马齿苋多糖对肿瘤细胞的体内外抑制作用

植物多糖具有抑制肿瘤生长且对人体无毒副作用特点,从植物多糖中寻找高效低毒的抗癌药物是当前肿瘤研究的重要内容.本室前期研究发现马齿苋水提液具有抑制肿瘤生长、增强机体免疫作用,在此基础上,我们提取马齿苋多糖（portulaca oleracea polysaccharide,POP）,采用体内和体外试验相结合方法,探讨马齿苋多糖的抗肿瘤作用.     

山药多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目前 ,对肿瘤治疗的主要方式有放疗和化疗 ,其中化疗药物对肿瘤的治疗 ,可能是直接作用 ,也可能是通过增强机体免疫功能而间接作用。山药多糖(Chinese yam polysaccharide,RDPS- )具有明显的抗肿瘤、增强免疫调节和抗突变的作用 [1～ 3] ,但有关 RDPS- 抗肿瘤机制的研究尚未见报道。因此 ,研究了体内给 RDPS- 对动物肿瘤相关免疫功能的影响 ,以阐明 RDPS- 的抗肿瘤活性的可能机制。1　材　料　与　方　法1 .1　主要试剂与仪器　　山药多糖 (RDPS- )为白色粉末 ;氘标胸腺嘧啶核苷 (3H-Td R) :3 .7× 1 0 3bq/ ml,中国原子能科学研…     

阿里红多糖的提取工艺研究及抗肿瘤作用初探

目的:对阿里红多糖提取、分离条件进行优化并观察其抗肿瘤作用。方法:依次采用热水回流提取法、酸提取法、碱提取法三种方法进行提取,除蛋白后得多糖混合物,苯酚-硫酸法[1~4]测定阿里红多糖含量。将其作用于S180荷瘤小鼠,测定其对小鼠免疫功能的影响及抗肿瘤作用。结果:采用热水回流提取阿里红多糖,该多糖能显著增强S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能,抑制S180肿瘤的增长。结论:采用热水回流提取得阿里红多糖具有抗肿瘤作用。     

茯苓多糖及其修饰物抗肿瘤作用及机制研究进展

文章对近10年国内外茯苓多糖及其修饰物抗肿瘤效应及其作用机制进行综述,为进一步研究开发和资源利用提供理论基础.深入研究茯苓多糖的结构修饰及其相应的抗肿瘤机制,对于将茯苓这一传统中药开发成用于恶性肿瘤防治的现代化新药具有重要意义.     

低分子量酶解灵芝多糖对U14宫颈癌小鼠的抗肿瘤作用

目的研究低分子量酶解灵芝多糖(EGLP)对宫颈癌14 (U14)小鼠的抗肿瘤作用。方法采用酶解法制备EGLP,建立U14宫颈癌小鼠模型。将U14小鼠随机分为4组:MC组仅用无菌生理盐水处理,CTX组给予CTX处理,GLP组和EGLP组口服GLP和EGLP,每天给药一次,14 d后处死,立即收集胸腺、脾脏和肿瘤组织的样本并称重,对其在U14宫颈癌小鼠体内的抗肿瘤作用进行评价。结果 GLP和EGLP均延缓异体移植肿瘤的生长;低分子量酶解灵芝多糖优于大分子量灵芝多糖。而且,EGLP治疗能有效保护U14宫颈癌小鼠的免疫器官。结论 EGLP具有较强的抗肿瘤活性和较低的毒副作用,有可能成为一种潜在的协同抗肿瘤药物,具有很好的研究价值与应用前景。     

β-榄香烯抗肿瘤免疫效应的研究进展

肿瘤免疫治疗能够激发或调动机体的免疫系统,增强肿瘤细胞免疫原性,从而达到控制和杀伤肿瘤细胞的目的。目前,肿瘤免疫治疗已经成为抗肿瘤研究的重要课题之一。中医药抗肿瘤免疫机制是多方面的,β-榄香烯是抗肿瘤代表中药莪术的有效提取物,本文综述了近年来β-榄香烯抗肿瘤免疫效应的临床及实验研究的进展情况。     

中药抗肿瘤机制的研究现状

随着现代医学者的不断研究，在研究中药抗肿瘤机制方面具有一定的成效。研究表明，中药在抗肿瘤方面具有明显的优势。中医药在治疗肿瘤上具有丰富的理论和临床经验，由于中药的成分比较复杂，需要通过多层次、多环节的综合作用来抗肿瘤。本文就中医药对肿瘤的理解进行分析，探讨中药抗肿瘤机制的现状，以便发挥出中药抗肿瘤的作用，促进医疗事业的发展。     

