CYP3A4与CYP3A5基因多态性与中国汉族急性白血病易感性的相关性研究

目的检测中国汉族急性白血病(AL)患者和健康受试者中CYP3A4*18和CYP3A5*3基因型分布特征,探讨CYP3A4和CYP3A5基因多态性与中国汉族AL易感性的相关性。方法病例对照研究,用聚合酶链反应(PCR)后直接测序的方法,检测中国汉族AL患者91例,健康受试者200例的CYP3A4*18B和CYP3A5*3位点的基因型分布及等位基因频率。结果中国汉族AL患者和健康受试者CYP3A4*18B和CYP3A5*3基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。与健康受试者比较,AL患者CYP3A4*18B基因型及等位基因频率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),CYP3A5*3基因型及等位基因分布频率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CYP3A4*18B多态性与中国汉族AL的易感性可能无关,CYP3A5*3多态性与中国汉族AL的易感性可能相关。     

CYP3A5~*3和CYP3A4~*18B基因多态性对肾移植患者环孢素药代动力学的影响

目的回顾性研究肾脏移植后1mon,CYP3A5*3和CYP3A4*18B基因多态性对CsA药代动力学参数的影响。方法采用PCR-RFLP方法分析了63名肾脏移植患者CYP3A5*3和CYP3A4*18B基因型;荧光偏正免疫法用于检测肾移植患者静脉全血中的CsA浓度。结果在63名肾移植患者中,CYP3A5*3和CYP3A4*18B突变等位基因发生频率分别为0.770(95CI:0.767～0.773),0.235(95CI:0.235～0.241),而且这些等位基因表现出完全连锁不平衡。在移植术后1mon内,携带CYP3A4*1/*1野生型纯合子患者的C0以及剂量校正谷血浓度(C0/D)均明显高于携带CYP3A4*1/*18B杂合子或CYP3A4*18B/*18B突变型纯合子患者(P<0.05,Mann-WhitneyUtest);CYP3A5*1/*1基因型组的给药剂量明显高于CYP3A5*1/*3或CYP3A5*3/*3基因型组(P=0.004<0.01,Kruakal-Wallistest);CYP34*18B和CYP3A5*3联合考虑,对于CYP3A5表达组,同样发现C0、C0/D在CYP3A4*1/*1组C0以及C0/D均明显高于CYP3A4*1/*18B或CYP3A4*18B/*18B组(P<0.05,Mann-WhitneyUtest);而其他药动学参数在CYP3A5*3及CYP3A4*18B各组间相比差异则没有统计学意义。结论CYP3A5*3和(或)CYP3A4*18B基因多态性对肾移植后1monCsA药代动力学有一定影响,移植前CYP3A5*3基因型的分析仍需进一步研究。     

服用卡马西平癫痫患者CYP3A4基因多态性的研究

目的:研究服用卡马西平癫痫患者细胞色素P4503A4(CYP3A4)的基因多态性,为临床制定卡马西平个体化给药方案提供依据。方法:收集临床服用卡马西平癫痫患者的血标本,用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)法检测CYP3A4的突变。结果:141例患者中存在CYP3A4*4、CYP3A4*6的突变,个体突变率均为0.71%;未见CYP3A4*5的突变。结论:2例突变型标本与其他标本的血药浓度与临床疗效比较无显著性差异,不能说明CYP3A4*4、CYP3A4*6的突变对其表达的药物代谢酶的活性有影响。     

CYP3A4、CYP3A5和CYP3A7的基因多态性对中国汉族肾移植患者他克莫司药动学的影响

摘 要 目的：探讨中国汉族肾移植患者中,CYP3A5*3（rs776746）、CYP3A4*1G(rs2242480)、CYP3A4 rs4646437、CYP3A7 rs2257401及CYP3A7 rs10211单核苷酸多态性对免疫抑制药他克莫司（TAC）药动学的影响。方法：采用直接测序法,对85例肾移植的患者进行基因分型。采用酶放大免疫分析法测定患者TAC的谷浓度（C0）。比较不同基因型患者间TAC浓度剂量比值的差异。结果：在85例肾移植患者中,CYP3A5*3 A、CYP3A4*1G T、CYP3A4 rs4646437 T、CYP3A7 rs2257401C及CYP3A7 rs10211 G等位基因的频率分别为29.4%,27.6%,13.5%,26.5%及27.6%。肾移植术后1个月时,CYP3A5*3、CYP3A7 rs2257401及CYP3A7 rs10211影响TAC的谷浓度（P<0.01）。CYP3A5*3 A、CYP3A7 rs2257401 C及CYP3A7 rs10211 G等位基因携带者,TAC剂量校正浓度分别比其相应非携带者剂量校正浓度低约50%左右。而本研究未发现CYP3A4*1G和CYP3A4 rs4646437基因多态性与TAC校正谷浓度相关（P>0.05）。结论：在中国汉族肾移植患者中,CYP3A5*3、CYP3A7 rs2257401及CYP3A7 rs10211的单核苷酸多态性与移植术后1个月内TAC的药代动力学有相关性,但把这种相关性应用在临床上,以优化他克莫司的剂量,尚待进一步的研究。     

