双侧甲状腺切除术后甲状旁腺功能减退临床因素分析及防治

目的:探讨双侧甲状腺切除术后患者甲状旁腺功能减退与各临床因素的关系,总结术后甲状旁腺功能减退的预防和治疗。方法:2011年1—12月行双侧甲状腺手术患者193例,所有患者于术后第1、2天检测血钙及甲状旁腺素(PTH),术后1、3、6个月随访血钙和PTH。术后PTH低于正常值患者予口服碳酸钙和维生素D。结果:193例患者中25例(13.0%)出现甲状旁腺功能减退,其中19例(9.8%)为暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退,6例(3.1%)为永久性甲状旁腺功能减退。不同年龄、性别患者术后甲状旁腺功能减退发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。甲状腺恶性肿瘤、术中行淋巴结清除患者术后甲状旁腺功能减退发生率(24.7%、20.9%)高于良性肿瘤、未行淋巴结清除患者(5.2%、8.7%,P<0.01、P<0.05)。术中有甲状旁腺误切患者与无误切患者术后甲状旁腺功能减退发生率差异无统计学意义(24.0%vs 11.3%,P=0.08)。永久性甲状旁腺功能减退患者中行颈淋巴结清除者100%(6/6)、甲状旁腺误切者83.3%(5/6),两者比例均高于暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退患者(P<0.05、P<0.01)。25例甲状旁腺功能减退患者补充碳酸钙和维生素D后1例出现低钙血症。结论:甲状旁腺功能减退与患者的年龄、性别无关,与患者手术范围有关,颈淋巴结清除和甲状旁腺误切更易导致永久性甲状旁腺功能减退。术后选择性补充碳酸钙和维生素D可以有效减少低钙血症的发生。     

达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术中甲状旁腺的损伤因素及保护

目的分析达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术中甲状旁腺损伤的相关因素,探讨甲状旁腺保护的方法,避免永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的发生。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年5月在济南军区总医院甲状腺乳腺外科行达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术的190例患者的临床资料,统计术后患者出现低甲状旁腺激素(PTH)及低血钙的发生率,分析术后发生甲状旁腺功能减退的相关因素,探讨术中如何保护甲状旁腺及其功能。 结果患者术后暂时性低PTH的发生率为20.53%(39/190),暂时性低血钙的发生率为23.68%(45/190),术后随访无永久性甲状旁腺功能减退发生。甲状腺全切术后低PTH、低血钙的发生率高于腺叶 ＋ 峡部切除术者(χ²＝14.789,11.604;P＝0.000,0.001)。行中央区淋巴结清扫的患者术后低PTH、低血钙的发生率高于未清扫者(χ²＝11.200,17.771;P＝0.001,0.000)。甲状旁腺原位保留者术后低PTH、低血钙的发生率低于切除后自体移植者(χ²＝5.536,4.851,6.140,5.453;P＝0.019,0.028,0.013,0.020)。 结论在达芬奇机器人甲状腺手术中,甲状腺全切除、中央区淋巴结清扫、甲状旁腺切除后自体移植是造成患者术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的重要影响因素。在达芬奇机器人手术系统下,准确识别甲状旁腺,精细化手术操作,原位保护甲状旁腺及血供,是预防永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的有效方法。     

精细被膜解剖联合纳米炭示踪负显影技术对经口腔镜甲状腺手术中甲状旁腺保护的临床研究

目的:探讨精细被膜解剖联合纳米炭示踪负显影技术在经口甲状腺手术中甲状旁腺保护的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2017年4月至2019年3月经口行腔镜甲状腺手术80例患者的临床资料。对照组经口行腔镜甲状腺癌根治术,研究组在此基础上应用精细被膜解剖联合纳米炭行甲状腺癌根治术。对比分析两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流总量、引流时间、术后住院时间、喉返神经损伤发生率及甲状旁腺误切率;统计血钙及甲状旁腺素水平。结果:两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流总量、引流时间、术后住院时间、喉返神经损伤发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组中甲状旁腺误切率高于研究组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组术后血钙、甲状旁腺激素水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:精细被膜解剖联合纳米炭示踪负显影技术利于提升经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺手术患者的甲状旁腺辨识度,避免甲状旁腺损伤或误切,从而有效保护甲状旁腺功能。     

