降钙素原联合血小板检测对脓毒症诊断及判断预后的临床意义

目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)联合血小板(PLT)对脓毒症的诊断及判断预后的意义。方法收集160例ICU危重全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患者,按脓毒症诊断标准分为脓毒症组与对照组,按是否发生脓毒性休克,将脓毒症组分为非脓毒性休克组与脓毒性休克组。所有患者急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统(APACHEⅡ)评分大于10分。收集入院24hAPACHEⅡ评分、序贯器官衰竭估计(SOFA)评分、白细胞(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、血小板计数(PLT)情况。采用SPSS21.0统计软件进行统计分析,比较非脓毒性休克组、脓毒性休克组和对照组间的PLT、CRP、PCT差异,脓毒症组PCT、PLT与SOFA、APACHEⅡ评分的相关性采用Pearson相关分析,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定PCT、PLT的诊断价值。结果脓毒症组PLT明显低于对照组,脓毒性休克组PLT明显低于非脓毒性休克组,脓毒症组CRP、PCT明显高于对照组,脓毒性休克组CRP、PCT明显高于非脓毒性休克组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,脓毒症组PCT与SOFA、APACHEⅡ评分呈显著正相关,PLT与二者呈显著负相关。ROC曲线确定PLT≤100×10~9/L,PCT≥2.0μg/L为最佳截点值,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.839、0.857,灵敏度分别为89.4%、87.4%,特异度分别为74.2%、69.8%。结论 PCT联合PLT对脓毒症诊断具有较高的临床意义。     

脓毒性休克患者抗菌肽LL-37与降钙素原联合检测价值

目的分析血清抗菌肽LL-37和降钙素原(PCT)水平与脓毒性休克患者病情及近期预后的相关性。方法选择90例全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患者作为研究对象,根据病情程度的不同分为脓毒性休克组44例和脓毒症组46例,另选择同期轻度感染患者50例设为对照组。比较3组患者外周血清抗菌肽LL-37、PCT、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平以及急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分的差异。应用Pearson相关分析评估血清抗菌肽LL-37、PCT与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分的相关性。随访28 d,根据预后的不同将脓毒性休克患者分为生存组与死亡组,比较2组血清抗菌肽LL-37、PCT水平差异。应用多元Logistic回归分析法分析脓毒性休克患者预后的影响因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清抗菌肽LL-37联合PCT水平对脓毒性休克患者预后的预测价值。结果脓毒性休克组血清抗菌肽LL-37、PCT、hs-CRP、IL-6水平以及APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分高于脓毒症组,且脓毒症组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。脓毒性休克患者血清抗菌肽LL-37、PCT分别与SOFA评分呈正相关(r=0.803、0.826,P=0.024、0.019),也分别与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.784、0.811,P=0.029、0.022)。死亡组血清抗菌肽LL-37、PCT水平高于生存组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。血清抗菌肽LL-37、PCT和SOFA评分均为脓毒性休克患者预后的影响因素(OR=2.913、2.887、2.457,P=0.029、0.036、0.045)。ROC曲线显示,血清抗菌肽LL-37联合PCT预测脓毒性休克患者随访28 d死亡的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.806,灵敏度为89.6%,特异度为82.4%。结论血清抗菌肽LL-37与PCT水平联合检测能有效评估脓毒性休克患者病情并预测近期预后。     