中草药免疫调节剂及抗肿瘤作用研究进展

中药免疫调节剂绝大多数是免疫促进剂,而其有效成分为多糖（polysaccharides）是由醛糖或酮糖通过糖苷相连接的一类天然大分子聚合物,它在自然界中来源广泛.上世纪 50年代,由于多糖显著免疫活性的发现,使得多糖成为中药药理学尤其是免疫药理学研究的热点,中药多糖作为非特异性的免疫调节剂能在多条途径,多个层面对免疫系统发挥作用：诱生多种细胞因子,促进干扰素,白细胞介素等的生成;激活巨噬细胞, NK细胞和T、B淋巴细胞;激活网状内皮系统和补体系统;促进抗体产生等对免疫系统发挥多方面的调节作用.该文阐述了中药多糖免疫调节和抗肿瘤等功能.     

枸杞子抗癌作用及临床研究概述

枸杞子为茄科植物宁夏枸杞Lycium baxbamm L的干燥成熟果实，现代临床上广泛用于抗衰老、抗肿瘤、保肝、增强免疫力等。肿瘤为临床常见疑难病，已成为排在人类死亡第2位的疾病，严重危害人类的生存和健康，寻找抗肿瘤的药物已成为药物研究者的重要课题，中药枸杞子以被多数药物研究者证实具有抗肿瘤作用，其发挥抗肿瘤作用的有效成分是枸杞多糖（LBP）。本文概述了近几年来枸杞子的抗肿瘤药理作用研究概况。     

中药多糖免疫调节作用研究进展

糖是一类由许多单糖分子组成的高分子化合物,已发现的多糖生物活性包括促进免疫、抗肿瘤、抗氧化和延缓衰老等,其中从中药中提取的水溶性多糖对免疫调节机制有重要作用。本文介绍近年来中药多糖在免疫调节机制方面的研究进展,并进一步指出复方多糖比单味药多糖更具有优越的生物活性,由此启发我们可以从一个新的视角来阐明方剂配伍的科学性和规律性。     

自身免疫调节法控制强直性脊柱炎病情发展的临床应用

目的 探讨自身免疫调节法控制强直性脊柱炎病情发展的临床应用价值.方法 分析中西结合治疗强制性脊柱炎的理论,采用中西医结合进行基础治疗,结合自身免疫调节法进行辅助治疗.分析患者病情进展的速度及病情的稳定状况,进行观察组与对照组比较.结果 20例患者的病情进展速度及生活治疗状况优于以往的单纯基础治疗.结论 自身免疫调节法对强直性脊柱炎的治疗有一定的临床意义.     

Polysaccharides as vaccine adjuvants

Adjuvant is a substance added to vaccine to improve the immunogenicity of antigens, and it can induce stronger immune responses and reduce the dosage and production cost of vaccine in populations responding poorly to vaccination. Adjuvants in development or in use mainly include aluminum salts, oil emulsions, saponins, immune-stimulating complexes, liposomes, microparticles, nonionic block copolymers, polysaccharides, cytokines and bacterial derivatives. Polysaccharide adjuvants have attracted much attention in the preparation of nano vaccines and nano drugs because natural polysaccharides have the characteristics of intrinsic immunomodulating, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and safety. Moreover, it has been proved that a variety of natural polysaccharides possess better immune promoting effects, and they can enhance the effects of humoral, cellular and mucosal immunities. In the present study, we systematically reviewed the recent studies on polysaccharides with vaccine adjuvant activities, including chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs), glucan, mannose, inulin polysaccharide and Chinese medicinal herb polysaccharide. The application and future perspectives of polysaccharides as adjuvants were also discussed. These findings lay a foundation for the further development of polysaccharide adjuvants. Collectively, more and more polysaccharide adjuvants will be developed and widely used in clinical practice with more in-depth investigations of polysaccharide adjuvants.     

Immunomodulating Effects of Fungal Beta-Glucans: From Traditional Use to Medicine

The importance of a well-functioning and balanced immune system has become more apparent in recent decades. Various elements have however not yet been uncovered as shown, for example, in the uncertainty on immune system responses to COVID-19. Fungal beta-glucans are bioactive molecules with immunomodulating properties. Insights into the effects and function of beta-glucans, which have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, advances with the help of modern immunological and biotechnological methods. However, it is still unclear into which area beta-glucans fit best: supplements or medicine? This review has highlighted the potential application of fungal beta-glucans in nutrition and medicine, reviewing their formulation, efficacy, safety profile, and immunomodulating effects. The current status of dietary fungal glucans with respect to the European scientific requirements for health claims related to the immune system and defense against pathogens has been reviewed. Comparing the evidence base of the putative health effects of fungal beta-glucan supplements with the published guidance documents by EFSA on substantiating immune stimulation and pathogen defense by food products shows that fungal beta-glucans could play a role in supporting and maintaining health and, thus, can be seen as a good health-promoting substance from food, which could mean that this effect may also be claimed if approved. In addition to these developments related to food uses of beta-glucan-containing supplements, beta-glucans could also hold a novel position in Western medicine as the concept of trained immunity is relatively new and has not been investigated to a large extent. These innovative concepts, together with the emerging success of modern immunological and biotechnological methods, suggest that fungal glucans may play a promising role in both perspectives, and that there are possibilities for traditional medicine to provide an immunological application in both medicine and nutrition.     