甲状腺癌根治术致甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素及预防

目的:探讨甲状腺癌根治术中可能导致甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素及预防措施。方法:回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院普通外科2014年全年由同一外科医师实施的75例甲状腺癌手术的临床资料。结果:全组术后发生甲状旁腺功能减退20例(26.67%),其中暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退19例(25.33%),永久性甲状旁腺功能减退1例(1.33%)。甲状腺全切术患者甲状旁腺功能减退发生率明显高于甲状腺近全切除术患者(46.88%vs.11.63%,P0.05);行VI区淋巴结清扫患者甲状旁腺功能减退发生率明显高于未行VI区淋巴结清扫患者(45.71%vs.10.00%,P0.05);同时行自体甲状旁腺移植术患者甲状旁腺功能减退发生率高于未行甲状旁腺移植患者,但差异无统计学意义(50.00%vs.22.22%,P0.05)。结论:甲状腺全切和Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫是导致甲状旁腺功能减退的危险因素。术中精细解剖甲状腺后被膜,尤其是尽可能保留下甲状旁腺血运,术后应用预防性药物可能有助于甲状旁腺功能的保护。     

甲状腺癌术后早期残留甲状腺再次手术中喉返神经监测的作用

目的探讨术中神经监测术在甲状腺癌术后5~15天行残留甲状腺切除术中的应用,对术后血清甲状腺球蛋白、喉返神经及甲状旁腺功能的影响。方法回顾性分析中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院甲状腺外科2010年1月至2016年12月甲状腺手术的患者资料,对符合纳入标准的病例进行分析,并根据术中是否使用神经监测术分为神经监测组和非神经监测组,统计分析术后暂时性及永久性喉返神经损伤性声音嘶哑、暂时性及永久性甲状旁腺功能低下发生率、术前及术后血清甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)浓度。结果符合纳入标准患者435例,其中神经监测组227例、非神经监测组208例。神经监测组平均术前血清Tg浓度为18.66±2.3 ng/mL,非神经监测组平均术前Tg浓度为17.43±1.4 ng/mL,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。非神经监测组8.67%(18/208)患者出现暂时性声嘶,神经监测组2.2%(5/227)患者出现暂时性声嘶,有统计学差异(P0.05)。非神经监测组1.92%(4/208)患者出现永久性声嘶,神经监测组0.44%(1/227)患者出现永久性声嘶,无统计学差异(P0.05);非神经监测组18.75%(39/208)患者出现暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退,神经监测组7.49%(17/227)患者出现暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退,有统计学差异(P0.05);非神经监测组1.92%(4/208)患者出现永久性甲状旁腺功能减退,神经监测组0.88%(2/227)患者出现永久性甲状旁腺功能减退,两组比较没有统计学差异(P0.05)。非神经监测组术后1月平均Tg浓度为2.82±0.2 ng/mL,神经监测组术后1月平均Tg浓度为1.37±0.2 ng/mL,有统计学差异(P0.05)。非神经监测组45.06%(94/208)患者术后1个月平均Tg浓度小于1 ng/mL,神经监测组67.4%(153/227)患者术后1个月平均Tg浓度为小于1 ng/mL,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论残留甲状腺切除术中应用术中神经监测术可降低喉返神经损伤及甲状旁腺功能低下发生率,提高残留甲状腺组织及癌组织切除的彻底性,可将初次术后残余甲状腺手术的"窗口期"由5天延长至15天。     

甲状腺全切除术后甲状旁腺功能减退的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨甲状腺全切除术后永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的相关危险因素, 分析术后24 h甲状旁腺素(PTH)值与永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的关系。方法回顾性分析2017年1月1日至2019年12月31日在北京大学肿瘤医院行甲状腺全切除术889例患者的临床资料, 用ROC曲线分析术后24 h PTH值提示可能发生永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的临界值, 并以此值为分界进行分组分析, 探讨术后24 h PTH值与永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的关系。用χ2检验及Logistic回归模型进行单因素及多因素分析。结果本组患者术后暂时性和永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的发生率分别为33.3%和4.0%。ROC曲线分析发现, 以5.84 pg/ml为临界值, 术后24 h PTH值提示永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的敏感性为100%, 特异性为72%, 阳性预测值为22.5%。多因素分析显示甲状旁腺意外切除、甲状旁腺自体移植及术后24 h PTH≤5.84 pg/ml是永久性甲状旁腺功能减退的独立危险因素(χ2=10.900P=0.001;χ2=4.415P=0.044;χ2=13.576P=0.000)。术后24 h PTH值越低, 永久...     

