131);亚组分析结果显示,在不同地区、不同对照来源、不同发表年份、不同文献来源中进食快者食管癌发病风险均高于非进食快者(均P0.01);敏感性分析和发表偏倚检验结果显示,本次meta分析纳入的文献不存在发表偏倚,结果较为稳定。结论进食快会增加中国人群中食管癌的发病风险。     

中国人群烫食与食管癌发病风险的meta分析

目的 探讨中国人群烫食与食管癌发病风险的关系,为预防食管癌提供证据支持。方法 检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方等数据库,并辅以文献追溯,收集2000年1月1日到2022年2月8日发表的相关文献。应用Stata 16.0软件进行meta分析。结果 最终纳入文献18篇,均为病例对照研究。Meta分析表明,中国人群食用烫食者食管癌的发病风险是非食用烫食者的2.43倍（95%CI:2.07～2.86）;亚组分析表明,各亚组食用烫食者的食管癌发病风险均高于非食用烫食者（均P<0.01）;敏感性分析表明,不存在对研究结果有明显影响的文献,meta分析结果较稳定;发表偏倚检验结果显示纳入的文献不存在发表偏倚。结论 食用烫食会增加食管癌的发病风险。     

老年人焦虑与跌倒风险的Meta分析

目的系统评价老年人焦虑与跌倒风险的相关性。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Psyc INFO、中国知网(CNKI)、万方(Wangfang)、维普(VIP)数据库,检索时间均为建库至2021年2月10日。两名研究者根据纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献,并且进行数据提取和质量评价,采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果最终纳入13项队列研究,共计13 118名患者。文献质量评价均处于中高水平。meta分析结果显示:老年人焦虑与跌倒风险呈正相关性(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.28～1.79,P0.001)。亚组分析显示:不同研究设计类型[前瞻性队列研究(OR=1.48)、回顾性队列研究(OR=1.62)]、地区或国家[澳大利亚(OR=2.13)、欧洲(OR=1.99)、亚洲(OR=1.39)]、研究环境[社区环境(OR=1.57)]、样本量[≤500(OR=1.47)、500(OR=1.53)]中老年人焦虑与跌倒风险均呈正相关性。结论焦虑增加老年人跌倒的风险,可在老年人的常规护理中开展焦虑水平检测,以有效减少老年人跌倒风险。     

饮茶与结直肠癌发病风险关系meta分析

目的探讨饮茶与结直肠癌发病风险的关系,为结直肠癌的预防控制提供科学依据。方法检索中国知网数据库、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库、PubMed数据库、Web of Science数据库、Springer Link数据库,并辅以文献追溯法收集各数据库建库至2019年4月1日国内外公开发表的有关饮茶与结直肠癌发病风险的相关文献;应用Stata 12.0软件对纳入的文献进行meta分析。结果最终纳入15篇文献(中文文献5篇,英文文献10篇),均为病例对照研究,累计病例组10 251例,对照组12 865例。meta分析结果显示,饮茶量最高组人群结直肠癌的发病风险为饮茶量最低组人群的0.78倍(OR=0.78,95%CI=0.68～0.90),饮绿茶量最高组人群结直肠癌的发病风险为饮绿茶量最低组人群的0.66倍(OR=0.66,95%CI=0.56～0.79),饮红茶与结直肠癌发病风险无关(OR=0.74,95%CI=0.38～1.45);亚组分析结果显示,亚洲地区、病例来源于人群和医院、中文文献和肿瘤部位在结直肠亚组中饮茶均可降低结直肠癌的发病风险(均P <0.05),研究地区可能是异...     

失眠与老年性痴呆相关性的Meta分析

目的系统评价失眠与老年性痴呆的关系。方法检索中国知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、Medline、CINAHL PLUS等中英文数据库,筛选失眠与老年性痴呆相关性的队列研究,时限均从建库至2021年1月10日。对最终纳入的文献进行数据提取与质量评价,并通过Stata 14.0软件进行meta分析。结果本研究最终纳入10篇文献,共含236 552例样本。纳入文献质量均处于中高水平。meta分析结果显示:失眠与老年性痴呆有相关性(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.14～1.50,P0.001)。亚组分析显示:不同研究地区或国家[欧洲(OR=1.39)、美国(OR=1.12)、中国(OR=2.34)]、失眠评估工具[问卷调查(OR=1.16)、ICD-9(OR=1.54)]、痴呆诊断工具[临床诊断(OR=1.30)、ICD-9(OR=1.54)]下,失眠与老年性痴呆具有相关性。结论失眠与老年性痴呆的发生具有相关性,失眠是老年性痴呆的危险因素。     

