100例嵌甲患者的手术治疗效果分析

目的：通过对100例嵌甲病人的手术治疗探讨部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术治疗甲沟炎的疗效。方法：对三种类型共100例甲沟炎病人施以部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术加以治疗。结果：共治疗100例,99治愈（其中80例一期愈合,19例感染,经引流、换药后二期愈合）。随访2～8个月,平均5个月,一例复发,无复发患者对趾甲外形满意。结论：嵌甲是引起甲沟炎主要的原因,部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术对治疗各类型嵌甲时手术操作简单,效果满意,复发率低,同时一定程度上有美甲作用。     

指(趾)甲分型及对甲沟炎的治疗研究

目的 通过对指(趾)甲的分型探索治疗甲沟炎的最佳手术方法。方法 将指(趾)甲分成3个类型，根据不同类型的甲沟炎施以不同的手术。嵌甲型、扁平型采用甲床部分切除，少数病例采用拨甲治疗。凹陷型行甲床部分切除加指(趾)侧梭形切皮整形术，少数病例行甲床部分切除。结果 共治疗437例，治愈410例，复发27例。结论 嵌甲是引起甲沟炎主要的原因。嵌甲型、扁平型甲沟炎采用甲床部分切除根除了嵌甲的情况，疗效甚佳。凹陷型行甲床部分切除加趾侧梭形切皮整形后，甲缘平面被降低，避免了组织受压，治疗后不易复发。     

垂直半褥式缝合结合甲沟重建治疗嵌甲型甲沟炎的临床观察

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨垂直半褥式缝合结合甲沟重建手术治疗足复发性嵌甲型甲沟炎的临床疗效。方法〓选择2011年6月~2013年6月我院收治的复发性嵌甲型甲沟炎患者,包括采用垂直半褥式缝合结合甲沟重建术治疗64例(垂直半褥式缝合组),采用部分或全拔甲术治疗64例(拔甲组)。比较两组术后12个月临床疗效。结果〓采用垂直半褥式缝合治疗的患者中复发6例(9.375%),拔甲组患者复发19例(29.687%),并且在疼痛比较、感染及畸形程度等比较上两组差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论〓垂直半褥式缝合结合甲沟重建治疗复发性嵌甲型甲沟炎疗效可靠,复发率低。     

微创甲母质刮除术治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎206例术后疗效调查

目的：采用减少创伤,清除仅与疾病有关的肉芽、甲板、甲母质(nail matrix,或甲基质onychostroma)等病变组织术式治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎,并随访评估疗效。 方法：2010年-2013年6月,门诊手术治疗206例嵌甲性甲沟炎患者。术中剪除病变侧甲板3-4mm,并刮除与之相关的甲母质,刮出炎性肉芽,术后换药。 结果 术后随访6月-2年,复发13例,术后3月复发人数最多,复发率6.3%,优良率：93.6% 结论：微创甲母质刮出术,创伤小,手术简单,疗效满意,建议推广。     

甲根炎的命名、诊断和治疗

目的 探讨甲根炎的命名、诊断、治疗和预防。方法 对2000年3月以来收治的8例单纯甲根部感染性疾病患采取保守及手术治疗，并进行回顾性分析和总结。结果 本组病人均治愈，随访6个月，新生甲板无畸形。结论 甲根炎是一种独立的手部感染性疾病，它有别于甲沟炎、甲下脓肿及脓性指头炎等疾病，其治疗亦有其特殊性。     

