乳管镜在乳腺导管隆起性病变中的诊断价值

目的:评价纤维乳管镜在乳头溢液中诊断乳腺导管隆起性病变的价值.方法:应用BladeFVY-780型纤维乳管镜,配备FVS检查系统对115例乳头溢液病人进行检查诊断,手术病例与术后病理诊断作比较.结果:115例乳头溢液病人发现乳管内隆起性病变53例,导管内乳头状瘤28例,导管内乳头状瘤病24例,乳腺癌1例.术后病理证实导管内乳头状瘤26例,导管内乳头状瘤病21例,乳腺导管内癌1例.2例导管内乳头状瘤诊断为导管扩张.3例导管内乳头状瘤病诊为单发乳管内乳头状瘤,乳腺癌1例.结论:乳管镜能明确乳头溢液病因,确定病变部位,在诊断乳腺导管隆起性病变中准确率高,是诊断以乳头溢液为症状的乳腺导管隆起性病变的首选检查方法.     

乳管镜在乳腺导管隆起性病变中的诊断价值

目的：评价纤维乳管镜在乳头溢液中诊断乳腺导管隆起性病变的价值。方法：应用BladeFVY-780型纤维乳管镜,配备FVS检查系统对115例乳头溢液病人进行检查诊断,手术病例与术后病理诊断作比较。结果：115例乳头溢液病人发现乳管内隆起性病变53例,导管内乳头状瘤28例,导管内乳头状瘤病24例,乳腺癌1例。术后病理证实导管内乳头状瘤26例,导管内乳头状瘤病21例,乳腺导管内癌1例。2例导管内乳头状瘤诊断为导管扩张。3例导管内乳头状瘤病诊为单发乳管内乳头状瘤,乳腺癌1例。结论：乳管镜能明确乳头溢液病因,确定病变部位,在诊断乳腺导管隆起性病变中准确率高,是诊断以乳头溢液为症状的乳腺导管隆起性病变的首选检查方法。     

纤维乳管内视镜诊断乳头溢液的体会

目的　利用乳管内视镜观察乳头溢液的性状及其病因。方法　利用纤维乳管镜FVS -3 0 0 0M系统对 194例乳头溢液患者进行检查并对资料进行回顾性分析。结果　血性溢液中乳头状瘤占 67 4%、导管癌 8 1%、乳管扩张症和乳管炎 2 3 7% ,5例未发现异常病变列为正常。水样溢液中乳头状瘤 61%。结论　乳管内视镜可明确乳头溢液的病因、准确的病变部位。     

使用纤维乳管镜对136例乳头溢液病人进行诊断和治疗分析

目的评价纤维乳管镜检查对乳头溢液的诊断、治疗价值。方法对136例乳头溢液病人进行乳管镜检查,将溢液性质、检查所见、冲洗疗效及手术病理结果进行总结分析。结果136例病人中发现6例乳腺癌,并行手术根治;130例为乳管内良性病变,经手术病理证实80例,其中49例为乳管内乳头状瘤或乳管内乳头状瘤病,11例为乳管扩张症,12例为囊性增生,8例为乳腺腺病。非手术治疗50例为单纯乳管扩张及乳管炎,检查术中即予冲洗治疗,取得满意的效果。结论纤维乳管镜应用于乳头溢液的检查和治疗,疗效准确、可靠。     

应用纤维乳管镜诊治乳头溢液的临床经验

目的:探讨乳管内视镜诊断治疗乳头溢液疾病的价值。方法:对2006年5月～2007年2月在我院门诊行纤维乳管镜诊治的33例乳头溢液病例进行回顾分析,总结其内镜检查和相关辅助检查结果,并进行随访,对诊断情况和治疗效果进行初步评价。结果:33例乳头溢液患者,纤维乳管镜检查诊断乳管内乳头状瘤16例,乳腺癌3例,乳管炎5例,乳管扩张7例,2例未见异常。诊断符合率乳管内乳头状瘤、乳腺癌分别为62.5%和66.7%,乳管炎和乳管扩张均为100%,总体符合率为71.4%。同样病例超声、钼靶检查阳性发现率较低。结论:纤维乳管镜为乳头溢液患者特异性较高的检查,病理符合率较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