降钙素原对急诊脓毒症患者早期诊断的价值

目的 探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)在脓毒症的早期诊断及危险分层的价值.方法 90例患者中有脓毒症42例、严重脓毒症48例,检测两组患者血清PCT水平及超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC),中性粒细胞比例、乳酸水平;绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),评价PCT及相关炎症指标鉴别脓毒症高危患者的能力,并对PCT与序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)、WBC、乳酸、hs-CRP进行双变量相关性分析.结果 与脓毒症组比较,严重脓毒症组PCT浓度(μg/L)、hs-CRP(mg/L)、WBC(×109/L)、SOFA评分(分)均明显增高(PCT:7.228±2.153比0.172±0.165,hs-CRP:102.68±90.99比29.05±28.76,WBC:14.15±8.14比8.15±4.55,SOFA评分:9.87±2.47比3.09±1.55),差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);中性粒细胞、乳酸(mmol/L)略有升高(中性粒细胞:0.820±0.094比0.740±0.130,乳酸:1.47±0.99比1.18±0.60),但差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).ROC曲线分析显示,PCT的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.808,高于WBC、中性粒细胞、乳酸和hs-CRP(AUC分别为0.124、0.042、0.551和0.262);且PCT为1.000μg/L时,敏感性为80.3％,特异性为72.2％,优于其他传统炎症指标.双变量相关性分析显示,PCT与SOFA评分和WBC均呈显著正相关(r1=0.418,P1=0.006;r2=0.251,P2=0.011),而与乳酸、hs-CRP均无明显相关性(r1=0.186,P1=0.155;r2=0.089,P2=0.133).结论 血清PCT对脓毒症患者早期诊断具有较好的敏感性和特异性,必要时可作为危重病患者的常规监测指标,且有助于临床医师对脓毒症严重程度的评估.     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值联合序贯器官衰竭评分对老年脓毒症患者预后的评估价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)联合序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)对老年脓毒症患者的病情和预后的评估价值。方法选择首都医科大学宣武医院2018年6月至2019年6月急诊科住院的老年脓毒症患者131例,入院后给予血气分析及血常规等实验室检查,并进行SOFA评分和急性生理及慢性健康状况评分(APACHEⅡ)。所有入组老年脓毒症随访28 d,根据患者临床转归分成死亡组21例和生存组110例,比较两组患者白细胞计数(WBC)、NLR、SOFA评分和APACHEⅡ评分的区别,同时分析NLR、SOFA评分、APACHEⅡ评分、NLR联合SOFA评分预测老年脓毒症患者死亡的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC),并比较APACHEⅡ评分与其他研究指标AUC的区别。结果死亡组患者NLR、SOFA评分、APACHEⅡ评分均大于生存组(P 0.01),两组WBC差异无统计学意义(P=0.539); NLR预测老年脓毒症患者死亡的AUC为0.795(P=0.001),SOFA评分的AUC为0.775 (P=0.001),APACHEⅡ评分AUC为0.889 (P=0.001)。APACHEⅡ评分AUC大于NLR(P=0.047)。NLR联合SOFA评分的AUC为0.878 (P=0.001),与APACHEⅡ评分的AUC差异无统计学意义(P=0.781),显著大于NLR(P=0.005)。结论 NLR联合SOFA评分预测老年脓毒症患者预后的临床价值与APACHEⅡ评分相近。     

suPAR及PCT对脓毒症患者病情严重程度及预后的评判价值

目的 探讨血浆可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(suPAR)及降钙素原(PCT)对脓毒症患者病情严重程度及预后的评判价值.方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,将上海交通大学附属新华医院收治的77例脓毒症患者按照病情严重程度分为脓毒症组、严重脓毒症组和脓毒性休克组,测定患者入院后24 h内PCT、suPAR水平,并进行APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分,比较suPAR、PCT和APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分的差异.后再根据28 d的结局比较suPAR、PCT和APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分的差异.结果 脓毒症组患者血浆suPAR为(7.9 ±6.5) ng/mL,低于严重脓毒症组[(8.4±4.5) ng/mL]和脓毒性休克组[(13.9±8.0) ng/mL],但脓毒症组和严重脓毒症组之间的差异没有统计学意义,而严重脓毒症组低于脓毒性休克组,差异具有统计学意义.脓毒症组患者血浆PCT为(6.3±3.5) ng/mL,低于严重脓毒症组[(23.7±3.9) ng/mL]和脓毒性休克组[(25.7±4.3) ng/mL],差异具有统计学意义,但是严重脓毒症组和脓毒性休克组之间的差异无统计学意义.死亡组患者血浆suPAR水平及APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分高于生存组,差异具有统计学意义,而PCT水平在生存组和死亡组之间的差异没有统计学意义.根据受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析,PCT的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.61 (P ＞0.05),suPAR的AUC为0.803 (P＜0.05),APACHEⅡ评分的AUC为0.832 (P ＜0.05),SOFA评分的AUC为0.767 (P ＜0.05).其截断值suPAR为9.905 ng/mL.结论 监测脓毒症患者入院当天血浆suPAR及APACHEⅡ评分有助于早期对脓毒症患者进行预后评估和病情严重程度的判断.     