天然萜类化合物在宫颈癌抗癌机制中的研究

随着中草药低毒高效的特点逐渐为大家认知,越来越多的中草药被用于宫颈癌的治疗。萜类化合物是中草药中一类比较重要的化合物,现已发现青蒿素、香樟醇、冬凌草甲素和大豆皂苷等多种萜类化合物表现出抗宫颈癌活性,其中二萜化合物紫杉醇已广泛应用于宫颈癌治疗,并且取得了较好的临床疗效,该类化合物的抗癌机制也正处于研究中。就萜类物质在宫颈癌抗癌机制中的研究进行综述。     

医疗服务价格调整对公立医院收入结构的影响研究——基于成分数据分析方法

目的基于三级甲等公立医院运营数据,分析医疗服务价格调整对医院收入结构的影响。方法引入成分数据分析方法,利用浙江省12家三级甲等公立医院(综合医院7家、中医类医院2家、专科医院3家) 2019年1—7月收入结构数据模拟无政策干预下8—12月数据,比较实际数据与模拟数据的差异。结果调价后综合医院、中医类医院和专科医院的医疗服务收入占比分别提高了4.77、4.01和2.54个百分点,检验和检查收入占比分别减少了0.60、0.78和2.94个百分点。综合性医院和中医类医院的药占比降低了1.87和5.29个百分点。各类医院服务收入增加了10 890.14万元,药品收入减少了6 521.79万元,检验检查收入减少了3 065.96万元。结论医疗服务价格调整政策提高了服务收入占比,降低了物耗性收入占比。下一步需建立医疗服务价格动态调整机制,继续控制医疗费用不合理增长,并关注不同类型医院收入结构的差异。     

Serving billions: a pilot study on clinician-perceived efficacy of rehabilitative services in China

China has the world's largest number of disabled people, and this number is projected to grow. Although there is ample literature on the utilization and efficacy of Western medicine as it pertains to rehabilitation services, there is far less research on the perceived efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A structured questionnaire was designed for a pilot study on TCM and Western medicine used for rehabilitation services in China, their associated charges, and perceived efficacy. A sample of 33 clinicians responded to the questionnaire. The analysis found that clinicians most frequently prescribed Fenbid and Chinese herbs to treat rehabilitation morbidities, and the most common TCM treatments were acupuncture and massage therapy. The average patient charge for each visit for TCM therapy varied from 56 Yuan (dollars 7.30) for Chinese herbal medicine to 12 Yuan (dollars 1.60) for cupping therapy. The most frequently prescribed Western therapies were occupational, physical, and speech. The average charge for each visit for Western medicine varied from 111 Yuan (dollars 14.60) for physical therapy to 48 Yuan (dollars 6.30) occupational therapy. Clinicians indicated that acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, massage, speech, occupational, and physical therapies were "effective" or "highly effective" in treating morbidities requiring rehabilitation services.     

中西医结合复治涂阳活动性肺结核50例疗效观察

目的推动中西医结合疗法在复治涂阳活动性肺结核治疗中的应用,提高治愈率。方法对照组30例运用复治常规化学疗法,治疗组50例加用中医辩证疗法。疗程结束后,对不同时期痰检转阴及肺部症状和体征变化进行比较。结果对照组30例,23人痰菌转阴,临床治愈率达76.67%;治疗组50例,48例痰检全部转阴且肺部症状和体征全部消失,临床治愈率达96.00%,中西医结合疗法的临床治愈率高于化学疗法治愈率。结论中西医结合疗法治疗复治涂阳活动性肺结核,能快速改善患者症状和体征,提高治愈率。     

中国中医事业发展的瓶颈与对策研究

中医药的发展，人才培养是关键。但更重要的前提还是中医认识要更新，要在中医认识观、学生素质、医疗环境、评价体系上进行深刻的反思和调整，尽快在中小学健康课程中加入医学内容，制定出合理的评价体系，只有这样，中国医学才能得到深入的发展。