CYP3A4和CYP3A5基因多态性对汉族肾移植患者他克莫司血药浓度的影响

目的:研究CYP3A4* 18B (rs2242480)、CYP3 A5 6989 A/G(rs776746)两个位点的基因多态性对肾移植术后他克莫司血药浓度/校正剂量比值(C/D)的影响,对肾移植患者基因导向的他克莫司个体化给药提供有意义的信息和数据.方法:101名健康志愿者和56例亲体肾移植且随访超过6个月的患者参加本研究,应用基因芯片法检测2个位点的基因型.用均相酶扩大免疫分析法(EMIT)测定术后7d、14 d、1个月、3个月和6个月时血药浓度.比较不同基因型间他克莫司C/D值之间的差异.结果:在101例汉族人群中,CYP3A4、CYP3A5的等位基因频率分别为:23.75％、73.80％.移植术后6个月内,CYP3A5 GG型(*3/*3)的C/D值显著高于AA型(*1/*1)和AG型(*1/*3)(P＜0.05).CYP3A5 AA型与AG型相比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CYP3A4 CC型(*1/*1)的C/D值显著高于CT型(*1/*18B)和TT型(*18B/* 18B)(P＜0.05),其中CT型与TT型比较,C/D值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05) 结论:肾移植患者术后服用他克莫司C/D值与CYP3A4、CYP3A5基因多态性具有显著相关性.     

肾移植病人中CYP3A4基因多态性对环孢素A代谢的影响

目的 用基因分析技术对CsA代谢酶CYP3A4进行基因分型,以阐述CYP3A4基因多态性对环孢素A代谢的影响及相互关系,从而预测血药浓度及安全性。方法 用聚合酶链反应结合限制性片段长度多态性分析法分别建立了CYP3A的CYP3A4基因亚型3个新突变点(CYP3A4~*4,~*5,~*6)的基因分型方法,并对中国肾移植人群进行基因分型,同时测定CsA及其代谢物浓度,以原形药与代谢物浓度的比值MR作为表型验证指标。结果CYP3A4~*4,*~5,*~6等位基因在中国肾移植人群中的突变率为:2/133,3/197,3/200。野生型病人中肝肾功能正常和异常者测得MR均值分别为0.47±0.13和0.82±0.21。3种突变型病人MR均值为0.90±0.30。结论CYP3A4~*4,~*5,~*6等位基因的存在有可能降低了药物代谢酶CYP3A4的活性,从而使环孢素A的代谢减慢。     

CYP3A4,CYP3A5和MDR1基因多态性对环孢素处置的影响

环孢素是一个广泛用于器官移植患者的免疫抑制剂,具有治疗指数窄,不同个体间药代动力学差异较大的特点。它主要通过肝脏和小肠的CYP3A4和CYP3A5代谢;同时它又是药物转运体的底物。不同个体间药物代谢酶和转运体活性的差异可能是造成不同器官移植患者环孢素药代动力学差异的主要原因。而遗传因素即编码药物代谢酶和转运体基因序列的差异可能是其产生活性差异的分子机制。因此,从编码药物代谢酶和转运体的基因入手,可能会为器官移植患者提供最优的治疗方案。     

CYP3A基因多态性与肾移植术后不同时期环孢素浓度剂量个体差异的相关性研究

摘 要 目的：探讨肾移植受者口服免疫抑制药环孢素(CsA)浓度剂量的个体差异与代谢酶CYP3A4/5基因多态性的关系。 方法: 应用连接酶检测反应法分析221例肾移植受者CYP3A4 rs4646437C>T和CYP3A5 6986G>A基因型,考察其对术后服用CsA后6个月内、6～24个月、超过24个月的CsA体质量校正剂量谷浓度(C0/D)和服药2h后浓度(C2/D)的影响。结果: 不同CYP3A5 6986G>A基因型移植术后6个月内、6～24个月、24个月后C0/D均有统计差异（P<0.05）,C0/D值CYP3A5 6986GG>GA>AA。不同基因型CYP3A4 rs4646437C>T、CYP3A5 6986G>A在移植术后24个月以上C2/D均有明显差异（P<0.05）,C2/D值CYP3A4 CC>CT>TT,CYP3A5 GG>GA>AA。结论:不同CYP3A5 6986G>A基因型影响移植受者的C0/D和C2/D;不同CYP3A4 rs4646437C>T基因型影响移植受者的C2/D,可作为移植术后CsA个体化用药的参考指标。移植后用药时间不同,基因型对C0/D和/或C2/D的影响也不同。     