大气颗粒物与成人哮喘发作风险的meta分析

目的评价大气颗粒物对成人哮喘发作的影响。方法计算机检索中国知网、维普、万方、PUBMED和EMBASE等数据库,同时手工检索相关参考文献,依据既定的纳入及排除标准筛选文献,采用Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)文献质量评价量表和美国卫生保健质量和研究机构(Agency for Health Care Research and Quality,AHRQ)制定的标准进行文献质量评价,对最终符合标准的文献采用Revman 5.3和Stata 12.0软件进行meta分析。结果最终纳入15篇文献,研究对象共21 316 423例。meta分析结果显示,8篇文献以哮喘发作或就诊危险度为效应指标,研究合并结果 OR值为1.07(95%CI:1.03～1.10,Z=3.61,P0.01);4篇文献以哮喘发作或就诊增加率为效应指标,研究合并结果 RD值为0.09 (95%CI:0.03～0.15,Z=2.79,P0.01);4篇文献以哮喘发作或就诊与大气颗粒物浓度的相关系数为结局指标,均显示哮喘发作或就诊人数与大气颗粒物的浓度呈正相关。结论大气颗粒物可能增加成人哮喘的发作或就诊风险,且发作或就诊与大气颗粒物浓度呈正相关。     

血清中miR-21对乳腺癌诊断价值的meta分析

目的通过meta分析系统评价血液中miR-21对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法检索国内外多个数据库,收集2008年1月—2018年7月公开发表的关于miR-21用于乳腺癌诊断的研究数据,按照纳入标准筛选文献、提取资料和质量评价,采用metadisc 1.4对纳入研究进行meta分析。结果共纳入8篇文献,累计502例乳腺癌患者和272例对照。Meta分析结果显示,合并敏感度为0.78(95%CI:0.74～0.81),特异度为0.86(95%CI:0.81～0.90);阳性似然比(PLR值)为4.72(95%CI:3.51～6.34),阴性似然比(NLR值)为0.26(95%CI:0.18～0.38),诊断比值比(DOR值)为19.09(95%CI:10.09～36.09)。亚组分析显示,亚洲人群对照亚组的诊断准确性优于非亚洲人群对照亚组[曲线下面积(AUC):0.894 vs 0.877,P0.05]。敏感性分析显示meta分析结果并未过分依赖于某个研究,其结论稳定。结论 miR-21用于乳腺癌诊断具有一定的价值。     

环境双酚A暴露与人群糖尿病关系的meta分析

目的探讨环境双酚A(BPA)暴露与人群糖尿病的关系。方法以计算机检索中外期刊数据库[包括中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台全文数据库、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)、Pub Med、EBSCO、Elsevier Science direct、Medical Evidence Matters Archive],收集各数据库从建库至2016年4月有关BPA暴露对糖尿病患病影响公开发表的文献。按照文献纳入排除标准筛选文献后进行meta分析。结果最终纳入9篇文献共10个研究。meta分析结果显示整体合并效应值OR为1.32(95%CI:1.15~1.52,P0.01);2型糖尿病、妊娠期糖尿病以及不区分糖尿病类型三组研究进行亚组分析,各自合并OR值分别为1.19(95%CI:0.99~1.42)、0.70(95%CI:0.27~1.79)以及1.80(95%CI:1.39~2.34),结合漏斗图和Egger回归分析(P=0.691)发现纳入文献不存在发表偏倚。结论较高BPA暴露可增加整体糖尿病的患病风险,但对不同类型糖尿病作用可能存在差异。     

Interventions to improve the oral health of people with dementia or cognitive impairment: A review of the literature

Objective

Oral diseases and conditions are prevalent among older people with dementia and cognitive impairment. While many interventions have been advocated for use in this population, evidence for their effectiveness is unclear. Our objective was to review systematically the content and effectiveness of interventions and implementation strategies used to improve or maintain the oral health of people with dementia or cognitive impairment.

Methods

Original studies published in English at any time until January 2015 were identified through electronic searches of the Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane databases and hand searches of eligible studies and relevant reviews. Two investigators independently abstracted study characteristics and assessed the methodological quality of eligible studies. Results were presented as a narrative review because significant heterogeneity among included studies precluded a meta-analysis.