可溶性髓细胞触发受体-1在脓毒症诊断及病情判断的价值

目的 通过检测人血浆可溶性髓细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)水平,研究sTREM-1对脓毒症的诊断价值和在评估脓毒症严重程度及预后的意义.方法 将2010-05～2011-01收治的64例系统性炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患者,根据脓毒症诊断标准分为脓毒症组43例(脓毒症17例、严重脓毒症14例和脓毒性休克12例)、SIRS组(非感染)21例,根据28 d预后将脓毒症组分为存活组29例和死亡组14例.收集所有患者第1天的血浆,追踪留取脓毒症患者第1、4、7天的血浆,并记录对应时间的心率、白细胞计数、C反应蛋白(CRP)等临床数据.结果.患者入ICU第1天脓毒症组sTREM-1高于SIRS组[(147.28±58.32 pg/mL]比(81.61±24.57 pg/mL,P<0.05)];sTREM-1的受试者特征操作曲线下面积高于降钙素原(PCT)、CRP、IPS评分;sTREM-1水平变化与APACHEⅡ评分变化呈正相关(rs=0.446,P=0.000).sTREM-1水平在存活组则呈逐渐下降趋势,在死亡组随时间推移无明显变化趋势,死亡组sTREM-1于病程第4天起高于存活组同期对应指标(P＜0.05).结论.检测血浆sTREM-1可作为脓毒症早期诊断的指标,在诊断上具有良好的敏感性和特异性,诊断价值优于PCT、CRP及IPS评分等指标;动态监测检测血浆sTREM-1能反映疾病的严重程度及预后.     

肺炎继发脓毒症患者血清降钙素原和C反应蛋白变化及预后因素分析

目的探讨肺炎继发脓毒症患者血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)的变化及预后危险因素。方法 122例肺炎患者,其中单纯肺炎52例为肺炎组,肺炎继发脓毒症57例为继发脓毒症组,肺炎继发脓毒性休克13例为脓毒性休克组;比较3组PCT、CRP、急性生理与慢性健康状况(Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分、序贯器官衰竭估计(Sequential Organ Failure Assessment,SOFA)评分;绘制ROC曲线,分析PCT、CRP、APACHEⅡ评分对肺炎继发脓毒症和脓毒性休克的诊断价值;继发脓毒症患者70例根据预后分为存活组32例和死亡组38例,比较2组临床资料及PCT、CRP、APACHEⅡ评分和SOFA评分,采用多因素logistic回归分析肺炎继发脓毒症死亡的危险因素。结果肺炎组白细胞计数、PCT、CRP、APACHEⅡ评分[7.59(5.44,10.28)×10~9/L、0.12(0.05,0.33)μg/L、26.85(7.95,74.40)mg/L、2.0(1.0,4.0)分]低于继发脓毒症组[12.20(7.25,17.55)×10~9/L、0.80(0.21,1.96)μg/L、97.80(55.95,127.40)mg/L、11.0(7.5,17.0)分]、脓毒性休克组[15.90(7.00,22.34)×10~9/L、3.49(0.29,50.00)μg/L、122.90(48.90,200.00)mg/L、21.0(15.5,26.0)分](P0.05),继发脓毒症组PCT、APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分[5.0(3.0,7.0)分]低于脓毒性休克组[9.0(7.5,11.5)分](P0.05),白细胞计数、CRP水平与脓毒性休克组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);PCT、CRP、APACHEⅡ评分及三者联合检测诊断肺炎继发脓毒症的AUC分别为0.791、0.770、0.924、0.943,诊断脓毒性休克AUC分别为0.736、0.718、0.898、0.899;肺炎继发脓毒症死亡组年龄[(69.9±15.2)岁]、SOFA评分[(7.7±3.5)分]、氧合指数SOFA评分[3.0(2.0,4.0)分]、意识障碍发生率(71.1%)、APACHEⅡ评分[(16.7±7.1)分]高于生存组[(58.6±21.3)岁、(4.7±1.9)分、3.0(2.0,3.0)分、37.5%、(9.6±5.0)分](P0.05);氧合指数SOFA评分增高及APACHEⅡ评分增高是肺炎继发脓毒症死亡的独立危险因素(OR=2.979,95%CI:1.307~6.791,P=0.009;OR=1.179,95%CI:0.997~1.394,P=0.050)。结论 PCT、CRP及APACHEⅡ评分对肺炎继发脓毒症诊断有一定价值,APACHEⅡ评分对肺炎继发脓毒症及脓毒性休克的诊断准确性高于PCT、CRP,且三者联合可提高肺炎继发脓毒症的诊断效能;氧合指数SOFA评分和APACHEⅡ评分升高是肺炎继发脓毒症患者死亡的危险因素。     

