光学相干断层成像分析极晚期支架内血栓形成

背景极晚期支架内血栓形成(VLST)是一种有致死风险的介入术后晚期并发症,但其具体发生机制尚不完全明确。目的应用光学相干断层成像(OCT)评价23例药物洗脱支架(DES)或金属裸支架(BMS)相关的VLST靶病变。方法入选VLST患者23例(18例DES,5例BMS),介入治疗前于靶病变处行OCT检查。结果支架植入至发生VLST的持续时间BMS组明显长于DES组[(112.00±51.36)个月vs(41.39±19.64)个月,P0.001]。BMS组新生内膜厚度大于DES组[(0.33±0.24)μm vs(0.26±0.22)μm,P0.001]。23例VLST靶病变中,OCT明确观察到支架内新生内膜含薄纤维帽粥样斑块(TCFA)18例(78.26%),支架内再狭窄15例(65.22%)。新生内膜破裂15例(65.22%),DES组与BMS组间差异无统计学意义(55.56%vs 100%,P=0.07),破裂位于最小管腔面积处13例(56.52%)。存在无内膜覆盖支架丝17例(73.91%),DES组高于BMS组(88.89%vs 20%,P=0.008)。同时存在新生内膜破裂和无内膜覆盖支架丝8例(34.78%)。与无新生内膜破裂相比,有新生内膜破裂病变更易出现TIMI血流3级(60.00%vs 12.50%,P=0.038)。结论本支架内新生内膜动脉粥样硬化进展至内膜破裂在BMS和DES相关的VLST病变中均普遍存在,且DES早于BMS。新生内膜延迟愈合在DES相关的VLST靶病变中较为多见。     

药物洗脱支架对糖尿病血运重建中期临床结果的影响

目的评价药物洗脱支架(DES)对糖尿病患者冠状动脉血运重建结果的影响。方法回顾置入DES糖尿病患者的临床、冠状动脉病变与血运重建资料,并进行临床随访。结果204例糖尿病患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)时置入了一个或以上的DES,共置入316枚支架,其中DES254枚。180例患者术后接受了平均为9.3±5(6~26)个月的临床随访(随访率88.2%)。主要不良心脏事件(包括死亡、再梗死和再次血运重建)发生率为3.9%(8/204)。18例患者平均于PCI术后6.7(5.5~10)个月接受造影复查(造影随访率8.8%),经DES处理的病变无1例出现再狭窄。结论糖尿病患者使用DES安全有效,能显著降低再狭窄率和靶病变再次血运重建率。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病药物洗脱支架置入远期预后及影响因素研究

目的观察冠心病合并2型糖尿病(DM)患者置入药物洗脱支架(DES)的远期预后及其影响因素分析。方法入选2006年3月至2009年3月沈阳医学院沈洲医院冠心病合并DM患者253例,首次冠脉介入(PCI)治疗置入DES,随访12个月以上,记录主要不良心血管事件(MACE)及支架内血栓(ST),支架内再狭窄,再发心绞痛发生情况。结果平均随访时间为(13.1±3.6)个月,42例(17.87%)发生MACE、ST及再发心绞痛,发生事件组冠心病家族史,既往急性心肌梗死者,左主干PCI,多支血管病变,CTO病变,病变数及重度病变明显多于非事件组(P0.05);急性心肌梗死及CTO为影响远期预后的独立危险因素。结论对于冠心病合并DM患者DES可降低再狭窄率,患者远期预后与自身病情及病变有关,综合危险因素管理更为重要。     