Results

The 18 included studies varied considerably in terms of size, scope and focus. Only two studies were identified that had been designed specifically for and examined exclusively in people with dementia or cognitive impairment. All studies were in residential care; none was population-based. While several studies reported positive effects, a number of methodological weaknesses were identified and the overall quality of included studies was poor. The specific outcomes targeted varied across studies but most studies focused almost exclusively on proximal clinical oral health outcomes such as levels of dental or denture plaque. Attempts to measure intervention integrity were limited and there was usually little or no effort to evaluate intervention effects over a sustained period.

Conclusion

There is a lack of high quality evidence to support the effectiveness of oral health interventions and implementation strategies for older people with dementia or cognitive impairment. More rigorous, large scale research is needed in this area. Recommendations are provided to improve the overall quality of evaluation in this area. Emphasis must be placed on developing evidence-based, achievable and sustainable oral health strategies if the needs of people with dementia and cognitive impairment are to be met into the future.

     

骨质疏松与认知障碍关系的Meta分析

目的 系统评价骨质疏松与认知障碍的关系,为认知障碍患者的预防提供循证支持。方法 计算机全面检索Embase,Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,知网,中国生物医学文献数据库,万方,维普等数据库中关于认知障碍与骨质疏松关系的队列研究及病例-对照研究,时限均自建库至2021年4月23日。所得数据采用RevMan 5.3结合Stata 15.1软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入7篇文献,共77417个患者。纳入文献均为中高等质量水平。Meta分析结果显示:与对照组相比,骨质疏松组认知障碍的发病率更高（OR=1.97,95% CI:1.37～2.82,P<0.001）。同时,亚组分析结果显示,不同性别［男性（OR=1.68,95% CI:1.22～2.32,P=0.001）、女性（OR=1.76,95% CI:1.28～2.42,P<0.001）］、年龄［老年（OR=1.77,95% CI:1.26～2.50,P=0.001）、中年（OR=2.38,95% CI:1.43～3.97,P=0.001）］、测量部位［腰椎（OR=2.18,95% CI:1.49～3.20,P<0.001）、股骨颈（OR=2.41,95% CI:1.23～4.73,P=0.010）］、认知障碍严重程度［痴呆（OR=2.22,95% CI:1.63～3.03,P<0.001）］、国家［亚洲（OR=2.31,95% CI:1.61～3.30,P<0.001）］下,认知障碍与骨质疏松症呈正关联。结论 骨质疏松与认知障碍的风险增加有关。     

贫血对高龄女性认知功能的影响

目的 分析我国长寿地区90岁以上老年女性贫血对其认知功能的影响。方法 利用2008—2009年中国老年人口健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)项目研究数据,包括5个长寿地区的90岁以上老年女性383名。使用简易精神状况检查法(MMSE)量表收集研究对象认知功能信息,进行医学体格检查,测定血红蛋白等血生化指标。分析贫血组和非贫血组老人认知功能的差异,采用非条件logistic回归分析贫血对老年女性认知功能的影响。结果 在383名研究对象中,贫血组141例,非贫血组242名;贫血组认知功能评分为(9.65 ±9.32)分,非贫血组为(13.06±10.25)分(x2=5.59,P＜0.05);贫血组认知功能较差的比率为84.4％ (119/141),非贫血组为72.3％(175/242)(x2=8.08,P＜0.05)。多因素分析显示,在调整年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟和饮酒后,贫血组发生认知功能受损的风险约是非贫血组的2倍(OR=2.016,95％CI：1.185～3.431,P=0.010)。结论 贫血会增加我国长寿地区高龄女性认知功能受损的发生风险。     