肝素结合蛋白联合氨基末端脑钠肽前体和降钙素原在脓毒症诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨肝素结合蛋白(HBP)联合传统炎症指标降钙素原(PCT)及心肌损伤标记物氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-Pro-BNP)在重症患者发生脓毒症的诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性收集2018年11月至2020年4月江西省瑞昌市人民医院重症医学科(ICU)32例脓毒症确诊患者为实验组,同期非脓毒症患者48例为对照组;分析比较两组研究对象在一般情况、血HBP、PCT及NT-Pro-BNP值的差异及其与脓毒症发病的关系;绘制受试工作特征曲线(ROC),分析检测指标对脓毒症发病的预测作用。结果两组患者的年龄、性别比较差异无统计学意义;脓毒症组HBP、PCT、BNP水平均显著高于对照组(P 0.05);单变量的ROC分析结果显示,HBP、PCT、BNP的AUC值分别为0.749、0.757、0.703(P 0.05),其中PCT的预测效果最佳(AUC=0.757);双变量预测时,HBP联合BNP时曲线下面积最大(AUC=0.768);3个变量进行预测时,HBP、PCT与BNP联合的曲线下面积为0.764。结论 HBP水平、BNP值和PCT值能有效帮助临床医生诊断患者是否发生脓毒症。其中,HBP和BNP联合检测有助于提高脓毒症诊断效果。     

英国国家早期预警评分对急诊老年严重脓毒症及脓毒症休克患者预后的评估价值

目的探讨英国国家早期预警评分(NEWS)对急诊老年严重脓毒症及脓毒性休克患者病情及预后的评估。方法收集首都医科大学宣武医院急诊老年严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克患者116例,就诊后采集患者的常规生理生化指标,并行NEWS评分,APACHEⅡ评分和SOFA评分,随访28 d,根据患者预后分为死亡组和存活组,分别比较死亡组和存活组NEWS评分,APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分区别;比较脓毒性休克和严重脓毒症组的NEWS评分,APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分的区别;NEWS评分与APACHEⅡ评分。SOFA评分的相关性分析;通过分析ROC曲线下面积(AUC)确定NEWS评分对老年严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克患者预后的评估价值。结果脓毒性休克组患者NEWS评分;APACHEII评分和SOFA评分大于严重脓毒症组;死亡组NEWS评分;APACHEII评分和SOFA评分均显著大于存活组(P<0.05);NEWS评分水平与APACHEⅡ评分。SOFA评分具有显著相关性(r=0.807、0.883,P<0.05),NEWS评分;APACHEII评分和SOFA评分预测死亡ROC曲线下面积分别为0.870、880、0.865(P>0.05)。结论 NEWS评分对急诊老年严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克患者的病情和预后具有重要的评估价值,评分愈高提示患者预后愈差。     