乳管镜在病理性乳头溢液诊治中的应用价值

目的探讨乳管内窥镜(FDS)在病理性乳头溢液疾病诊治中的临床应用价值,为其诊断和治疗提供依据。方法回顾2012年7月至2014年2月在宁夏医科大学总医院肿瘤医院行乳管镜检查的106例病理性乳头溢液患者的临床资料,对乳管内窥镜下所见和术后病理结果进行统计学分析。结果 106例均检查成功,乳管镜诊断乳腺导管扩张症42例(39.6%),导管内乳头状瘤58例(54.7%),导管内癌6例(5.7%)。共有68例乳头溢液患者接受了手术治疗。术后病理诊断符合率:导管内乳头状瘤84.5%(49/58),导管内癌83.3%(5/6),总符合率为84.4%。结论乳管镜是病理性乳头溢液最有效的检查方法,乳管镜能直接观察到乳管内病变,提高早期乳腺癌的检出率。     

溢血乳管内注水行高频超声检查对乳头血性溢液的诊断价值

目的探讨溢血乳管注水行高频超声检查诊断乳头血性溢液的价值。方法2001年10月至2003年10月对24例乳头血性溢液病人给溢血乳管注人生理盐水进行高频超声检查，观察乳管有无扩张及乳管内病变，并为手术标记病变乳管在体表的方位。结果溢血乳管注水B超检查有导管扩张23例，其中乳管内乳头状瘤14例，乳腺恶性肿瘤2例。非手术治疗6例，手术治疗18例。乳管注水B超与手术病理对比诊断导管扩张、乳管内乳头状瘤、乳腺恶性肿瘤的准确率分别为100％、78．6％、66．6％。结论溢血乳管注水B超检查为诊断乳管及乳管内病变提供一种新的安全、方便、无创方法。并能为手术治疗准确标记病变导管在体表的方位。     

乳管镜用于乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的临床诊治研究

目的:评价纤维乳管镜对乳管内乳头状瘤类疾病的诊断及治疗作用。方法:选取我科2009年8月-2011年8月经乳管镜诊断为导管内乳头状瘤患者144例,其中血性溢液78例,褐色溢液51例,深黄色溢液15例。回顾性分析其术前诊断及治疗过程。结果:所有病例在乳管镜下可见导管内肿物,并经镜下定位行病变腺叶切除,术后病理132例诊断为乳管内乳头状瘤,7例诊断为原位癌,3例为早期浸润性癌。结论:纤维光导乳管镜可准确诊断乳管内乳头状瘤,并进行定位切除。对此类疾病的诊治有重要应用价值。     

纤维乳管镜对乳腺导管内占位性病变的诊断及辅助手术治疗的应用价值

目的评价纤维乳管镜（FDS）对伴有乳头溢液的乳腺导管内占位性病变的诊治的应用价值。方法2005年9月至2009年12月本院采用FDS检查乳头溢液患者523例,发现乳腺导管内占位性病变209例（39．96％）。209例乳腺导管内占位性病变患者中,193例良性病变,均行手术治疗;16例恶性病变（乳头状瘤恶变6例,导管原位癌3例,浸润性导管癌6例,乳腺导管内乳头状瘤伴钙化、乳腺腺病重度非典型增生、局部癌变1例）分别行保留乳房手术5例,单纯乳腺切除术3例,乳腺癌改良根治术4例,乳腺癌改良根治术加假体即时置入术4例;所有手术采用FDS结合扩张探针定位法。所有病例均经病理证实。随访时间5～56个月（中位随访时间25月）。结果193例良性病变患者全部治愈,除2例患者失访外,其余无复发。16例恶性病变患者经治疗后,未发现复发、转移及死亡。结论应用FDS诊断乳腺导管内占位性病变有临床参考价值,辅助手术定位准确,有助于获得满意的手术治疗效果。     