婴幼儿及学龄前儿童热性惊厥与缺铁性贫血关联的Meta分析

目的通过对已发表的文章进行荟萃分析以明确婴幼儿及学龄前儿童发生热性惊厥与缺铁性贫血的关系。 方法利用PubMed、Web of science、MEDLINE、万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网数据库(CNKI)、维普等数据库数据库(VIP)和Cochrane图书馆数据库等中英文电子数据库，收集1990年1月至2017年9月前已发表的关于3个月至6岁婴幼儿及学龄前儿童发生热性惊厥与缺铁性贫血相关性的文章。按纳入与排除标准由2名研究者阅读全文后进行文献筛选和资料提取，采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale，NOS)进行文献质量评估。Stata SE 12.0软件对缺铁性贫血是否为热性惊厥患儿风险因素进行Meta分析，计算比值比(OR)，并依据缺铁性贫血诊断标准的不同进行亚组分析。 结果本研究共检出相关文献89篇，排除重复和不相关的搜索记录11篇、只有摘要的文章18篇，以及对全文进行排查：综述2篇、缺少数据9篇以及数据雷同2篇剔除，最终纳入符合纳入与排除标准的26篇文献进行Meta分析。分析结果表明：热性惊厥与缺铁性贫血具有相关性[OR＝2.24，95%CI(1.758，2.854)，P<0.05]。 结论缺铁性贫血是婴幼儿及学龄前儿童发生热性惊厥的风险因素之一。     

Sarcopenia Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Objectives

There is little evidence in the literature about the possible relationship between sarcopenia and cognition in older adults. Our objective was to investigate the association between cognitive impairment and sarcopenia in older adults living in the community through a systematic review of published studies.

Research Design and Methods

We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis through Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo and Web of Science databases between March 1, 2001 and December 18, 2018. We included longitudinal and cross-sectional studies that evaluated sarcopenia and cognition as a primary objective.

Results

Of the 274 studies identified by the systematic review, 10 were included in qualitative analysis (total of 9,703 participants), and 6 were eligible for the meta-analysis (n = 7,045). Mean prevalence of sarcopenia was 10.5%. Cognitive impairment was observed in 269 participants with sarcopenia (40%), compared with 1,616 in non-sarcopenic participants (25.3%). Sarcopenia was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (pooled OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.26–4.92; p = 0.008). Heterogeneity across the studies was high and significant (I² = 84%).

Discussion and Implications

Our analyzes confirmed that sarcopenic older adults presented a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. Sarcopenia may represent a risk factor for cognitive decline, but longitudinal studies are needed to explore causality.

     

中老年人认知功能与未来跌倒事件的关联研究

目的 探究中国社区中老年人认知功能与未来跌倒事件的关系。 方法 根据2013年和2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS)数据分析社区中老年人跌倒的危险因素,采用多阶段的二分类logistic回归模型探究认知功能与跌倒的关系。 结果 共纳入中老年人4095例,年龄均≥45岁,认知功能得分(11.27±3.85)分。我国社区中老年人两年内跌倒发生率为19.41%。多阶段logistic回归结果显示,控制其他因素后,在认知功能的四个维度中,记忆力降低会增加跌倒风险,而时间定向力、注意力和视觉空间能力对跌倒的影响均无统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 我国社区中老年人的跌倒发生率较高,值得关注。早期记忆力损害可作为预测中老年人跌倒的因素之一。     

我国老年人轻度认知障碍与全因死亡关联的Meta分析

目的 对老年人轻度认知障碍与全因死亡的关联进行定量评估。方法 检索PubMed、EMBASE、万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网数据库中关于老年人轻度认知障碍与全因死亡关系的相关文献,时限自建库至2021年8月1日,采用R 4.02软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入9篇队列研究文献,共计48 709例患者。纳入文献均为高质量水平。Meta分析结果显示,轻度认知障碍与全因死亡风险增加之间的关联有统计学意义,与认知正常人群相比,患有轻度认知障碍的老年人死亡风险增加39%（HR=1.39,95％CI：1.18~1.63）。结论 当前研究证据表明,轻度认知障碍是中国老年人全因死亡风险增加的独立预测指标,应加强老年人轻度认知功能障碍的早发现、早诊断和早治疗。     

