rt-PA动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的分析动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的安全性及疗效。方法对21例颈内动脉系统梗死患者(颈内动脉3例,大脑中动脉12例,大脑前动脉5例,豆纹动脉1例)进行rt-PA动脉溶栓治疗。治疗时间在发病后2～6h,观察术中血管再通及术后即刻、24h后分别行头颅CT或MRI扫描以明确有无颅内出血。术前及术后30d采用中国脑卒中神经功能缺损程度量表(chinese stroke scale)进行评估。结果21例患者动脉溶栓治疗中技术成功率100%。其中血管再通TMI分级2～3级16例,TMI分级0～1级5例。症状性脑出血3例,其中2例死亡。17例术后30d神经功能缺损评分减少>50%,2例<50%,死亡2例。TMI分级2～3级的血管再通患者生活状态明显优于TMI分级0～1级血管再通患者。结论急性脑梗死6h内动脉溶栓治疗比较合适,但也有并发脑出血的严重后果,开始溶栓时间越早越好。     

动脉内接触性溶栓治疗急性脑梗死时间窗选择与疗效分析

目的 探讨动脉内接触性溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的时间窗选择与疗效的关系.资料与方法 245例脑梗死均在CT检查及血管造影基础上接受选择性动脉内接触性溶栓治疗,其中在发病后6 h以内溶栓者56例,6～24 h溶栓者189例.分析两组患者的血管再通率和90天预后.结果 脑血管造影发现颈内动脉(ICA)系统闭塞173例,椎基底动脉(VBA)系统闭塞72例;溶栓后ICA系统再通113例,VBA系统再通37例.治疗后90天预后好者180例,预后差者65例.溶栓后颅内出血12例.6 h内组和6～24 h组患者血管内溶栓治疗后90天预后良好率分别为80.35 %(45/56)和71.43 %(135/189),血管再通率分别为66.07%(37/56)和59.79%(113/189),血管再通中位时间分别为67 min和73 min.结论 动脉内接触性溶栓可以明显改善脑梗死患者的预后,仅以发病时间不超过6 h作为动脉内溶栓治疗标准不够全面,应当根据病情适当放宽动脉内溶栓的时间窗.     

动脉内溶栓治疗椎基底动脉系急性脑梗塞的初步临床应用

目的: 经动脉内溶栓治疗5例椎基底动脉系急性脑梗塞患者,观察其临床疗效.材料和方法: 5例患者发病均在12小时内; 治疗前均行CT检查,CT示没有出血或与神经功能缺损对应的低密度区.经右股动脉入路,全脑血管造影确认病变类型,选择性将微导管送入患侧椎基底动脉内病变处,在30min左右注入50～75万单位尿激酶.治疗1小时后行脑血管造影复查.结果: 5例患者中有4例血管再通.Glasgow评分,治疗前为6.20±1.30分,治疗后24小时9.40±4.56分;3例存活患者治疗前7.0±1.0分,治疗后24小时12.33±3.06分.3个月预后良好者有3例(RS评分0～1分);2例死亡.结论:早期动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗塞有助于闭塞血管再通,有益于病情恢复.     

急性脑梗死溶栓治疗的时间窗及其影响因素分析

目的 分析急性脑梗死患者不同时间的动脉内溶栓治疗效果,探讨影响治疗时间窗的因素.方法 54例脑梗死患者均在CT检查及血管造影基础上接受选择性动脉溶栓治疗其中在6 h以内溶栓者42例,6～24 h溶检者12例.统计两组患者术后血管再通率和神经功能缺失积分差值.结果 两组患者治疗有效率分别为88.1%和75.0%,显效率分别为71.4%和50.0%, 管再通率分别为69.0%和50.0%,血管再通中位时间分别为68和73min.结论 动脉内溶检时间窗是与多种因素密切相关的,仅以发病时间不超过6 h作为治疗标准是不够全面的,应当根据病情合理放宽溶栓的时间窗,最大限度降低患者的病残率,提高了患者的生活质量.     