CYP3A4*1G基因多态性与紫杉醇血药浓度的关系研究

目的:研究乳腺癌化疗患者CYP3A4*1G基因多态性与紫杉醇血药浓度的关系。方法:采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定紫杉醇血药浓度,以聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性法(PCR-RFLP)检测CYP3A4*1G基因多态性,探讨使用紫杉醇化疗患者CYP3A4*1G基因型与紫杉醇血药浓度的关系。结果:不同基因型患者紫杉醇血药浓度分别为:CC型(0.097 6±0.042 9)μg/ml、CT型(0.102 4±0.046 6)μg/ml、TT型(0.106 5±0.036 7)μg/ml。3种基因型之间,紫杉醇血药浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CYP3A4*1G基因突变对紫杉醇血药浓度无影响。     

蒙古族与汉族人群GSTM3及CYP1A1基因多态性的研究

目的研究内蒙古地区蒙、汉族人群GSTM3和CYP1A1 Exon7基因多态性。方法采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片断长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）和等位基因特异性扩增（ASA）技术分析内蒙古地区412例健康蒙古族人和436例健康汉族人的GSTM3及CYP1A1 Exon7基因多态性及基因型分布频率。结果内蒙古地区蒙、汉族人群GSTM3基因型之间的分布频率具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,CYP1A1 Exon7基因型分布频率无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论 GSTM3基因型频率在内蒙古地区健康蒙、汉族人群中的分布具有显著差异,而CYP1A1 Exon7基因型分布频率无显著性差异。     

Frequencies and roles of CYP3A5, CYP3A4 and ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in Italian teenagers after kidney transplantation

The main genes involved in the pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressive drugs are those encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP) family enzymes and multidrug resistance 1 (ABCB1). In this study, 87 Italian teenagers with transplanted kidneys (mean age 11.6 ± 4.8 years) receiving calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) were genotyped for the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) CYP3A5*1/3 and CYP3A4*1B for CYP3A, and C1236T, G2677T/A, C3435T and IVS21+49 for ABCB1, and retrospectively evaluated for the influence of the screened SNPs on CNI blood level at different post-transplantation times. The CYP3A5*1 allele was present in 7% of the patients, and the CYP3A4*1B allele was present in 3% of patients. The ABCB1 C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T SNPs C, G and T occurred frequently (55%, 53% and 54%, respectively). The frequency of the T allele of IVS21+49 was 86%. The frequency of SNPs in both genes was comparable with that reported in other European Caucasian populations but different from that found in Asians or Afro-Americans. None of the cyclosporine (CsA) pharmacokinetic parameters were associated with the CYP3A5 genetic polymorphism, whereas the presence of the A allele in some patients was responsible for the required administration of a significantly increased dose of tacrolimus (Tac) that was necessary to reach therapeutic target levels. None of the Tac pharmacokinetic parameters were associated with ABCB1 SNPs, but ABCB1 SNPs had early effects on the CsA exposure index and dose requirements. In conclusion, because SNPs of the CYP3A and ABCB1 genes may be associated with CNI pharmacokinetic parameters and exposure indices, pre-transplant genetic screening should be considered in order to avoid immunosuppressant-related adverse events.     

Effects of CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of tylerdipine hydrochloride in healthy Chinese subjects

1. The aim of this analysis was to explore the influence of CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of tylerdipine in healthy Chinese subjects.

2. A total of 64 and 63 healthy Chinese subjects were included and identified as the genotypes of CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3, respectively. Plasma samples were collected for up to 120?h post-dose to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile following single oral dose of the drug (5, 15, 20, 25 and 30?mg). Plasma levels were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental method. The maximum concentration (C_max) and the area under the curve (AUC_0–24?h) were all corrected by the dose given.

3. In the wild-type group, the mean dose-corrected AUC_0–24?h was 1.35-fold larger than in CYP3A4*1G carriers (p?=?.018). Among the three CYP3A5 genotypes, there showed significantly difference (p?=?.008) in the t_1/2, but no significant difference was observed for the AUC_0–24?h and C_max. In subjects with the CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype, the mean t_1/2 was 1.35-fold higher than in CYP3A5*1/*1 group (p?=?.007). And the t_1/2 in CYP3A5*3 carriers also was 1.32-fold higher than in the wild-type group (p?=?.004).

4. CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms may influence tylerdipine pharmacokinetic in healthy Chinese subjects.