药物洗脱支架与金属裸支架内血栓发生率比较

目的:了解置入药物洗脱支架(DES)患者在经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)术后各期支架血栓(ST)的发生情况,并与置入金属裸支架(BMS)患者进行比较,探讨影响支架血栓发生的危险因素.方法:连续入选2001-07至2002-06和2003-07至2005-06期间接受PCI并置入支架的所有患者,共入选3 893例.随访至少2年.根据所使用支架分为DES组(n=2 930,至少置入1枚DES)和BMS组(n=963,单纯置入BMS).记录所有患者住院期和随访期内临床资料,并根据美国和欧洲学者组成的学术研究联盟(ARC)正式发表的支架血栓定义判定支架血栓事件.结果:与BMS组相比,DES组患者的平均年龄较大,而白细胞数、甘油三脂水平和空腹血糖水平较低,既往有冠脉血运重建病史者较多,但吸烟、糖尿病和ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)发生率较低;在DES组患者的冠脉病变中,多支病变、开口病变、前降支(LAD)近段病变和左主干(LM)病变发生率较高,但慢性完全闭塞性(CTO)病变所占的发生率较低,造影成功率及完全血运重建率均较高,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05～0.001).两组患者PCI术后无论在住院期还是之后的随访期内,所有的不良心脑血管事件发生率均无显著差异,而支架血栓发生率在急性期、亚急性期、晚期和晚晚期均无差异(P均＞0.05).Cox回归分析结果提示,DES组患者发生支架血栓的危险因素为:氯吡格雷疗程短和冠脉多支病变(P均＜0.001);而BMS组患者发生支架血栓的危险因素为:血清肌酐值升高和合并高血压(P均＜0.05).结论:尽管DES时代患者的病变更为复杂,所置入的DES数更多,但支架血栓的发生率并不比BMS时代更高.但术后双联抗血小板治疗的疗程过短和冠脉多支病变是支架血栓发生的危险因素,应引起重视.     

斑块组成对晚期药物支架贴壁不良影响的虚拟组织学血管内超声研究

目的探讨基线斑块组成对药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stent,DES)置入术后晚期支架贴壁不良(late stent malapposition,LSM)的影响。方法入选不稳定性心绞痛患者76例(113处病变)行冠状动脉原位病变DES置入及基线和随访虚拟组织学血管内超声检查,分为LSM组11例和无LSM组65例。结果 11例患者有16处(14.2%)病变,随访时发现LSM。不同DES比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。LSM组糖尿病(63.6%vs29.2%,P<0.05)、支架长度[(29.4±5.5)mmvs(26.2±6.0)mm,P<0.05]、坏死核心体积[(29.8±14.0)mm3 vs(21.4±9.5)mm3,P<0.01]及坏死核心体积百分比[(26.5±6.6)%vs(20.1±6.6)%,P<0.01]均明显高于无LSM组。多因素回归分析显示,坏死核心体积百分比(OR=1.144,95%CI:1.052¹.243,P=0.002)和糖尿病(OR=3.829,95%CI:1.1581.243,P=0.002)和糖尿病(OR=3.829,95%CI:1.158¹2.663,P=0.028)是LSM的独立预测因素。结论病变坏死核心成分和糖尿病与不稳定性心绞痛DES置入术后LSM形成有关。     

冠状动脉药物洗脱支架晚发支架内急性血栓形成分析

目的分析近期临床应用冠脉药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stent,DES)术后,晚发的支架内急性血栓形成病例的发生特点及可能影响因素。方法应用关键词:coronary artery、sirolimus、paclitaxil、drug-eluting stent、thrombosis,anuerysm、malapposition等,应用美国国立医学图书馆的PubMed系统和德国海德堡大学的电子期刊系统对临床医学核心期刊进行系统检索。对检索出的12个病例及本中心3例冠状动脉内置入DES后晚发支架内急性血栓形成病例汇总分析。结果共有15例患者,在DES(sirolimus和paclitaxel支架)术后出现晚发的支架内急性血栓形成和(或)同时合并冠脉瘤样扩张、支架与血管壁贴合不良(malapposition)。急性血栓发生时间:120~540天。9例患者在停用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷后4~15天发生;3例患者在DES置入部位出现明显冠脉瘤样扩张和(或)瘤腔内血栓形成;4例患者在DES发生急性血栓时、同时置入的6枚普通金属支架完全通畅。结论晚发的DES内急性血栓形成(≥6个月)、支架与血管壁贴合不良、明显的冠脉管壁瘤样扩张造成再次严重的心肌缺血或梗死。     

2型糖尿病患者药物洗脱支架置入术后支架内再狭窄危险因素分析

目的:探讨冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者药物洗脱支架(DES)置入术后,支架内再狭窄相关危险因素分析。方法:将连续性入选的368例患者根据冠状动脉造影结果分为支架内再狭窄(ISR)组(n=74)及非支架内再狭窄(non-ISR)组(n=294)。应用Cox’s比例风险模型对两组进行统计学分析。结果:单因素分析ISR组较non-ISR组具有更高的VLDL-C、TG、UA、病变血管数目、多支病变、SYNTAX评分及既往冠状动脉介入术(PCI)病史,non-ISR组具有较高的饮酒史。COX比例风险模型分析糖尿病患者(DM),DES置入术后ISR的独立危险因素是VLDL(HR=1.85,95%CI=1.24~2.77,P=0.002)、UA(每增加50μmol/L,HR=1.19,95%CI=1.05~1.34,P=0.006)、SYNTAX评分(每增加5分,HR=1.34,95%CI=1.03~1.74,P=0.031)、既往PCI病史(HR=3.43,95%CI=1.57~7.80,P=0.003)。结论:研究提示VLDL-C、SYNTAX评分、血尿酸水平、既往PCI病史是DM患者ISR的独立危险因素。     