甲状腺乳头状癌术中纳米炭示踪对淋巴结清扫及甲状旁腺保护的临床意义

目的探讨甲状腺乳头状癌术中纳米炭混悬注射液淋巴示踪对淋巴结清扫及甲状旁腺保护的临床意义。 方法回顾性分析解放军第251医院2014年5月至2016年12月收治80例甲状腺乳头状癌患者临床资料,将40例注射纳米炭混悬注射液的患者作为研究组,40例常规手术患者作为对照组。比较两组淋巴结检出数目及甲状旁腺的损伤情况。 结果①淋巴结总数：研究组438枚,平均( 9.4 ± 2.3）枚/例;对照组332枚,平均（5.7± 1.7）枚/例;②微淋巴结检出数：研究组102枚,平均（3.3 ± 2.3）枚/例,对照组40枚,平均（1.5± 1.1）枚/例;③转移淋巴结数：研究组290枚,平均（7.2± 2.6）枚/例;对照组155枚,平均（3.8± 1.7）枚/例;上述三组数据两组间对比差异均有统计学意义（t=6.59、4.89、13.28,P=0.01、0.02、0.00）;④术后病理标本中甲状旁腺组织检出率：研究组为5.0%（2/40）,明显低于对照组的22.5%（9/40）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=7.04,P=0.00）。 结论甲状腺乳头状癌根治术中通过纳米炭混悬注射液对颈部淋巴通路进行标记及定位,可有效提高淋巴结的检获数,增强手术的精准性和彻底性。同时,通过其负显影作用有助于减少甲状旁腺损伤。     

示踪剂米托蒽醌和纳米炭在机器人甲状腺癌手术中的应用效果比较

背景与目的 示踪用盐酸米托蒽醌注射液（MHI）作为一种新型获国家药监局批准应用于甲状腺癌的示踪剂,目前相关报道较少,尚存在较大研究空白。因此,本研究比较MHI和纳米炭两种示踪剂在机器人甲状腺癌根治术中对淋巴结清扫及甲状旁腺保护的效果,以期为临床工作提供新的示踪剂选择。方法 采用前瞻性、随机对照设计,纳入2022年6月—2023年6月于中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九六〇医院甲状腺乳腺外科行达芬奇机器人甲状腺癌根治术的患者,按照随机数字表法进行分组,将应用MHI的患者纳入研究组,应用纳米炭的患者纳入对照组。统计两组患者Ⅵ区淋巴结示踪数和示踪率,比较两组患者Ⅵ区（±颈侧区）淋巴结清扫总数及阳性数目、手术前后血钙和甲状旁腺激素（PTH）水平、甲状旁腺误切率、甲状旁腺功能减退发生率和暂时性低钙血症发生率以及术后体表注射点是否遗留印记,分析两种示踪剂效果的差异。结果 本研究共纳入99例患者,失访7例,最终92例完成试验,研究组与对照组各46例,两组患者在一般情况方面差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。研究组与对照组Ⅵ区淋巴结示踪率分别为97.1%（95% CI=95.7~98.5）和96.4%（95% CI=94.9~97.8）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组间Ⅵ区淋巴结示踪率差值为0.7%（95% CI=1.2%~2.8%）,研究组的Ⅵ区淋巴结示踪率非劣于对照组（95% CI下限≥-10%）;研究组和对照组Ⅵ区总淋巴结检出数分别为557枚和630枚（Z=-0.388,P=0.698）,阳性淋巴结检出数分别为125枚和92枚（Z=-1.443,P=0.149）;两组患者术前与术后1 d、6个月PTH和血钙水平差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。研究组甲状旁腺误切1例,对照组甲状旁腺误切4例,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组患者术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但研究组术后暂时性低钙血症发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）;研究组未出现永久性甲状旁腺功能减退,对照组出现永久性甲状旁腺功能减退1例;术后两组均有1例患者遗留体表印记,在术后6个月随访时,研究组患者表示印记已消失,对照组患者仍存留,随访期间无复发病例。结论 在达芬奇机器人甲状腺癌手术中使用MHI可取得和纳米炭混悬注射液相近的淋巴示踪和甲状旁腺保护效果。     