咖啡摄入量与心血管死亡率关系的剂量-反应Meta分析

目的 探讨咖啡每日摄入量与心血管死亡率的关系。方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane、CBM、WanFang Data和CNKI 数据库,搜集有关咖啡摄入量与心血管疾病的相关研究,检索时限均从建库至2020年4月。由两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取文献并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 14.0进行剂量反应meta分析,并对纳入的文献进行方法学质量评价。结果 共纳入26篇队列研究,包括2 046 690例受试者。剂量-反应meta分析结果显示,咖啡摄入量每天每增加1杯心血管死亡率下降约3%（RR = 0.97,95%CI:0.96～0.98）,差异具有统计学意义,且存在一种非线性剂量反应关系（P for non - linearity:＜0.01）。与不喝咖啡的人群相比,每天喝1～8杯咖啡的人群相对死亡率分别为（RR = 0.90,95%CI:0.87～0.92）、（RR = 0.84,95%CI:0.81～0.87)、（RR = 0.82,95%CI:0.79～0.84）、（RR = 0.81,95%CI:0.78～0.84）、（RR = 0.81,95%CI:0.78～0.84）、（RR = 0.81,95%CI:0.78～0.84）、（RR = 0.82,95%CI:0.79～0.85）、（RR = 0.83,95%CI:0.80～0.87）。与不喝咖啡人群相比,meta分析结果显示喝咖啡人群的相对死亡率平均为（RR = 0.83,95%CI:0.81～0.85）,可以降低17%的死亡率,差异具有统计学意义。结论 饮用咖啡可以降低心血管死亡率,每日饮用2～4杯最佳。     

Cognitive Frailty as a Predictor of Future Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ObjectivesTo examine the association between cognitive frailty and the risk of future falls among older adults.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Setting and ParticipantsOlder people aged ≥60 years with cognitive frailty from community, hospital, or both.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Weipu Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) were searched for relevant studies published from the inception of the database until June 14, 2022. Stata 16.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis. A random effects model was used to pool the prevalence of falls in older adults over age 60 years with cognitive frailty and the strength of the association between cognitive frailty and falls [odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs]. Quality assessment, heterogeneity, and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. A study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022331323).ResultsThe review included 18 studies in qualitative synthesis, 14 of which were in meta-analysis. Eleven sets of cross-sectional data involving 23,025 participants and 5 sets of longitudinal data involving 11,924 participants were used in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the overall prevalence of falls in 1742 people with cognitive frailty was 36.3% (95% CI 27.9-44.8, I² = 93.4%). Longitudinal study results showed that cognitively frail individuals had a higher risk of falls (OR 3.02, 95% CI 2.11-4.32, I² = 0.0%, P = .406), compared to robust participants without cognitive impairment; physically frail people (alone) had a moderate risk of falls (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.42-3.30, I² = 9.7%, P = .351); cognitively impaired people (alone) had a lower risk of falls (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.79, I² = 0.0%, P = .440). Among cross-sectional studies, cognitive frailty was associated with the risk of falls (OR 2.74, 95% CI 2.20-3.40, I² = 53.1%, P = .019). Although high heterogeneity was noted among 11 cross-sectional studies reporting ORs, the sensitivity analysis showed that no single study significantly affected the final pooled results.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis systematic review and meta-analysis confirms the findings that cognitive frailty was demonstrated to be a significant predictor of future falls in older adults. However, further prospective investigations are warranted.     

Dose-Response Meta-Analysis on Tooth Loss With the Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

ObjectivesTo quantify the dose-response associations between tooth loss and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia.DesignLongitudinal studies that examined the association between tooth loss and cognitive function were systematically searched on 6 databases through March 1, 2020. The study adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Risk estimates were pooled using random-effects models. The dose-response associations were assessed using generalized least squares spline models.Setting and ParticipantsAdults from community, institution, outpatient or in-hospital were included in the meta-analysis.MeasuresCognitive impairment and dementia were defined by neuropsychological tests, diagnostic criteria, or medical records. Tooth loss was self-reported or assessed by clinical examinations.ResultsFourteen studies were entered into the meta-analysis, including 34,074 participants and 4689 cases with diminished cognitive function. Participants with more tooth loss had a 1.48 times higher risk of developing cognitive impairment [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.87] and 1.28 times higher risk of being diagnosed with dementia (95% CI 1.09–1.49); however, the association was nonsignificant for participants using dentures (relative risk = 1.10, 95% CI 0.90–1.11). Eight studies were included in the dose-response analysis, and data supported the use of linear models. Each additional tooth loss was associated with a 0.014 increased relative risk of cognitive impairment and 0.011 elevated relative risks of dementia. Edentulous participants faced a 1.54 times higher risk of cognitive impairment and a 1.40 times higher risk of being diagnosed with dementia.Conclusions and ImplicationsModerate-quality evidence suggested tooth loss was independently associated with cognitive impairment and dementia; risk of diminished cognitive function increased with incremental numbers of teeth lost. Furthermore, timely prosthodontic treatment with dentures may reduce the progression of cognitive decline related to tooth loss.