PCI联合血栓抽吸术治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的疗效

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉支架植入术(PCI)联合血栓抽吸治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的临床疗效。方法行急诊PCI治疗的STEMI患者324例为研究对象,将血栓抽吸后直接植入支架的173例为观察组,将球囊预扩张后植入支架的151例为对照组,比较两组血栓抽吸后即刻及支架植入后TIMI血流分级情况、住院期间及随访12个月主要不良心血管事件(MACE)和次要终点事件发生率。结果支架植入后观察组TIMI血流≥Ⅱ级的比例高于对照组(P<0.05);支架植入2 h后,两组植入支架数、植入支架长度及支架直径无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组肌钙蛋白(c Tn)T峰值及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值显著低于对照组,ST段回落>50%的比例及术后10 d的左心室射血分数(LVEF)显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组患者住院期间MACE和次要终点事件发生率比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访12个月,观察组MACE和次要终点事件发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论血栓抽吸后直接行PCI治疗STEMI可显著改善患者心肌再灌注,改善短期预后。     

药物洗脱支架置入术后极晚期血栓患者再发支架内血栓的临床分析

目的分析药物洗脱支架(drug eluting stent,DES)置入术后极晚期血栓(very late stent thrombosis,VLST)患者再次发生支架内血栓的临床情况,探讨反复发生支架内血栓可能的相关因素。方法 2006年1月到2014年2月,共完成4463例急诊冠状动脉造影,入选经造影证实为DES置入术后VLST的患者66例。根据随访期间是否再次出现支架内血栓,将患者分为再发血栓组和对照组。比较两组患者的基线资料、造影和介入治疗资料以及抗血小板药物治疗情况。分析VLST患者再次发生支架内血栓的临床特点,探讨反复发生支架内血栓可能的相关因素。结果随访0.5~90个月,共有8例(12.1%)患者再发支架内血栓,为再发血栓组;其余58例未再发支架内血栓的患者为对照组。对两组患者的性别、年龄、VLST距第一次PCI时间、VLST时AMI部位(前壁ST段抬高)、Killip心功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ级、高血压等进行单因素分析,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。Cox单因素分析发现持续双重抗血小板治疗(dual anti-platelets therapy,DAPT)(HR 0.09,P=0.022)和再次置入第1代DES(HR 3.27,P=0.096)两项因素的P<0.1,纳入Cox多因素分析,结果提示,坚持持续的DAPT是随访中无再发支架内血栓的唯一预测因素(HR 0.10,95%CI 0.01~0.90,P=0.04)。结论DES置入术后VLST患者可再次发生支架内血栓,值得临床重视。避免再次置入第一代DES和坚持DAPT可能有助于减少支架内血栓事件的再次发生率。     

高龄患者冠状动脉介入治疗中两种支架术后出血并发症的比较

目的 比较高龄患者在药物洗脱支架(DES)和金属裸支架(BMS)植入后出血并发症的发生率,探讨高龄患者支架的选择问题。方法 2004年5月～2006年5月收治经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)年龄>75岁的冠心病患者360例,其中DES植入196例, BMS植入164例。术后按常规服药,随访1年。术后1,3,6及12个月复查血、尿常规、粪隐血,观察有无出血情况。结果 两组患者在性别、年龄、并发症及病变程度方面无明显差异。1年内DES组47例出现出血,出血并发症明显增多,而BMS组出血13例,且两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论 高龄患者DES植入术后出血率增加。     

The efficacy of bare metal stent implantation for patients with acute myocardial infarction in the drug-eluting stent era