102例甲状腺癌中央区淋巴清除术中甲状旁腺保护体会

目的:总结甲状腺切除+中央区淋巴清除中甲状旁腺保护的体会。方法:回顾性分析102例于我院行甲状腺切除+中央区淋巴清除的患者,统计术后患者出现低甲状旁腺激素血症、低钙血症、症状性低钙血症的发生率。结果:术后暂时性低甲状旁腺激素血症发生率35.29%(36/102);低钙血症发生率69.61%(71/102);症状性低钙血症发生率36.27%(37/102);无一例出现永久性低钙血症。结论:各种甲状腺术式对甲状旁腺功能均有不同程度的影响,手术范围越大,术后并发甲状旁腺功能减退的可能性越大。术后甲状旁腺功能减退的预防,就在于术者必须秉承高度负责的态度,术中仔细识别甲状旁腺,精细化操作,注意对甲状旁腺动脉及回流静脉的保护,采取以原位保留为主,自体移植为辅的原则。     

甲状腺全切除术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退危险因素分析

目的 探讨甲状腺全切除术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退发生的危险因素及术后常规补钙的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析2017年1-10月于北京大学深圳医院行甲状腺全切除术的237例病人资料,所有病人术后当天给予预防性补钙,且于术后第1天均复查甲状腺素（PTH）、血钙,术后1、3、6个月随访PTH及血钙水平。统计所有病人的临床数据并进行数据分析。结果 （1）237例中出现术后甲状旁腺功能减退的病人139例（58.6%）,其中暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退的病人136例（57.3%）,永久性甲状旁腺功能减退3例（1.3%）。（2）不同年龄、性别、手术路径与术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。（3）淋巴结清扫范围、是否再次手术及是否误切甲状旁腺与术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退发生率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 （1）术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退与年龄、性别、手术路径无关,淋巴结清扫范围大、再次手术及甲状旁腺误切更容易导致甲状旁腺功能减退。（2）术后第1天检测PTH能较血钙更好地预测术后甲状旁腺功能减退的发生情况。（3）术后预防性使用钙剂及维生素D3可有效预防低钙血症的发生。     

Autotransplantation of at least one parathyroid gland during thyroidectomy in benign thyroid disease minimizes the risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism

OBJECTIVE:Permanent hypoparathyroidism is a distressing complication of thyroid surgery. The reported incidence varies between 0.4 and 13.8 % and is directly correlated to the extent of thyroidectomy. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze whether simultaneous autotransplantation of at least one parathyroid gland during total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease could reduce the risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism. METHODS: Since 01/1999 all thyroid operations are prospectively recorded. Beside daily postoperative measurement of serum calcium level, iPTH is routinely determined on the third post op day. Patients with complications are followed closely. Postoperative hypoparathyroidism persisting for more than 6 months is defined permanent. RESULTS: Between 01/1999 and 02/2001 146 total thyroidectomies for benign thyroid disease have been performed (81 pat. with Graves disease, 62 with nodular goiter, 3 with thyroiditis de Quervain/Hashimoto). In 37 pat. (25 %) at least one parathyroid gland was simultaneously autotransplanted into the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle. Group I (no parathyroid autotransplantation, n = 109) and group II (parathyroid autotransplantation, n = 37) were comparable concerning patient age, thyroid disease and lowest post op calcium level (2.07 versus 2.05 mmol/l). The incidence of postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia (14.7 % versus 21.6 %) and temporary hypoparathyroidism (15.6 % versus 18.9 %) was higher in group II patients (n. s.). Conversely, permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred exclusively in group I patients (2.75 %), patients with parathyroid autotransplantation (group II) did not develop this complication. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous autotransplantation of at least one parathyroid gland during total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease seems to minimize the risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism. The potential of routine autotransplantation in this setting has to be evaluated. The incidence of postoperative temporary hypocalcemia may be elevated with this policy.     

Parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy

Permanent hypoparathyroidism is a debilitating morbidity following thyroidectomy, with a reported incidence of up to 43%. Apart from meticulous dissection to preserve parathyroid glands and their blood supply, parathyroid autotransplantation (PA) has been increasingly employed to preserve parathyroid function. The adoption of PA during thyroidectomy has been reported to be associated with a low incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism. Biochemical function of parathyroid autografts can be demonstrated objectively by forearm reimplantation or during long-term follow up. The clearest indication for PA is for inadvertently removed or devascularized parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery. Other strategies, including routine autotransplantation of at least one parathyroid gland, can be considered, but is associated with a high incidence of transient hypocalcaemia. Apart from refinement in technique to facilitate graft success, a reliable way to assess overall parathyroid function or viability of individual parathyroid gland may assist in monitoring parathyroid function and selecting patients requiring this procedure to prevent permanent hypoparathyroidism.     

Parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy. Results of long-term follow-up.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Permanent hypoparathyroidism is a recognized complication of thyroidectomy. Operative strategies to prevent this complication include preservation of parathyroid glands in situ and autotransplantation of parathyroid glands resected or devascularized during thyroidectomy. METHODS: An analysis of 194 patients having thyroidectomy and simultaneous parathyroid autotransplantation at Barnes Hospital from 1990 to 1994 was performed. Data were collected regarding patient demographics, indication for thyroidectomy, operative procedure, pathologic diagnoses, and postoperative course, including biochemical assessment of parathyroid autograft function. RESULTS: Of 194 patients having either total, subtotal, or completion thyroidectomy, 104 (54%) experienced a [Ca(+2)]nadir less than or equal to 8.0 mg/dL and had symptoms and signs of hypocalcemia. Parathyroid autotransplantation was successful in 103 (99%) of these 104 cases and resulted in a 1.0% incidence of hypoparathyroidism in this series. CONCLUSIONS: Although preservation of parathyroid glands in situ is desirable, routine parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy virtually eliminates postoperative hypoparathyroidism. Normal parathyroid glands resected or devascularized during thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma or benign disease should be transplanted in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A should have parathyroid glands resected at the time of thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma and transplanted in the nondominant forearm. Postoperative management in most patients after thyroidectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation involves temporary calcium and vitamin D replacement and close biochemical evaluation. This precautionary measure of parathyroid autotransplantation markedly reduces the incidence of permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism.     

Does autoimmune thyroid disease affect parathyroid autotransplantation and survival?

Background: While the increased risk to parathyroid gland preservation has long been recognized during surgery for thyroid cancer, the effect of different benign pathological conditions on parathyroid preservation has not previously been reported. The aim of this study was to examine parathyroid viability in relation to autoimmune thyroid disease. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study including all patients having an initial total thyroidectomy (TT) performed by this unit during the period 2004–2005. Results: A total of 628 patients underwent TT in the study period. For the Graves' disease cases, 45 (62.5%) required the autotransplantation of one or less parathyroid gland, whereas 27 (37.5%) required two or more glands to be autotransplanted. This was significantly higher than for the benign thyroid disease group in which the respective figures were 242 (77.6%) and 70 (22.4%) (P= 0.01). Of the lymphocytic thyroiditis cases, 61 (65.5%) required the autotransplantation of one or less gland, whereas 32 (34.4%) required the autotransplantation of two or more glands. This was also significantly higher (P= 0.03). Temporary hypocalcaemia was significantly higher when two or more glands were autotransplanted (23 out of 177, 13.2%) than one or less gland autotransplanted (18 out of 451, 4.0%, P < 0.01). However, the overall incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism was 1.0%, and there was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: TT performed for Graves' disease and lymphocytic thyroiditis results in the autotransplantation of more parathyroid glands, leading to a higher incidence of temporary hypocalcaemia post‐operatively. Despite this, the incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism remains low at 1%.     

Parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy: is frozen section necessary?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of parathyroid gland identification and the need for routine frozen section examination before parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy. DESIGN: A prospective case series. SETTING: An endocrine surgical unit. PATIENTS: From January 1, 1995, to December 31, 1997, parathyroid autotransplantation was attempted for devascularized or inadvertently removed glands in 152 (33.7%) of 450 patients during thyroidectomy. Before autotransplantation, a biopsy specimen of the transplanted tissue was sent for histological examination without frozen section confirmation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Positive identification of parathyroid tissue in microscopic examination. RESULTS: Of 179 attempted autotransplantations of parathyroid glands, parathyroid tissue was confirmed in 167 biopsy specimens (93.3%). Incorrect identification of parathyroid gland occurred in 12 instances. The tissue mistaken as parathyroid gland included fat in 6 cases, thyroid tissue in 4 cases, lymph node in 1 case, and thymus in 1 case. Transplantation of at least 1 parathyroid gland (range, 1-3) was confirmed in 144 patients. For patients with confirmed parathyroid autotransplantation at risk of hypoparathyroidism (n = 112), postoperative transient hypocalcemia occurred in 22 (19.6%), while no patient developed any permanent hypocalcemia during a median follow-up of 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Devascularized or inadvertently removed parathyroid glands can be identified expeditiously without routine frozen section during thyroid surgery. Immediate autotransplantation should be performed and permanent hypoparathyroidism can be avoided with this measure.     