乳管镜下乳管内病变的诊断及定位技术

目的：评价乳管内窥镜和乳腺定位针对乳管内病变的诊断和定位价值。方法：用奥林巴斯硬性乳管内窥镜系统及计算机帮助设备，对22例乳头溢液患者进行检查，采集图像，进行回顾性分析，并对30例患者在乳管镜引导下经溢液孔穿刺定位。结果：220例患者中发现早期乳腺癌11例（5％），重度不典型增生6例（2．7％），乳管内乳头状瘤93例（42．3％），乳头状瘤病15例（6．8％），导管扩张症或伴有炎症95例（43．2％）。结论：乳管内窥镜能直接观察乳头溢液患者乳管内病变情况，提高乳头溢液患者病因诊断的准确性，而在其协助下经溢液乳孔放置乳腺定位针，能够避免手术盲目性，为病灶的检出提供可靠的帮助。     

MR Elastography of the Breast: Evolution of Technique,Case Examples,and Future Directions

Recognizing that breast cancers present as firm, stiff lesions, the foundation of breast magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is to combine tissue stiffness parameters with sensitive breast MR contrast-enhanced imaging. Breast MRE is a non-ionizing, cross-sectional MR imaging technique that provides for quantitative viscoelastic properties, including tissue stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity, of breast tissues. Currently, the technique continues to evolve as research surrounding the use of MRE in breast tissue is still developing. In the setting of a newly diagnosed cancer, associated desmoplasia, stiffening of the surrounding stroma, and necrosis are known to be prognostic factors that can add diagnostic information to patient treatment algorithms. In fact, mechanical properties of the tissue might also influence breast cancer risk. For these reasons, exploration of breast MRE has great clinical value. In this review, we will: (1) address the evolution of the various MRE techniques; (2) provide a brief overview of the current clinical studies in breast MRE with interspersed case examples; and (3) suggest directions for future research.     

An oncoplastic procedure for central and medio-cranial breast cancer

Breast conserving therapy shows remarkable oncologic results and is eligible for up to 73% of patients with breast cancer. Cosmetic results are good, however, in patients with central or medio-cranial (“no-man's land”) located breast cancer, the cosmetic result may be unsatisfying. The use of different breast reduction techniques have been shown to increase resection free margins and improve cosmetic results. We report here about the use of the Hall Findlay breast reduction technique for oncoplastic surgery to improve the cosmetic result in 11 patients. The Hall Findlay technique shows good postoperative breast symmetry, all patients had resection free margins above 5 mm and are free of disease at a mean follow-up of 12 months. The technique may be used for breast cancer at various locations and reduces scar visibility and morbidity.     

Immediate breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi flap for patients with local recurrence of breast cancer

BackgroundIpsilateral breast cancer recurrence (IBTR) occurs in about 7% of patients with primary invasive breast tumor. Salvage mastectomy and breast reconstruction are often discussed and latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is frequently proposed.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 111 consecutive locally relapsing patients who underwent salvage mastectomy and immediate LD reconstruction. All included patients with IBTR previously underwent conserving surgery for BC, and received a postoperative irradiation. Primary endpoints were disease free survival and overall survival. Secondary endpoints were surgical complications and re-interventions.ResultsInvasive ductal cancer was the most frequent histotype (60.4%) of breast cancer reappearance. rpT1, rpT2 and rpT3 were observed respectively in 50.5%, 20,7% and 3,6% of the patients. rpTis occurred in 11,7% of cases. Positive axillary nodes were observed in 9,9% of patients at reappearance. Post-operative complication other than seroma occurred in 17,1% of patients, while seroma at the donor site was observed in 61.3% of cases. At 5-year after surgery overall survival was 92% (95% CI: 85%–96%) and disease free survival was 78% (95% CI: 69%–85%).ConclusionsImmediate latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction in selected patients with isolated breast tumor recurrence, which occurred after breast irradiation, provides an effective treatment with a satisfactory outcome.     

Intraductal Migration of a Breast Tissue Marker Placed under Ultrasound Guidance during COVID-Induced Delay of Surgery

Breast tissue markers are common in current clinical practice and are susceptible to migration. Herein, we present the case of a 47-year-old woman with invasive breast carcinoma diagnosed through ultrasound-guided core biopsy, who underwent placement of a breast marker (HydroMARK^®) under ultrasound guidance 30 days after core biopsy and with subsequent marker migration to the nipple. The correct position of the marker was documented by mammography after its placement and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Migration of the marker to the nipple was evident only by mammography on the day of surgery. We hypothesized that an intraductal path was the route of marker migration in this patient. Marked ductal ectasia evident on MRI and histopathologic examination supported this hypothesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published case of intraductal migration of a breast tissue marker.     