BACKGROUND: Although several trials have demonstrated the safety of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, care must be exercised when DES are implanted in AMI cases because of the risk of in-stent thrombosis or adverse side effects of antiplatelet agents. On the other hand, recently, there has been much improvement in bare metal stents (BMSs), and thus, the efficacy of BMS implantation should be reevaluated. METHODS: We investigated the primary and long-term outcome of BMS implantation for AMI patients in the DES era (July 2004 to December 2006; n=97 [Group 1]) and compared the results with those in the pre-DES era (January 2002 to June 2004; n=81 [Group 2]), retrospectively. RESULTS: The most frequently used BMS in Group 1 was the Driver stent (63.9%) and in Group 2 the Duraflex stent (44.4%). Stent length and diameter were not significantly different between Group 1 and Group 2. The rates of in-stent restenosis, and target lesion revascularization were lower in Group 1 than in Group 2. Restenosis frequently occurred in small vessel lesions and in lesions that had required more than 10atm fully to dilate the pre-dilatation balloon at the primary PCI. CONCLUSIONS: Currently available BMSs are much more effective than old-type BMSs. However, DES implantation may be considered for small vessel diseases and lesions that need high pressure to dilate.     

应用双药物洗脱支架治疗分叉病变的近远期临床疗效

目的探讨应用双药物洗脱支架（DES）治疗分叉病变的临床疗效。方法选择分支开口有严重狭窄且分支口径≥2．50mm的分叉病变患者为本研究的入选对象。2003年10月至2005年6月共入选应用双DES治疗分叉病变的患者112例,113处病变。分叉病变的类型为前降支／对角支62例（54．9％）,左冠状动脉主干分叉病变32例（28．3％）,回旋支／钝缘支18例（15．9％）,右冠状动脉远端分叉病变1例。113处分叉病变中采用Crush技术64处,“T”型支架置入27处;改良“Y”型支架置入11处;对吻支架置入5处;“V”型支架置入和Culotte技术置入各3处。结果入选112例患者113处分叉病变中（226处病变）使用Cypher或Cypher select DES 91个,TAXUS DES 74个,Firebird DES 67个。64处分叉病变采用Crush技术置入双支架后60处（93．7％）完成了最后的对吻球囊扩张技术。手术成功率为100％。住院期间1例发生亚急性血栓致急性心肌梗死（AMI）,再次介入治疗成功。住院期间心脏事件发生率（MACE,包括死亡、AMI、再次血管重建）为0．89％（1／112）。112例均完成了9个月的临床随访,无死亡发生,1例发生AMI由晚期血栓形成所致。48例完成了9个月的冠状动脉造影随访（42．9％）,8例发生了支架内再狭窄,其中1例进行了冠状动脉旁路移植术,5例再次行介入治疗,总再狭窄发生率为16．7％（8／48）。随访期间MACE发生率为8．04％（9／112）。结论本研究结果显示对于分支口径≥2．5mm且口部有严重狭窄性病变的分叉病变,采用双DES治疗是安全的,近、远期临床疗效是满意的。与Cypher DES相比较,TAXUS DES的再狭窄发生率有增加的趋势。     

药物洗脱支架置入后血栓形成的原因分析

目的探讨药物洗脱支架置入后血栓形成的发生率以及血栓形成的原因。方法本研究为单中心药物洗脱支架的注册研究,自2001年12月至2005年12月共计3345例冠心病患者接受了药物洗脱支架的治疗,其中使用雷帕霉素洗脱支架（SES）2165例,使用紫杉醇洗脱支架（PES）1180例,完成10个月临床随访为2296例;所有患者均同时口服阿司匹林和氯吡格雷至少9个月。结果3345例患者中9例发生急性血栓形成（O．27％）,其中7例为SES、2例为PES所致（0．32％比0．17％,P=0．637）;7例发生亚急性血栓形成（0．21％）,其中5例为SES、2例为PES所致（0．23％比0．17％,P=0．526）;急性和亚急性血栓发生率为0．48％（16／3345）;13例有晚期血栓形成,5例为SES、8例为PES所致（0．34％比0．95％,P=0．114）;4例晚期血栓形成的主要原因为提前中断抗血小板药物,既往患有心肌梗死病史,心功能差,药物洗脱支架置入后晚期发生血栓致猝死6例。结论支架置入不满意,特别是分叉病变以及支架未能完全覆盖受损伤的病变段是急性和亚急性血栓形成的主要原因;中断抗血小板药物和左心功能不全是晚期血栓形成的主要原因。     

Stent thrombosis is a major concern in clinical practice: A single Saudi center experience