纳米碳在甲状腺乳头状癌手术中的应用进展

纳米碳混悬液是淋巴示踪剂的一种,具有染色率高、染色时间长、示踪清晰和假阴性率低以及对甲状旁腺的"负显影"作用等优点,可以帮助术中进行更全面的淋巴结清扫和保护甲状旁腺,已被越来越多的应用于甲状腺癌手术中。笔者就纳米碳混悬液在甲状腺乳头状癌手术切除中的应用进展做一综述。     

纳米碳在甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术中对甲状旁腺及喉返神经的保护作用研究

目的探讨纳米碳在甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术中对甲状旁腺及喉返神经的保护作用。 方法选取2015年6月至2017年5月行甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术的患者共67例作为本次研究对象,随机将67例患者分为纳米碳组(33例)和常规手术组(34例),常规手术组患者行常规手术治疗,纳米碳组患者术中加用纳米碳示踪剂。使用统计学软件SPSS19.0分析,术中术后指标,术前术后甲状旁激素、血钙水平变化以( ±s)表示,采用独立t检验;术后并发症发生率,采用卡方检验,以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、康复出院时间及甲状旁腺误切率(3.0%比32.4%)比较,纳米碳组均低于常规手术组(P<0.05),两组患者Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫数目、Ⅵ区淋巴结转移情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者术前甲状旁激素、血钙水平比较无差异(P>0.05),术后3 d内纳米碳组甲状旁激素、血钙水平明显高于常规手术组(P<0.05),术后7 d两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);纳米碳组患者术后声音嘶哑、自感发声无力、暂时性低血钙等并发症发生率明显低于常规手术组(P<0.05),术后3、6个月复查肿瘤病灶复发率纳米碳组低于常规手术组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论在甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术中使用纳米碳可清楚鉴别甲状旁腺和淋巴结,对保护甲状旁腺和周围正常组织有重要意义,值得推广。     

原位保留甲状旁腺血供及甲状旁腺自体移植术

目的 介绍甲状腺肿瘤手术中保护甲状旁腺血供及甲状旁腺自体移植的方法及疗效.方法 46例全甲状腺切除或近全切除手术中,血管化甲状旁腺保留24例,单纯自体甲状旁腺移植5例,1～2枚甲状旁腺血管化保留同时其余甲状旁腺Ⅰ期自体移植17例.结果 应用此法行全甲状腺切除或近全切除患者中,有2例原位血管化保留甲状旁腺及3例血管化保留+自体甲状旁腺移植患者术后48～72 h内出现一过性低血钙,予以补钙后3 d左右恢复正常.2例单纯甲状旁腺自体移植患者术后出现低血钙,服用钙尔奇D/罗盖全4周～8周后复查血钙维持在正常水平.术后出现永久性甲状旁腺功能低下的仅1例(2.2%).结论 血管化甲状旁腺保留及自体甲状旁腺移植可大大降低全甲状腺切除或近全切除手术导致甲状旁腺功能低下的发生率.     

Parathyroid autotransplantation with total thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma: long-term follow-up of grafted parathyroid function.

BACKGROUND: Permanent hypoparathyroidism is a major complication of thyroidectomy. Autotransplantation of parathyroid glands has been attempted to prevent this complication. However, no direct data have been available to assess grafted parathyroid function after long-term follow-up in terms of the serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration. METHODS: Eighty-four consecutive patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral modified neck dissection from 1992 to 1996 were enrolled. They concomitantly underwent total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation of all parathyroid glands to the pectoralis major muscle. The serum intact PTH concentration was periodically measured as an index of grafted parathyroid function. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 34 months. In all autotransplanted patients serum intact PTH concentrations fell below detectable limits immediately after surgery. They were restored to the normal range within 1 month postoperatively and were maintained during observation in 80 (95%) of 84 patients. Seventy-eight of 80 patients with normal intact PTH values were normocalcemic without any treatment and the remainder were normocalcemic with 1 microgram of 1 alpha-vitamin D3. Four hypoparathyroid patients were normocalcemic with 2 micrograms of 1 alpha-vitamin D3. The postoperative average serum intact PTH concentration of patients having more than 2 autotransplanted parathyroid glands was almost equal to that of patients with preservation of the parathyroid glands in situ. The incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism was inversely correlated with the number of autotransplanted parathyroid glands. CONCLUSIONS: The recovery patterns of the intact PTH concentration indicate that the glands were grafted successfully and functioned for a long period. This feasible method of parathyroid autotransplantation bears comparison with the previous reports in terms of the incidence of permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism, and it can be performed simply and is reproducible.