Surgical options in the management of ingrown toenails in paediatric age group

Background and objectiveThe problem of ingrown toenails is worldwide, affecting all age groups. The aim of this study was to review the different surgical modalities for ingrown toenails in the paediatric age group in a hospital.MethodsWe reviewed case series of 66 children with 89 affected toes, under 16 years of age. The patients were followed up for up to 18 months. The treatment methods practised were: (1) nail avulsion with or without nail matrix ablation using phenol and (2) wedge excision with or without nail matrix ablation using phenol or thermal ablation.ResultsWe found a recurrence rate of 3% for those treated with wedge excision alone compared to 30% when treated with wedge excision and phenol ablation (p = 0.001). Infection rate was also higher for wedge excision with phenol ablation. We achieved cure rate of 97% when using wedge excision alone and 70% when phenol was used for nail matrix ablation.ConclusionWe advocate wedge excision as primary treatment of ingrown toenails in children. We would not recommend phenol ablation of the nail matrix in younger patients as it increases both infection and recurrence rates. The results of nail bed ablation with diathermy appear promising.     

The choice of operative intervention in combined treatment of malignant tumors of the adrenal glands

Comparative efficacy of various kinds of surgical treatment for malignant tumors of adrenal glands (MTAG) was studied. Traumaticity of various kinds of operations was estimated. There were operated on 318 patients, suffering MTAG: in 280--primary interventions were performed and in 38--reoperations. An optimal surgical intervention constitutes the adrenal gland excision en bloc with the tumor and performance of systemic lymph nodes dissection (LND) of paranephral, paraaortal (left--sided) and paracaval (right-sided) collectors. Adrenalectomy (AE) with LND of retroperitoneal space is the operation of choice in the MTAG treatment. Performance of AE with the tumor excision en bloc with LND, foreseeing high efficacy of the treatment, is possible in I-II stages of tumor only, when its malignant character could not be confirmed pre- or intraoperatively.     

A Surgical Approach to Ingrown Nail: Partial Matricectomy Using CO2 Laser

BACKGROUND: Ingrown nail is a deformity characterized by a transverse overcurvature of the lateral nail plate that causes nail fold inflammation. Currently recommended surgical procedures vary considerably. OBJECTIVE: We report our experience with a modified partial matricectomy and nail edge excision with CO2 laser. METHODS: A total of 116 ingrown nail edges in 77 patients were treated with the procedure. RESULTS: The incidence of recurrence was 2 of 76 cases (2.6%). CONCLUSION: This new surgical approach was found to be effective and is presented as an alternative treatment technique.     

Chordoma in the cervical spine managed with en bloc excision.

STUDY DESIGN: En bloc resection of a chordoma in the midcervical vertebral spine was performed. OBJECTIVES: To document the surgical technique used for en bloc excision of a chordoma arising in the midcervical spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Malignant tumors arising in long bones are excised en bloc. The authors recently designed a technique for en bloc resection of malignant tumors in the thoracolumbar spine using the T-saw. However, this technique is difficult in tumors of the cervical spine, and there are no previous reports of successful en bloc resection of such tumors. METHODS: Using an anterior approach, the ipsilateral vertebral artery was ligated. This was followed by sharply cutting the pedicle of the cervical vertebra with a specially designed T-saw. RESULTS: En bloc excision of chordomas in the cervical spine was achieved using the T-saw. CONCLUSION: Although the surgical margin was intralesional in a small area, the technique used in this case study indicates that en bloc excision of such tumors can be used with a safety margin even in the cervical spine.     

Surgical Treatment of Ingrown Toenail without Matricectomy

BACKGROUND Partial excision of the nail matrix (matricectomy) is generally considered necessary in the surgical treatment of ingrown toenail. Recurrences may occur, however, and poor cosmetic results are frequently observed.
OBJECTIVE The objective is to present a new surgical procedure for ingrown toenail with complete preservation of the nail matrix.
METHODS Twenty-three patients with ingrown toenail were included in this study. The surgical excision was performed 1 week after the completion of treatment of the initial infection. A large volume of soft tissue surrounding the nail plate was removed under local anesthesia. No matrix excision was performed.
RESULTS Short-term results were excellent. No recurrences or severe complications were observed during the minimum 12-months follow-up period. Cosmetic results were remarkable.
CONCLUSIONS Ingrown toenail results from the compression of the lateral nail folds on the nail plate. This study shows that ingrown toenail can be surgically treated without matricectomy. A large volume of soft tissue surrounding the nail plate should be removed to decompress the nail and reduce inflammation. Cosmetic results are excellent and superior to the classical Emmert plasty. Postoperative nail dystrophies and spicule formation are not observed. The main advantage of this surgical approach is the complete preservation of the anatomy and function of the nail to improve both therapeutic and cosmetic results.     