急诊动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死

目的 观察急诊动脉内溶栓（intra-arterial thrombolysis,IAT)治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的疗效及并发症，分析预后相关因素。方法 对25例发病在6h内的急性缺血性脑梗死患者行IAT治疗。血管再通程度根据“急性心肌梗死溶栓标准”（TIMI）分类。临床结果评价在溶栓后30d进行，根据改良的Rank分数（MRS）分为好结果（MRS0－3）、差结果（MRS4－6）两类。结果 溶栓前18例（72％）患者为TIMI0-1,7例（28％）为TIMI2。溶栓后13例（72％）患者部分／完全再通，5例（28％）未再通。18例患者（72％）为好结果，7例（28％）为差结果，其中4例死亡。发生症状性脑出血4例（16％）。结论 急诊动脉溶栓是可行安全的，溶栓前侧支循环、再通及溶栓后24h神经学检查上的提高（NI）与好结果密切相关，无再通与脑出血及死亡密切相关。提高动脉内溶栓临床效果的关键在于提高再通率。     

急性缺血性脑梗死动脉介入溶栓治疗临床疗效观察

目的 探讨急性缺血性脑梗死经动脉溶栓的治疗效果。方法 采用尿激酶(UK)对19例急性缺血性脑梗死病人行动脉溶栓治疗，并行临床疗效判定及DSA再通判定。结果 19例患者中临床总有效率为89．5％，DSA再通率为89．5％，有些病人即使闭塞血管未完全再通但临床症状和体征也有好转。1例溶栓中引发脑出血，在短时间内吸收。结论 动脉溶栓是安全、有效的方法，但需注意治疗的个体化和预防并发症。     

动脉溶栓结合血管内支架成形术治疗急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死

目的　报道应用动脉溶栓结合血管内支架成形术治疗 1例急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死的方法和经验。方法　先进行动脉内溶栓治疗 ,然后对残余狭窄进行球囊支架成形术。结果　血管完全再通 ,脑血流量恢复 ,患者即刻症状改善。结论　动脉溶栓结合血管内支架成形术治疗急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死是安全可行的。     

缺血性脑卒中超早期静脉溶栓治疗

目的 :评价超早期尿激酶静脉溶栓疗法对急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效和安全性。材料和方法 :随机选择 2 0例急性缺血性脑卒中患者 ,发病时间在 6h以内 ,半小时之内静脉滴注尿激酶 15 0× 10 4U/人 ,溶栓前、溶栓后 15min及 2 4h分别做血管造影检查 ,并记录比较患者溶栓前后临床神经功能缺损评分 (欧洲脑卒中评分 )及治疗 90天研究终点时的BarthelIndex和改良RankinScale。结果 :大脑中动脉闭塞 8例 ,6例完全再通 ,1例部分再通 ;大脑前动脉闭塞 1例 ,完全再通 ;颈内动脉闭塞 6例 ,3例部分开通 ,3例未通 ;豆纹动脉闭塞的 5例 ;4例临床完全恢复。本组病例中 2例继发症状性脑出血。有 3例患者死亡 ,死亡率为 15 %。结论 :超早期静脉溶栓可以使闭塞的血管再通 ,改善患者预后 ,但必需严格把握适应证 ,否则会增加脑出血的发病率及患者的死亡率。     