BackgroundDrug-eluting stents (DES) are used in the majority of patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and have reduced the rate of in-stent restenosis and repeated revascularization in comparison to bare metal stents. However, stent thrombosis (ST) is an uncommon but serious complication of coronary artery stents that is mostly fatal or presents as a large non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), usually with ST elevation.ObjectiveTo study the incidence of stent thrombosis in Middle Eastern Saudi patients who underwent PCI using both drug-eluting stents (DES) and bare metal stents (BMS). ST can occur acutely (within 24 h), sub acutely (within 30 days), or as late as one year (late) or even more than one year (very late).MethodsIn an observational, single center study in catheterization (cath) lab a total of 1386 patients underwent PCI between January 2008 and September 2010. The study included all patients in that period who had acute coronary syndrome and stable coronary artery disease (CAD).ResultsA total of 1386 patients had PCI and stent deployments; 19 (1.3%) patients had stent thrombosis, four patients (21%) received BMS and 15 patients (79%) received DES. Four patients had acute ST; five had subacute ST; eight patients had late ST; while two patients had very late ST. Nine patients (47%) had DM and eight patients (42%) had hypertension.ConclusionThe incidence of ST in Saudi patients who received DES at our center is similar to internationally reported numbers. Almost half of ST patients are diabetics and there is increasing concern that the risk for late stent thrombosis is slightly higher with DES than BMS.     

药物洗脱支架在老年急性心肌梗死患者治疗中疗效观察

目的评价药物洗脱支架治疗老年ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的安全性和有效性。方法连续性收集2005年1月-12月行直接介入治疗的105例60岁及以上的老年ST段抬高型AMI患者，其中，49例接受药物洗脱支架植入，56例接受金属裸支架植入，对两组患者术后30d和240d的主要心血管不良事件（包括死亡、非致死性再梗死和靶血管血运重建）进行随访、分析。结果药物洗脱支架组和金属裸支架组的手术成功率差异无统计学意义（96％与95％，P〉0．05）。术后30d内，药物洗脱支架组和金属裸支架组的心脏不良事件发生率差异无统计学意义（8、2％与12．5％，P〉0.05），两组由冠状动脉造影证实的早期支架内血栓发生率差异无统计学意义（2．0％与1．8％，P〉0.05）。术后240d随访，与金属裸支架植入比较，药物洗脱支架植入能明显减少心脏不良事件发生率[12．2％与30、0％，相对危险比为0、38，95％可信限（CI）：0、12～0、96，P〈0.053，靶血管血运重建率显著降低[2.0％与25．0％，相对危险比为0．08（95％CI：0．01～0.63），P〈0．01]。术后30～240d，两组未发生晚期支架内血栓。结论与金属裸支架比较，药物洗脱支架应用于老年ST段抬高型AMI患者可能并不增加支架内血栓的中期发生率，同时可以降低患者8个月靶血管再次血运重建率。     

Vascular Pathology of Drug-Eluting Stents

Polymer-based sirolimus- (Cypher) and paclitaxel-eluting stents (Taxus), so-called drug-eluting stents (DES), have become the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization (PCI). While these stents have reduced rates of restenosis and late lumen loss compared to bare-metal stents (BMS), late thrombosis, a life-threatening complication of this technology, has emerged as a major concern. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of late DES thrombosis is derived from animal and human pathologic samples taken after implantation of these devices. These data indicate that the DES cause substantial impairment in arterial healing characterized by lack of complete reendothelialization and persistence of fibrin when compared to BMS. This so-called delayed healing is "identified as" the primary substrate of an underlying cause of late DES thrombosis at autopsy. Several additional risk factors for late stent thrombosis include penetration of necrotic core, malapposition, overlapping stent placement, excessive stent length, and bifurcation lesions. These represent additional barriers to healing and should be avoided if DES are to be used in order to minimize the late thrombotic risks of these devices. Since the time course of complete healing with DES is unknown, the optimal duration of antiplatelet treatment remains to be determined.     

Vascular responses to drug eluting stents: importance of delayed healing

Polymer-based sirolimus- (Cypher) and paclitaxel-eluting (Taxus) drug eluting stents have become the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Although these stents reduce rates of restenosis compared with bare metal stents (BMS), late thrombosis, a life threatening complication, has emerged as a major safety concern. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of late DES thrombosis is derived from animal and human pathologic samples taken after implantation of these devices. These data indicate that both DES cause substantial impairment in arterial healing characterized by lack of complete reendothelialization and persistence of fibrin when compared with BMS. This delayed healing is the primary substrate underlying all cases of late DES thrombosis at autopsy. Several additional risk factors for late stent thrombosis such as penetration of necrotic core, malapposition, overlapping stent placement, excessive stent length, and bifurcation lesions represent additional barriers to healing and should be avoided if DES are to be used to minimize the risk of late thrombosis. Because the time course of complete healing with DES in man is unknown, the optimal duration of antiplatelet treatment remains to be determined.     