Pincer Nails: a New Surgical Treatment

BACKGROUND: Pincer nails are a kind of nail deformity characterized by a transverse overcurvature of the nail that increases along the longitudinal axis. Alteration of the shape of the underlying distal phalanx due to osteophyte formation at the apex may be a cause of pincer nails. This causes widening of the proximal matrix and as a result secondary torque in the distal nail plate leading to the typical appearance. Apart from conservative treatment, several surgical techniques have been proposed in the past. METHODS: This article presents a new surgical approach in the treatment of recalcitrant pincer nails which has several distinct advantages over other methods. RESULTS: Long-term results in six patients are presented.     

Laparoscopic partial cystectomy with en bloc resection of the urachus for urachal adenocarcinoma

Abstract:   Urachal carcinoma accounts for less than 1% of bladder cancers. The preferred treatment is wide local excision with partial or radical cystectomy. Two patients who presented with urachal carcinoma underwent laparoscopic partial cystectomy with en bloc resection of the urachus and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy as a less morbid, minimally invasive surgical alternative. Laparoscopic excision was successfully carried out in two cases with an uneventful convalescence.     

Staging and treatment of osteoblastoma in the mobile spine: a review of 51 cases

Purpose

To define the role of Enneking staging system and of the consequent different treatment options on the outcome of osteoblastoma (OBL) of the spine.

Methods

A retrospective review of 51 patients with OBL of the mobile spine conducted to compare the outcomes among the different types of treatments at long term follow-up (25–229 months, av.90). These 51 patients were previously staged according to Enneking staging system and treatment selected accordingly. 10 stage two (st.2) OBLs were treated with intralesional excision and 41 stage three (st.3) OBLs were treated either by intralesional excision or en bloc resection. The intralesional excision group was divided considering the use or not of radiation therapy after surgery. The recurrence rate was compared among these groups and also considering previous open surgery (“non intact” vs. “intact”). The statistical significance was defined using the Fisher Exact test.

Results

No local recurrence occurred in the st.2 patients treated by intralesional excision. Considering the st.3 patients, 2 local recurrences out of 13 patients occurred in the en bloc resection (15.4 %) group. All occurred in “non intact” cases (67 %). In the intralesional group, 5 local recurrences out of 27 patients occurred (18 %) being none in the group that received radiation therapy after surgery. Two occurred in the “intact” (7 %) and three in the “non intact” group (75 %). Considering all patients, the difference between the recurrence rate between “intact” and “non intact” groups was statistically significant (p < 0.002).

Conclusions

Intralesional excision proved to be effective in st.2 lesions and en bloc resection in st.3. Radiotherapy seems to be an effective adjuvant treatment when en bloc resection is not feasible or requires unacceptable functional sacrifices. The first treatment significantly affects the prognosis as previously treated patients have worse prognosis.     