88例缺血性脑卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗回顾性研究

目的 总结动脉溶栓治疗的影响因素,为动脉内溶栓治疗的合理应用提供理论依据.方法 通过回顾我中心88例急性缺血性脑卒中动脉内溶栓治疗住院病例,采集患者病史、起病过程的特点、发病与动脉溶栓的间隔时间、有无出血、是否死亡以及治疗之后(包括治疗后即刻、治疗后24 h)患者主要神经功能的变化过程,我们所选用的神经功能包括肌力、眼震及意识水平.脑血管造影回顾则采集动脉溶栓前后DSA血管形态的异常发现及变化,以及尿激酶用量.此后对上述指标进行整理,统计学处理.结果 本组患者,平均溶栓时间为5.8(5.8±3.3)h;DSA资料丢失20例,造影阴性率为14.7%,血管再通率(部分及完全再通)为36.2%,溶栓后早期(＜24 h)症状加重24例(27.3%).起病后6 h内接受动脉内溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者在治疗后24 h内加重率为31.7%,与6 h以上接受治疗者相比(18.5%)有明显差异(P=0.01);而与年龄、起病特点、溶栓后神经功能评分及血管造影结果及血管再通率间均无统计学差异.结论 在不分辨前后循环所有患者群体内,急性脑缺血性脑卒中的动脉溶栓时间窗可以延长至6 h,却面临更高的早期加重率.所以对于早期加重的原因揭示及有效处理,可以改善动脉溶栓的治疗效果.     

rt-PA动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的观察重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)动脉内溶栓(IAT)治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及并发症,分析预后相关因素。方法对12例发病后20h内的急性缺血性脑梗死患者行IAT治疗。血管再通程度根据“急性心肌梗死溶栓标准”(TIMI)分类。临床结果评价在溶栓后20d进行,根据改良的Rank分数(MRS)分为良好(MRS0～3)、不良(MRS4～6)两类。结果溶栓前1例为TIMI1,11例为TIMI0。溶栓后9例闭塞血管部分／完全再通,3例未再通。8例患者结果良好;4例不良结果;其中2例死亡。发生症状性脑出血1例,经治疗恢复良好。结论rt-PA用于急性脑梗死动脉溶栓,是安全可行的。     

急性缺血性脑梗死动脉内溶栓临床疗效评价

目的评价尿激酶动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法对162例急性缺血性脑梗死患者应用尿激酶进行局部动脉内溶栓治疗,分析不同阻塞血管部位血管再通率和3个月后格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)之间的关系。结果脑血管造影发现血管闭塞162例,其中颈内动脉系统闭塞119例(73.5%):颈内动脉(ICA)主干闭塞27例(16.7%),大脑中动脉(MCA)闭塞63例(38.9%),大脑前动脉(ACA)闭塞29例(17.9%);椎基底动脉(VBA)闭塞43例(26.5%)。溶栓后再通分别为11例,40.7%;49例,77.8%;20例,68.9%和23例53.5%。治疗后3个月恢复良好者90例(55.6%),预后差72例(44.4%)。颅内出血8例(4.9%);再灌注损伤73例(45.1%);再栓塞6例(3.1%)。分析后认为ICA主干、VBA动脉再通率较低,预后差;MCA、ACA再通率高,预后好;开始治疗时间血管再通率和临床疗效相关(相关系数r=0.86)。结论局部动脉溶栓可以明显改善脑梗死患者的预后;预后和开始治疗的时间、血管再通有相关性,大脑中、前动脉血管再通率高,预后较好;颈内动脉主干血管阻塞很难再通;椎基底动脉血管再通后症状有所改善;血管不能再通或并发脑出血预后较差。     

尿激酶动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗死致症状性脑出血多因素分析

目的 探讨尿激酶局部动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死并发症状性脑出血的原因及防治措施.方法 我院从1999年2月至2004年6月共有217例急性缺血性脑梗死进行尿激酶局部动脉内溶栓治疗,我们对并发症状性脑出血的密切相关因素利用SPSS11.5软件进行多因素逻辑回归分析,评价这些因素的风险.结果 症状性颅内出血共有8例（3.7%）,溶栓前高水平的收缩压[比数比（OR）,1.096;比数比的95%可信区间（CI）,1.006～1.194]和尿激酶治疗（OR, 1.068;95%CI,1.053～1.247）是预测症状性脑出血的因素.在溶栓患者,随收缩压升高,症状性脑出血的风险随之增高,其他年龄、溶栓开始时间、溶栓时脑卒中评分（NIHSS）、糖尿病、侧支循环因素均不能预测症状性脑出血发生与否.结论 尿激酶局部动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死并发症状性脑出血,与溶栓前高水平的收缩压和尿激酶治疗有关.     

