芪冬颐心口服液对麻醉犬血流动力学及心肌缺血的影响

目的：观察芪冬颐心口服液（QDYX）对正常犬血流动力学和心肌耗氧量的影响,及对急性心肌梗死犬的影响。 方法：采用麻醉开胸犬,测定心脏血流动力学和心肌氧代谢参数,并结扎犬左冠状动脉前降支（LAD）复制急性心肌梗死模型,测定心肌梗死面积及血清酶学变化。 结果：1.0、2.0 g•kg^-1 QDYX可降低冠脉阻力,增加冠脉流量,减少心肌耗氧量,缩小心肌梗死面积,降低血清肌酸激酶（CK）及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性。 结论：QDYX能降低冠脉阻力,增加冠脉流量,减少心肌耗氧量,对缺血心肌具有保护作用。     

雷米普利对犬急性心肌梗死的保护作用

目的：观察雷米普利对犬急性心肌梗死的保护作用。方法：结扎犬冠状动脉左前降支6h,建立实验性急性心肌梗死模型,将犬随机分为假手术组、梗死模型组、维拉帕米（10mg／kg）组及雷米普利0．5、1、2mg／kg组。测定犬24企点心外膜心电图（EECG）,计算心肌梗死面积（MIS）,测定血清磷酸肌酸激酶（CK）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：雷米普利能明显降低实验性心肌梗死犬的心肌缺血程度（∑-ST）和缺血范围（∑-ST）,缩小MIS,降低血清CK、LDH及AST活性,亦能明显降低血清MDA含量,提高SOD及GSH—Px活性。结论：雷米普利对犬实验性心肌缺血具有明显的保护作用,可能与其提高内源性抗氧化酶活性,减轻氧自由基的损伤有关。     

乙酰半胱氨酸对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用

目的探讨乙酰半胱氨酸对酒精所致大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法采用酒精灌胃法制作急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型。50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组（n=10）：正常对照组、急性酒精性肝损伤模型组、乙酰半胱氨酸低、中、高剂量（150,300,600mg／kg）组。测定并比较各组大鼠肝脏指数,血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性以及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活性与丙二醛（MDA）含量;并观察光镜下肝组织病理学改变。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肝组织SOD、GSH—Px活性降低（均P〈0．05）,血清ALT、AST活性和肝组织MDA含量增加（均P〈0．05）。治疗结束后,与模型组比较,乙酰半胱氨酸各剂量组急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝组织SOD、GSH—Px活性均升高（均P〈0．05）,血清A岍、AST活性和肝组织MDA含量降低（均P〈0．05）,并能不同程度地改善肝脏组织病理损伤。结论乙酰半胱氨酸能够有效地改善肝功能,降低脂质过氧化物水平,对酒精所致大鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

高原地区消化性溃疡患者血中SOD、GSH-Px和MDA的变化

目的观察高原地区消化性溃疡患者体内氧自由基代谢指标超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化。方法在海拔2260m的西宁地区选择了35例胃溃疡和28例十二指肠溃疡患者进行了SOD、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量的测定，并与同一条件下的50例健康人作为对照组进行了比较。结果与对照组比较，胃渍疡组和十二指肠溃疡组患者体内的SOD、GSH—Px活性明显升高（P〈0．01），同时伴有MDA含量的显著下降（P〈0．01）；而胃溃疡组和十二指肠溃疡组相比较差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论在高原地区氧自由基代谢指标的变化与消化性溃疡的发生与发展密切相关。     

维药迪娜口服液对急性肝损伤小鼠肝脏组织MDA、GSH-Px含量及Ca^2＋-ATPase活性的影响

目的 探讨维药迪娜口服液对四氯化碳（CCl4）致急性肝损伤小鼠肝组织丙二醛（MDA）含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活力及Ca^2＋转运ATP酶（Ca^2＋-ATPase）活性的影响及其保肝作用机制。方法 取小鼠60只随机分成正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照药联苯双酯组（3．75mg／kg）及迪娜口服液低、中、高剂量组（分别为4．78、9．55、19．10g迪娜口服液／kg体质量,相当于人用量95．5g／d的5、10、20倍）,每组10只。各实验药物组及阳性对照组分别按剂量灌胃给药0．2mL／10g体质量,正常对照组、模型组给予等容量蒸馏水;连续给药7d,禁食不禁水12h,除正常对照组外,其他各组动物腹腔注射0．15％CCl4-花生油溶液（0．1mL／10g）。造模24h后取肝脏做组织匀浆,检测MDA含量、GSH—Px活力与Ca^2＋-ATPase活性的变化。结果 与正常对照组比较,模型组MDA含量明显升高,GSH—Px活力与Ca^2＋-ATPase活性均明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;与模型组比较,阳性对照组和迪娜各剂量组MDA含量均降低,GSH—Px活力及Ca^2＋-ATPase活性提高,其中迪娜中剂量组MDA含量降低及组织Ca^2＋-ATPase活性提高最为明显（P〈0．05）,迪娜高剂量组GSH—Px活力上升较为明显。结论 迪娜口服液对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与清除自由基损伤和保护酶活性有关。     