Treatment of giant cell tumor of the distal radius

The results of surgical treatment of giant cell tumors of the distal radius were reviewed in 12 patients between 1982 and 1995. All 12 patients had Grade III lesions. Six of the 12 patients were treated using intralesional curettage with local excision, and the other six patients underwent en bloc resection with total condyle (four of the six by osteoarticular allograft, and the other two by fibular autograft) reconstruction with the aim of preserving the functional joint. There were no early or late complications such as infection, graft fracture, implant failure, or nonunion. No local tumor recurrence was seen in either group during the average followup of 6 years (range, 3-16 years). The best functional result was seen in the patients treated with intralesional curettage. The functional result of the resection group was good, achieving an average of 69% (range, 56%-83%) of their range of motion and 70% (range, 63%-77%) of their grip strength on the contralateral side. Intralesional excision should not be excluded as a possible treatment of Grade III lesions, although en bloc resection was used more commonly for these lesions because of tumor surgery reasons. Grade III lesions were treated with curettage when the tumor did not invade the wrist, destroy more than 50% of the cortex, or break through the cortex with an extraosseous mass in more than one plane. Reconstruction with osteoarticular allograft after en bloc resection is recommended in this non-weightbearing joint when there is contraindication for curettage of the lesion.     

Eponychial marsupialization and nail removal for surgical treatment of chronic paronychia

A long-term retrospective study of patients with chronic paronychia treated by eponychial marsupialization with or without nail removal is presented. Twenty-eight consecutive fingers with chronic paronychia in twenty-five patients were surgically treated. Symptoms had been present for 28 +/- 7 weeks. Twenty-three of these had nail irregularities. Of this group, the first seven fingers were treated with marsupialization alone. Recurrences developed in two of these. The next sixteen patients with nail irregularities were treated with marsupialization plus nail removal, and there were no recurrences (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, when the two recurrent paronychia were treated with both procedures, one healed completely and the other was markedly improved. All fingers without nail irregularities healed with marsupialization alone. These results confirm that eponychial marsupialization is an effective means of treating chronic paronychia and suggest that nail removal should be done when concurrent nail irregularities are seen.     

瘤体刮除术和瘤大块切除术用于膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的疗效观察

[目的]比较观察瘤体刮除术和瘤大块切除术两种肿瘤切除方式用于膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的疗效,探讨膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的临床特点和肿瘤切除方式对预后的影响.[方法]根据肿瘤部位和破坏大小分别选择瘤体刮除术和瘤大块切除术两种手术方法治疗43例膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤,35例采用瘤体刮除植骨术,8例采用瘤大块切除重建术(人工关节置换、大块异体骨移植).随访比较观察两组患者的术后并发症、肿瘤复发、肢体功能等疗效情况.[结果]两组术后并发症发生率,差异有显著统计学意义,P＜0.01;两组Enneking骨骼肌肉肿瘤术后功能评分结果比较,差异有显著统计学意义,P＜0.01;两组间术后局部肿瘤复发率,差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05;肿瘤复发与Jaffe组织病理学分级和X线Campanacci分期呈正相关系,P＜0.05.[结论]对膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤应根据肿瘤部位及其破坏的程度,分别选择瘤体刮除术或瘤大块切除术,而瘤体刮除术如能有效切除肿瘤又不影响骨支撑作用应作为膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤外科治疗的首选手术方式.     

Surgical treatment of adrenocortical cancer: significance of systematic lymphodissection

Comparative efficacy of radical methods of surgical intervention for adrenocortical cancer (ACC) with lymphodissection (LD) and without it was studied. There were operated on 280 patients for primary ACC. Adrenalectomy (AE) with en bloc excision of tumor and systematic lymph nodes dissection (paranephral, left-side paraaortal and the right-side paracaval collectors) constitutes the optimal surgical procedure. AE with retroperitoneal space lymph nodes dissection is the method of choice for ACC. AE with the tumor en bloc excision without performance of LD may give the same expected efficacy only for I-II stages tumor, when it is impossible to confirm malignancy intraoperatively.     