Comparison of long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes following implantation of bare metal stents and drug-eluting stents in aorto-ostial lesions

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to aorto-ostial (AO) lesions is technically demanding and associated with high revascularization rates. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes after bare metal stent (BMS) compared to drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation after PCI to AO lesions. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of all consecutive patients who underwent PCI to AO lesions at 2 centers. Angiographic and clinical outcomes in 230 patients with DES from September 2000 to December 2009 were compared to a historical control group of 116 patients with BMS. Comparison of the baseline demographics showed more diabetics (32% vs 16%, p = 0.001), lower ejection fractions (52.3 ± 9.7% vs 55.0 ± 11.5%, p = 0.022), longer stents (17.55 ± 7.76 vs 14.37 ± 5.60 mm, p <0.001), and smaller final stent minimum luminal diameters (3.43 ± 0.53 vs 3.66 ± 0.63 mm, p = 0.001) in the DES versus BMS group. Angiographic follow-up (DES 68%, BMS 66%) showed lower restenosis rates with DES (20% vs 47%, p <0.001). At clinical follow-up, target lesion revascularization rates were lowest with DES (12% vs 27%, p = 0.001). Cox regression analysis with propensity score adjustment for baseline differences suggested that DES were associated with a reduction in target lesion revascularization (hazard ratios 0.28, 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.52, p <0.001) and major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.32 to 0.79, p = 0.003). There was a nonsignificantly higher incidence of Academic Research Consortium definite and probable stent thrombosis with DES (n = 9 [4%] vs n = 1 [1%], p = 0.131). In conclusion, despite differences in baseline characteristics favoring the BMS group, PCI with DES in AO lesions was associated with improved outcomes, with lower restenosis, revascularization, and major adverse cardiac event rates.     

急性心肌梗死介入治疗后冠状动脉支架内亚急性血栓分析

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)支架置入术后支架内亚急性血栓形成的相关因素.方法 612例AMI支架置入术后患者,4例发生支架内亚急性血栓,分析血栓形成的相关因素.结果 4例AMI患者在介入治疗后2～13 d发生原梗死部位的再次AMI,经冠状动脉造影证实支架内血栓形成,发生率近0.7%,3例裸金属支架,1例药物洗脱支架.3例合并高血压,2例合并糖尿病.1例支架贴壁不完全,2例补救性PCI因出血并发症未规范抗凝、抗血小板治疗,再次PCI后,1例因左心衰死亡.结论 AMI后支架内亚急性血栓多发生于合并高血压、糖尿病患者,以及介入治疗后明显残余狭窄、血栓残留病变患者,合理选用支架,规范抗凝、抗血小板治疗是防止发生支架内亚急性血栓的关键措施.     

Clinical safety of drug-eluting stents in the Korea acute myocardial infarction registry.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) may be useful in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but safety issues still need to be solved. This study was undertaken to investigate the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and stent thrombosis in DES-implanted AMI patients in real-life clinical practice. METHODS AND RESULTS: On-line registry of AMI cases at the web site www.kamir.or.kr has been performed in 41 primary PCI centers in Korea and between November 2005 and September 2006, 1,541 surviving patients who had been implanted with either Cypher or Taxus stents were enrolled for analysis during a 6-month clinical follow-up. There were 2 groups: group I [834 patients, 61.9+/-11.9 years: sirolimus-eluting stent (Cypher)], group II [707 patients, 62.9+/-12.0 years: paclitaxel-eluting stent (Taxus)]. At both 1 and 6 months the incidence of MACE was not significantly different between the 2 groups. There were 17 cases of stent thrombosis, but the incidence of stent thrombosis was not significantly different between the 2 groups (group I:II=9 (1.1%):8 (1.1%), p=1.000). The stent type, length, number, lesion complexity and diabetes were not significant for the incidence of MACE or stent thrombosis after adjustment. CONCLUSION: MACE and stent thrombosis rates did not differ between 2 types of DES identified in Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR). DES can be used in patients with AMI with a relatively low 6-month MACE rate.