维生素C和E对染铅大鼠海马抗氧化酶及NO与NOS的影响

目的：观察维生素C、E对五周龄生长期染铅SD大鼠血铅及海马超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）、NOS活性及丙二醛（MDA）、NO含量的影响。方法：大鼠自由饮用0．615mmol／L的醋酸铅4周造成铅中毒模型。然后以维生素C100mg／kg、维生素E100mg／kg单独或联合灌胃1周。测量血铅水平，大鼠海马组织SOD、GSH—Px、NOS活性及MDA和NO含量。结果：与铅模型组比较，给予维生素C，维生素E后，大鼠血铅浓度显著性降低（P〈0．05）；MDA含量下降，且其联合治疗组与单独维生素C治疗组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；SOD，GSH—Px、NO、NOS水平显著高于铅模型组，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：补充维生素C、维生素E可以降低血铅含量，减轻铅中毒引起的海马的脂质过氧化损伤，提高NOS、NO活性。     

依达拉奉对急性肺损伤防治作用研究

目的探讨依达拉奉注射液对严重胸外伤导致的急性肺损伤（ALI）的预防及治疗作用。方法将40例ALI患者随机分为依达拉奉治疗组（A组,20例）和对照组（B组,20例）。检测血清丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）含量来评定氧自由基水平及自由基清除系统活性。结果与B组比较,A组血浆中MDA含量下降,SOD、GSH和GSH—Px活力升高（P〈0．05）。结论依达拉奉可以预防及治疗严重胸外伤引起的急性肺损伤。     

山药多糖预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的抗氧化保护作用

目的探讨山药多糖预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。方法选择健康雄性sD大鼠30只,随机分为3组：假手术组、肾缺血再灌注损伤组、山药多糖预处理组,每组各10只,复制大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤模型,山药多糖预处理组,于造模前1周给予200mg／kg山药多糖灌胃。肾缺血再灌注6h后检测血清尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（SCr）的含量,测定肾组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活性及丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果与假手术组相比,肾缺血再灌注损伤组和山药多糖预处理组血清BUN、SCr含量升高（P〈0．01）,肾组织SOD、GSH—Px活性降低（P〈0．01）,MDA含量升高（P〈0．01）;与肾缺血再灌注损伤组相比,山药多糖预处理组的血清BUN、SCr含量降低（P〈0．01）,肾组织SOD、GSH—Px活性升高（P〈0．01）,MDA水平降低（P〈0．01）。结论山药多糖预处理能改善肾缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与山药多糖抗氧化作用有关。     

益心口服液对化学性缺氧心肌细胞的保护作用

目的：探讨益心口服液对化学性缺氧心肌细胞的保护作用。方法：改良Simpson法培养新生大鼠心肌细胞,随机分为生理盐水对照组、缺氧模型组、复方丹参滴丸组及益心口服液大中小3个剂量组。采用二亚硫酸钠造心肌细胞化学性缺氧,并给予相应的药物干预。检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和丙酮酸激酶（PK）含量,观察益心口服液对化学性缺氧心肌细胞的影响。结果：与对照组心肌细胞相比,缺氧模型组心肌细胞变大,折光性差,胞核暗淡,细胞LDH和PK含量降低,细胞MDA含量增加,SOD活性降低（P〈0．05）。复方丹参滴丸组细胞PK含量降低,细胞MDA含量增加,SOD活性降低（P〈0．05）。益心口服液各剂量组SOD活性增加,LDH和PK含量增加,而MDA含量降低（P〈0．05）。未见剂量依从性。结论：益心口服液通过抗氧自由基,稳定细胞膜;降低心肌耗氧量,增加氧供需比等来减少缺氧心肌细胞损伤。     

红景天苷对疲劳小鼠氧化损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨红景天苷对疲劳小鼠氧化损伤保护作用的机制。方法：32只昆明种雄性小鼠按体质量随机分为正常对照组、红景天苷组、运动组及红景天苷＋运动组。红景天苷组及红景天苷牟运动组小鼠予红景天苷180mg／（kg·d）灌胃给药,正常对照组及运动组予相同体积[0．02mL／（g·d）]蒸馏水灌胃,连续灌胃15d。末次给药后30min,运动组及红景天苷＋运动组小鼠无负重游泳120min。游泳后立即取材,全自动生化仪检测血浆乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）、肌酸激酶（creatine kinase,CK）及肌酸激酶同工酶MB（creatine kinase—myocardial band isoenzyme,CK—MB）活性;采用试剂盒检测肝组织匀浆中过氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH—Px）活性和丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量;电子显微镜观察心肌和骨骼肌超微结构变化。结果：与不运动比较,长时间运动可明显提高小鼠血浆LDH、CK、CK—MB活性（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,而红景天苷可降低小鼠血浆CK及CK—MB活性（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;红景天苷与长时间运动有交互作用,红景天苷可拮抗长时间运动导致的血浆LDH、CK及CK—MB活性升高（P〈0．05）。与不运动比较,长时间运动可显著降低小鼠血浆SOD及GSH—Px活性（P〈0．01）,升高小鼠血浆MDA含量（P〈0．01）;红景天苷可明显升高小鼠血浆SOD及GSH—Px活性（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,显著降低小鼠血浆MDA含量（P〈0．01）;红景天苷可拮抗长时间运动导致的小鼠血浆SOD活性降低（P〈0．05）。电子显微镜结果表明长时间耐力运动后骨骼肌和心肌出现明显的损伤,运动组小鼠骨骼肌及心肌超微结构损伤较红景天苷＋运动组明显。结论：红景天苷对运动所导致的氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.