Surgical treatment of osteoid osteoma of the extremities

AIM: It was the aim of this retrospective study to evaluate the frequency of recurrences and complications in patients treated by conventional surgical methods at our institution between 1980 and 1996 and to compare them to those observed in patients treated by minimal invasive methods reported in the literature. METHOD: 70 patients with osteoid osteomas located at the extremities were treated by conventional surgical treatment. 51 patients underwent curettage and 19 patients had en bloc resection. After curettage an additional stabilising plate was implanted in 12% of the cases, after en bloc resection in 68%. RESULTS: There are 66% event-free patients after curettage versus 47% after en bloc resection. Local recurrence rate after curettage was 7%, after en bloc resection no patient developed a recurrence. In both groups a postoperative fracture was observed. Persistent pain due to the implant was reported by 7% after curettage and by 24% after en bloc resection. CONCLUSION: The rate of complications rises with increasing invasiveness and it is necessary to balance the security concerning a local recurrence and the danger of persistent postoperative pain. Curettage is the surgical method of choice in the therapy of the osteoid osteoma, en bloc resection is justified only for recurrent lesions. Curettage is an alternative to minimal invasive methods in cases of superficially located osteoid osteomas or in cases of unfavourable locations of the nidus (near joint or growth plate, inaccessibility).     

Chondrosarcoma of the mobile spine: report on 22 cases

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of 22 cases of chondrosarcoma arising from the mobile spine. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of oncologic and surgical staging in correlating management and outcome of chondrosarcoma involving the spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Approximately 10% of chondrosarcomas arise from the mobile spine, occurring mainly in adults, particularly elderly men. The course of the disease depends on the aggressiveness of the tumor, but also is influenced by the management. Intralesional surgery is followed almost constantly by local recurrence even with adjuvant therapy. METHODS: All charts, radiographs, and images were reviewed. The composite information provided by this review allowed for oncologic and surgical staging of the reviewed cases. According to Enneking criteria, the surgical procedures were defined as curettage (piecemeal excision) or en blocexcision. The margins were submitted to histologic study and reported as intralesional, marginal, or wide. - As primary management, 10 intralesional curettages (follow-up period, 2-119 months; average, 61 months) and 12 en bloc excisions (follow-up period, 39-207 months; average, 97 months) were performed. A total of 33 procedures were performed, including the management of the recurrences (18 curettages and 15 en bloc excisions: one for soft tissue recurrence). A clinical and radiographic follow-up period of of 2 to 236 months (average, 81 months; minimal follow-up period for survivors, 30 months; average follow-up period for survivors, 115 months) was available for all the patients. RESULTS: Three recurrences occurred in 14 patients treated by en bloc excision at onset or for recurrence, two in cases of histologically proven contaminated or intralesional margins. All but one patient were alive at final follow-up evaluation. Conversely, all the patients treated by one or more curettages (with or without adjuvant radiation therapy) had at least one recurrence, and 8 of 10 of these patients died of the disease. At final follow-up evaluation, nine patients had died of the disease; nine were continuously disease free (but one had died of another unrelated malignancy); and four were symptom free after management for recurrences (one was found alive 155 months after a soft-tissue metastasis en-bloc excision). CONCLUSIONS: En bloc excision, with wide or marginal histologic margins, is the suggested management for chondrosarcomas of the spine. Early diagnosis and careful surgical staging and planning are necessary for conducting adequate management. However, tumor contamination of the specimen margins, even in a small area, or spreading of the tumor myxoid content can worsen the prognosis.     

Ingrowing toenails: improving treatment

Sixty-six patients with ingrowing toenails were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups and followed up for 16 to 30 months after surgery. In group A 39 nail edges in 32 patients were treated by excision of the nail edge and chemical ablation of germinal matrix edge with 70% aqueous phenol. There were 34 patients in group B, in whom 46 nail edges and germinal matrix edges were surgically excised. In group A recurring symptoms developed in four (10%) nail edges, necessitating further surgery, and asymptomatic spicules developed in seven (18%) nail edges. Two (4%) nails in group B required reoperation and spicules developed in 10 (22%). Both procedures were performed as outpatient surgery, relieved pain and infection, and were acceptable to patients. At an average 2-year follow-up, both procedures yielded comparable results that were superior to those of simple avulsion.