大叶冬青的三萜皂苷类成分研究

 目的 对中药苦丁茶主要品种大叶冬青叶的三萜皂苷类成分进行研究。方法 采用硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶LH-20和反相ODS柱色谱分离大叶冬青叶的水提物,通过光谱分析结合理化性质鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从大叶冬青的水提液中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为α-苦丁内酯3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅰ)、α-苦丁内酯3-O-β-D吡喃葡萄糖 (1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷 (Ⅱ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖斯阿树脂酸28-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅲ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖坡模醇酸28-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷 (Ⅳ)、β-苦丁内酯3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅴ)、β-苦丁内酯3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅵ)、γ-苦丁内酯3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅶ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖齐墩果酸28-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅷ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖斯阿树脂酸28-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅸ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖坡模醇酸28-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)- β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅹ)及δ-苦丁内酯3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→3)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→2)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅺ)。结论 化合物Ⅰ～Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ及Ⅺ为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

安徽银莲花的化学成分研究

目的 :对安徽银莲花根茎的化学成分进行分离、鉴定。方法 :大孔树脂柱、硅胶柱和ODS柱色谱分离 ,FAB MS和NMR技术确定结构。结果和结论 :分离鉴定了 3个化合物 ,齐墩果酸28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷 ;3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→ 2)-β-D-吡喃木糖齐墩果酸-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷和-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖齐墩果酸-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖 (1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷 ;均为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

预知子化学成分研究

 目的研究预知子的化学成分。方法通过反复硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱和重结晶的方法分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构。结果分离得到7个化合物,分别为常春藤皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅰ),常春藤皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅱ),3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ),3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ),常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-30-去甲齐墩果酸-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅶ)。结论其中化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为首次从本植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅴ、Ⅵ为首次从本属植物中分离得到。     

地乌中的三萜皂苷类成分

目的：研究地乌Anemone flaccida中的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、反相HPLC制备色谱等多种方法分离化合物，采用波谱方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果：从地乌根茎中分离得到12个三萜类化合物，分别为齐墩果酸(1)，齐墩果酸3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(2)，五加苷K(3)，齐墩果酸3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(4)，齐墩果酸3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(5)，齐墩果酸3-O-βD--吡喃葡萄糖醛酸(6)，齐墩果酸3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甲酯(7)，齐墩果酸28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)，齐墩果酸3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)，齐墩果酸3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甲酯28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)，齐墩果酸3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)，齐墩果酸3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(12)。结论：化合物5～8，10,12为首次从该植物中分离得到；化合物2,5,11对Hela,BEL-7402和HL-60细胞具有细胞毒性。     

刺萼龙葵化学成分研究

对刺萼龙葵Solanum rostratum地上部分的化学成分进行研究。采用硅胶,Sephadex LH-20,ODS柱色谱及半制备HPLC等方法进行分离和纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。从刺萼龙葵地上部分分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为薯蓣皂苷（1）,hypoglaucin H（2）,金丝桃苷（3）,异槲皮苷（4）,异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷（5）,山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（6）,smilaxchinoside A（7）,26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-3β,20α,26-三醇-25（R）-Δ^5,22-二烯-呋甾-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基（1→2）-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基（1→4）]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（8）,β-谷甾醇（9）,胡萝卜苷（10）,其中化合物 7 和 8 为首次从茄属植物中分离得到,其余8个化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

青阳参中C21甾体成分研究

该文用硅胶,ODS,MCI柱色谱和半制备型HPLC等方法对青阳参的氯仿萃取中含有的C₂₁甾体类成分进行了系统的分离纯化研究,并结合波谱数据对该类成分进行了结构确认。从青阳参氯仿萃取物分离到11个C₂₁甾体类化合物,分别为青阳参苷乙（1）,告达亭-3-O-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖苷（2）,告达亭-3-O-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖苷（3）,告达亭-3-O-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-毛地黄毒吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖苷（4）,青阳参苷O（5）,加加明-3-O-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖苷（6）,sinomarinoside B（7）,mucronatosides C（8）,wallicoside J（9）,stephanoside H（10）,青阳参苷元-3-O-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-加拿大麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-毛地黄毒吡喃糖苷（11）。除化合物 1,4和5外其他成分均为首次从该植物中分离得到的C₂₁甾体类化合物。     

延龄草根及根茎化学成分研究

目的：对延龄草Trillium tschonoskii Maxim.的化学成分进行研究。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱,大孔树脂,ODS反相柱色谱以及重结晶等方法分离纯化,并通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果：分离并鉴定了10个化合物分别为偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→2）-β-D-葡萄糖苷（1）,偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→4）-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷（2）,偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→4）-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→4）-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷（3）,豆甾醇（4）,β-谷甾醇（5）,胡萝卜苷（6）,紫云英苷（7）,豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷-６’-十六烷酸酯（8）,豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（9）,熊果酸（10）。结论：化合物 4,8,9,10 为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

毛重楼的化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱色谱,Sephadex LH-20和ODS等色谱技术对毛重楼根茎进行化学成分研究,得到12个化合物。通过理化数据和波谱分析鉴定其结构分别为羽扇豆醇（1）,羽扇豆醇二十八烷酸酯（2）,棕榈酸（3）,α-棕搁酸单甘油酯（4）,α-菠甾醇（5）,薯蓣皂苷元（6）,（25R）diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1→4）-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1→4）-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1→2）]-β-D-glucopyranoside（7）,偏诺皂苷元（8）,（25R）pennogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→3）-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1→2）]-β-D-glucopyranoside（9）,flazin（10）,calonysterone（11）,异鼠李素-3-O-β-龙胆二糖苷（12）。其中化合物 1~5,10~11 为首次从该属植物中分离得到,所有化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

白木通化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

 目的研究白木通藤茎的化学成分。方法通过反复硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱和重结晶的方法分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构。结果分离得到5个化合物,分别为2α,3,β23,29-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(Ⅰ),齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→3)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅱ),齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅲ),3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabino pyranosyl-30-norolean-12-en-28-oic acid(Ⅳ),3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→3)-α-L-阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷(Ⅴ)。结论5个化合物均为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

素馨花三萜皂苷类化学成分研究

目的:研究木犀科茉莉属植物素馨花干燥花蕾的化学成分。方法:通过硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构。结果:从素馨花干燥花蕾70%乙醇提取物中分离得到6个三萜皂苷类化合物,分别鉴定为3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖基常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖酯苷(1)、常春藤皂苷元3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(2)、2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(3)、常春藤皂昔元-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(4)、2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(5)、常春藤皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→)2-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(6)。结论:化合物1为新化合物,化合物26为首次从茉莉属植物中分离得到。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。