急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死的局部动脉溶栓治疗

目的　检验局部注射尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死的安全性和疗效。方法　分析 5 4例接受局部动脉溶栓治疗的颈内动脉系统急性脑梗死患者 ,其中颈内动脉主干闭塞 3例(5 .6 %) ,大脑中动脉主干及分支闭塞 46例 (85 .2 %) ,大脑前动脉闭塞 5例 (9.2 %)。结果　预后好的患者共有 41例 (75 .9%) ,血管再通程度 >5 0 %39例 (72 .2 %) ,再通程度 <5 0 %的 15例 (2 7.8%)。颅内出血率为 2 0 .4%,病死率为 7.4%。结论　局部动脉溶栓是一种有效的治疗方法 ,可以提高血管再通率 ,改善脑梗死患者的预后。     

急性期缺血性脑梗塞的动脉内溶栓治疗

目的：报道和评价动脉内溶栓对急性期缺血性脑梗塞的治疗效果。方法：选择从１９９８年５月以来临床诊断的急性期缺血性脑梗塞患者９例（男８例,女１例）,行动脉内溶栓治疗,年龄在４７～８０岁之间,溶栓方法为将８０ＩＵ位尿激酶溶于８０ｍｌ５生理盐水内,在１ｈ以内经导管缓慢注入,病人病情在入院时、灌注后２４ｈ、１周、３月内由神经科医生以欧洲中风评分法（ＥＳＳ）综合评价。结果：溶栓治疗后３例血管得以再通,所有病人     

多模式MRI指导的超急性期缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓治疗

2008

磁共振多模式快速成像指导缺血性脑卒中溶栓八例 [其它论文] -中华神经科杂志2008

2.0.TX;2-J.aspx'>Treatment of acute ischemic stroke [其它论文] 2000

Extending the time window for thrombolysis:evidence from acute stroke trials 2005

The evolving role of acute stroke imaging in intravenous thrombolytic therapy:patient selection and outcomes assessment 2005

Schellinger PD.Thomalla G.Fiehler J MRI-basod and CTbased thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke within and beyond established time windows:an analysis of 1210 patients [其它论文] 2007

卫生部疾病控制司.中华医学会神经科学会 中国脑血管病防治指南 2005

Thomalla G.Schwark C.Sobesky J Outeome and symptomatic bleeding complications of intravenous thrombolysis within 6 hours in MRI-selected stroke patients:comparison of a german multicenter study with the pooled data of ATLANTIS,ECASS and NINDS rt-PA trials [其它论文] 2006

Warach S.Dashe JF.Edelman RR Clinical outcome in iachemic stroke predicted by early diffusion-weighted and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging:a preliminary analysis 1996

Barber PA.Darby DG.Desmond PM Prediction of stroke outcome with echoplanar perfusion-and diffusion-weighted MRL 1998

薛静.高培毅.林燕 MR血管成像在急性缺血性脑卒中溶栓治疗中的价值 [其它论文] -中华放射学杂志2008

Donnan GA.Howells DW.Markus R Can the time window for administration of thrombolyties in stroke be increased? 2003