The outcome of patients with breast cancer who underwent breast conserving treatment with or without immediate volume replacement with autogenous tissue

Background  Breast conserving treatment (BCT) is accepted as an appropriate therapy for most patients with stage I and stage II breast cancer. However, BCT is associated with a relatively high incidence of local recurrence, and aesthetically unacceptable results occur in some patients. A novel method of immediate volume replacement using autogenous tissue has been developed to strike a balance between adequate excision and cosmesis. We determined the oncological outcome in patients with breast cancer treated with wide excision, immediate volume replacement with autogenous tissue, and axillary dissection followed by radiotherapy. Methods  One hundred fifty-three patients with TIS, stage I, II, or III breast cancer underwent wide excision and axillary dissection. The surgical margin of excised breast tissue was examined histologically during surgery. If involved, the breast tissue adjacent to the primary site was excised. When the margin of re-excision was positive, patients underwent modified radical mastectomy with or without breast reconstruction. After wide excision, immediate volume replacement with autogenous tissue was performed, unless the deformity was corrected by undermining and conization of the residual breast tissue. Postoperatively, all patients received breast irradiation. Results  Eighteen patients underwent modified radical mastectomy. The surgical margin was negative in 132 of the 135 patients who underwent BCT. The crude local recurrence rate was 0.7% (1/135). Estimated overall and disease-free 5-year survival rates were 96% and 94%, respectively. Conclusions  Wide excision with tumor-free margins and axillary dissection followed by breast irradiation provides adequate local control in many patients with breast cancer. Immediate breast volume replacement with autogenous tissue may avoid some unpleasant cosmetic results associated with extensive local resection. Our technique eliminates the need for mastectomy in selected patients.     

Oncoplastic breast surgery: A guide to good practice

Oncoplastic Breast Surgery has become standard of care in the management of Breast Cancer patients. These guidelines written by an Expert Advisory Group; convened by the Association of Breast Surgery (ABS) and the British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons (BAPRAS), are designed to provide all members of the breast cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT) with guidance on the best breast surgical oncoplastic and reconstructive practice at each stage of a patient's journey, based on current evidence. It is hoped they will also be of benefit to the wide range of professionals and service commissioners who are involved in this area of clinical practice.     

A case with breast cancer under the nipple who underwent breast conserving treatment

Although breast conserving treatment (BCT) has become the standard therapy for early breast cancer, breast removal is still recommended for patients with a tumor beneath the nipple or with Paget’s disease. We have employed transposition of a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous (LD-MC) flap after wide local excision of a tumor with the nipple-areola complex. A new nipple-areola complex was reconstructed on the LD-MC flap after breast irradiation. Utilizing reconstructive techniques, BCT will likely become the treatment of choice for more patients with early breast cancer.     

Breast phantom for ion chamber dosimetry

For studies of breast treatment techniques, a water phantom has been developed which allows high accuracy dose measurements using an ion chamber. The phantom is made from the torso of a female mannequin, which is supported so that it can be positioned either supine or prone. The back of the mannequin has been cut away to allow the phantom to be filled with water when positioned prone. The phantom can be simulated, planned, and treated in the manner of a patient. During “treatment” (prone rather than supine), ion chamber measurements can be made at any desired point within (or outside) the treatment volume. The ion chamber support system accurately assigns an (x, y, z) coordinate to each detector position within the phantom.     

早期乳腺癌术后即时乳房再造术临床分析

目的探讨早期乳癌改良根治术后即时乳房再造的可行性与方法.方法对我院2000年6月～2002年2月收治的21例早期乳腺癌患者行保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术,即时应用单蒂横行下腹直肌肌皮瓣(TRAM flap)乳房再造.结果应用该方法治疗21例患者,术后20例患者双侧乳房形态基本对称,患者满意.全组无腹壁切口疝及TRAM皮瓣完全坏死.结论对于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的早期乳癌患者,选择保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后TRAM皮瓣即时乳房再造术,能够满足肿瘤治疗和形体美容两方面的要求,是一种安全可行的治疗方法.