     

Enzymatic characteristics of CYP3A5 and CYP3A4: A comparison of in vitro kinetic and drug–drug interaction patterns

CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 exhibit significant overlap in substrate specificity, but can differ in catalytic activity and regioselectivity. To investigate their characteristics further, the enzymatic reactions of the two CYP3A enzymes were compared using midazolam, nifedipine, testosterone and terfenadine as substrates. Both CYP3A5 and CYP3A4 showed sigmoid and substrate inhibition patterns for testosterone 6β-hydroxylation and terfenadine t-butylhydroxylation (TFDOH), respectively. In the other reactions, the kinetic model for CYP3A5 was not similar to that for CYP3A4. An inhibition study demonstrated that the interactions between α-naphthoflavone (αNF) and CYP3A substrates were different for the two CYP3A enzymes. αNF stimulated nifedipine oxidation catalysed by CYP3A5, but did not stimulate that catalysed by CYP3A4. αNF at less than 32?µM inhibited TFDOH catalysed by CYP3A5, but did not inhibit that catalysed by CYP3A4. These results indicate that CYP3A5 has different enzymatic characteristics from CYP3A4 in some CYP3A catalysed reactions.     

Tacrolimus Elimination in Four Patients With a CYP3A5*3/*3 CYP3A4*22/*22 Genotype Combination

Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) are the predominate enzymes responsible for tacrolimus metabolism. The presence of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genetic variants significantly affects tacrolimus clearance and dose requirements. CYP3A5*3 is a loss‐of‐function variant resulting in no CYP3A5 enzyme production. CYP3A4*22 is a variant that reduces production of functional CYP3A4 protein. Caucasians commonly carry these variant alleles but are very rarely homozygous for both CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*22. This report describes four kidney transplant recipients who carry a rare genotype combination (CYP3A5*3/*3 and CYP3A4*22/*22). These patients were identified from a larger cohort of Caucasian kidney transplant recipients (n=1366). To understand the significance of this genotype combination on tacrolimus troughs and doses, we compared these patients to recipients without this combination. Patients homozygous for both variants are at risk for profound reductions in metabolism of CYP3A substrates. A 342% and a 90.6% increase in the median dose‐normalized trough was observed, when the CYP3A5*3/*3 and CYP3A4*22/*22 genotype combination was compared to the CYP3A5*1/*1 and CYP3A4*1/*1 genotype combination and the CYP3A5*3/*3 and CYP3A4*1/*1 genotype combination, respectively. These four individuals only required on average 2.5 mg/day of tacrolimus. Knowledge of these genotypes would be useful in selecting appropriate tacrolimus doses to avoid overexposure.     

CYP3A基因多态性与心脏移植术后环孢素肾毒性的相关性

目的：探讨心脏移植受者CYP3A基因多态性与环孢素（CsA）所致肾毒性易感性的关系。方法：应用飞行时间质谱技术分析66例CsA免疫抑制治疗发生肾毒性（20例）和未发生肾毒性（46例）心脏移植术后患者的CYP3A基因多态性,并通过统计学分析CYP3A各单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点基因型与CsA所致肾毒性之间的关系。结果：筛选出8个标签位点的等位基因在肾毒性和非肾毒性组间的分布差异均无统计学意义。经非条件性二元Logistic回归分析,在AIC定义的共显性和显性遗传模型下,未发现CYP3A基因8个SNP位点与CsA肾毒性的发生有显著性关联。结论：本研究显示心脏移植受者本次调查的CYP3A基因位点与CsA所致肾毒性无显著性关联。     

Pharmacokinetics of midazolam in CYP3A4- and CYP3A5-genotyped subjects

Objective We investigated whether differences in pharmacokinetics of midazolam, a CYP3A probe, could be demonstrated between subjects with different CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genotypes.Methods Plasma concentrations of midazolam, and of total (conjugated + unconjugated) 1OH-midazolam, and 4OH-midazolam were measured after the oral administration of 7.5 mg or of 75 µg of midazolam in 21 healthy subjects.Results CYP3A5*7, CYP3A4*1E, CYP3A4*2, CYP3A4*4, CYP3A4*5, CYP3A4*6, CYP3A4*8, CYP3A4*11, CYP3A4*12, CYP3A4*13, CYP3A4*17 and CYP3A4*18 alleles were not identified in the 21 subjects. CYP3A5*3, CYP3A5*6, CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A4*1F alleles were identified in 20, 1, 4 and 2 subjects, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed for the AUC_inf values between the different genotypes after the 75-µg or the 7.5-mg dose.Conclusion Presently, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genotyping methods do not sufficiently reflect the inter-individual variability of CYP3A activity.     

Lack of association between genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 and antituberculosis drug‐induced liver injury in a community‐based Chinese population

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