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Intraarterial thrombolysis for treatment of acute stroke: experience in 26 patients with long-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Since the approval of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke, great interest has been generated in cerebral fibrinolysis. Our purpose was to assess long-term outcome and hemorrhagic risk in patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke treated with intraarterial urokinase. METHODS: Twenty-six patients were treated within 6 hours of ictus; of these, 21 were followed up for an average of 23 months. Angiographic reperfusion was classified according to thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grades. The Rankin Scale (RS) and the modified Barthel Index (mod BI) were used as outcome measures (good outcome: RS = 0-2, mod BI = 16-20; poor outcome: RS = 3-5, mod BI < or = 15). RESULTS: Ten of the 21 patients (average age, 48 years) had a good outcome; three (average age, 71 years) had a poor outcome; eight patients (average age, 78 years) died. Partial/complete (successful) recanalization was observed in 11 of 26 patients and minimal or no (unsuccessful) recanalization in 15. Recanalization favored a better outcome: nine of 21 had successful recanalization, with a good outcome in seven; 12 of 21 had unsuccessful reperfusion, with poor outcome/death in nine. Poor outcome was noted in five patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation occlusions, four of whom had unsuccessful recanalization and poor outcome or death. Hemorrhage occurred in 10 of the 26 patients, with clinical deterioration in three. The average dose of urokinase was higher in the hemorrhage group, and mortality was higher in patients who hemorrhaged. CONCLUSION: Intraarterial thrombolysis is feasible in the setting of acute stroke. Successful reperfusion is associated with a better outcome, and the prevalence of hemorrhage does not exceed that which occurs in the natural history of embolic stroke. Poor outcome or death is associated with nonrecanalization, older age, hemorrhage, and ICA bifurcation occlusions.     

Combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The intravenous use of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA) in acute ischemic stroke has been investigated in three large trials. Limited series have reflected outcome after local intraarterial thrombolysis (LIT) in the cerebral territory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis using rTPA (actilyse) for acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Forty-five patients with acute onset of severe hemispheric stroke and without signs of major cerebral infarction on early CT scans were randomized by order of admission. Twelve patients were treated with 50 mg actilyse (maximal dose, 0.7 mg/kg); three had occlusion of the internal carotid artery and nine had occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Thrombolysis was started by LIT and continued intravenously within 6 hours of stroke onset. Outcome, assessed after 1 and 12 months according to the modified Rankin scale (MRS), was considered good (MRS score, 0-3) for patients who were functionally independent and poor (MRS score, 4-5) for those who were dependent or had died. RESULTS: In the thrombolysis group, outcome was good in eight patients at 1 month and in 10 patients at 12 months; in the control group, outcome was good in seven (21%) and 11 (33%) patients, respectively. Of the eight patients with a good outcome after thrombolysis, four had complete and one had partial recanalization. In the control group, the rate of intracerebral hemorrhage was 6%. Mortality at 1 month in the thrombolysis and control groups was 17% and 48%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis with low-dose rTPA may be a safe and effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke within 6 hours in carefully selected patients.     

Intra-arterial thrombolysis using rt-PA in patients with acute stroke due to vessel occlusion of anterior and/or posterior cerebral circulation

Introduction The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in patients with acute stroke due to occlusion in the anterior or posterior circulation. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiological data of 88 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent emergency cerebral angiography for the purpose of subsequent IA thrombolysis. The neurological deficit on admission and discharge was graded using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Baseline computer tomography (CT) scans were examined for any signs indicative of cerebral ischemia. The angiographic findings were classified according to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score for myocardial infarction. Follow-up CT scans were examined for hemorrhagic complication. Results Of the 88 patients who underwent IA thrombolysis, 63 presented with complete or partial arterial occlusion in the suspected perfusion area. In these 63 patients, the median NIHSS score dropped from 15 points on admission to 10 points at discharge. The recanalization rate was 52.6% for partial and complete reperfusion. In-hospital mortality was 20.6% (9.1% for carotid, 44.4% for basilar territory occlusion). Intracerebral bleeding (ICB) occurred in 38.6% of the patients with occlusion in the anterior circulation, resulting in these patients presenting a worse clinical outcome than those without ICB. Only minor extracranial bleedings occurred in 20.6% of patients. Patients with ICB had a significantly higher frequency of ischemic signs on the baseline CT scan. Conclusion Occlusion of a cerebral artery is present in about 75% of the patients eligible for thrombolytic therapy. Intra-arterial thrombolysis using rt-PA in patients with acute ischemic stroke can achieve re-vascularization, although ICB remains the major risk factor affecting its efficacy.