血清中总RNA浓度在脓毒症诊断与预后评估中的应用

目的 探讨血清中总RNA浓度在脓毒症患者诊断及预后评估方面的应用.方法 选择2009年10月至2010年11月入住解放军总医院重症监护病房(ICU)脓毒症患者76例,取血提取总RNA后测定其浓度,用散射比浊法测定C-反应蛋白(CRP),用酶联荧光分析试验(ELFA)测定降钙素原(PCT);并记录患者的急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分和序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA).另选取24例年龄、性别匹配的健康人作为对照组.绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),判断血清总RNA浓度诊断脓毒症的最佳水平;采用二分类变量logistic回归分析脓毒症患者死亡危险因子.结果 脓毒症组血清中总RNA浓度(ng/μl)较健康对照组明显升高[4.233 (0.204,37.733)比1.593(0.319.5.913),P＜0.01],其诊断脓毒症的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.820;当总RNA浓度为2.027 ng/μl时,诊断脓毒症的敏感性为95.9％,特异性为65.2％.总RNA浓度在健康对照组、脓毒症生存组(42例)和死亡组(34例)呈逐级增高的趋势[3组分别为1.593(0.319,5.913)、4.178(0.204,10.776)、5.006(0.997,37.733),F=8.061,P=0.001].二分类变量多因素logistic回归分析显示,APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分是脓毒症患者死亡的独立危险因子[APACHEⅡ评分:优势比(OR)=1.265,95％可信区间(95％CI)为(1.031,1.553),P=0.025;SOFA评分:OR=1.151,95％ CI( 1.031,2.284),P=0.012],而PCT则无关[OR=1.075,95％CI(0.974,1.187),P=0.151].总RNA浓度在二分类变量单因素logistic 回归分析中显示的OR为1.149,但南于样本量太少,P=0.061.结论 脓毒症患者血清总RNA浓度明显升高,且与病情严重程度相关,可以用于脓毒症时的检测.     

Presepsin在脓毒症早期诊断和预后评估中应用价值

目的探讨血浆Presepsin水平对脓毒症的诊断和预后评估的临床意义。方法 90例脓毒症患者根据是否休克分为脓毒症组和脓毒症休克组各45例,体检健康者45例为对照组,检测并比较3组血浆Presepsin、降钙素原(procalcitonin, PCT)、高敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP)水平;比较脓毒症休克组与脓毒症组小儿危重症评分、SOFA评分、白细胞计数、血小板计数、乳酸、B型钠尿肽原水平,比较脓毒症患者中死亡者(死亡组)与存活者(存活组)血浆Presepsin、PCT和hs-CRP水平、小儿危重症评分和SOFA评分,采用Spearman相关分析Presepsin与PCT、hs-CRP、小儿危重症评分、SOFA评分的相关性;采用ROC曲线评估Presepsin、PCT、hs-CRP对脓毒症的诊断效能。结果脓毒症休克组患者血浆Presepsin[(1 581.74±1 142.54)ng/L]、PCT[(3 242.61±1 693.47)ng/L]和hs-CRP[(159.47±85.78)mg/L]水平明显高于脓毒症组[(279.78±123.57)ng/L、(2 158.96±1 529.77)ng/L、(116.74±71.85)mg/L]和对照组[(67.71±33.15)ng/L、(7.79±5.52)ng/L、(2.51±1.47)mg/L](P<0.05),脓毒症组高于对照组(P<0.05);脓毒症休克组患者SOFA评分及乳酸、B型钠尿肽原水平高于脓毒症组(P<0.05),小儿危重症评分、血小板计数、白细胞计数低于脓毒症组(P<0.05);死亡组血浆Presepsin、PCT、hs-CRP水平及小儿危重症评分、SOFA评分均明显高于存活组(P<0.05);血浆Presepsin水平与血浆PCT、hs-CRP水平、SOFA评分均呈正相关(r=0.714,P<0.001;r=0.756,P<0.001;r=0.838,P<0.001),与小儿危重症评分呈负相关(r=-2.787,P<0.001);血浆Presepsin水平诊断脓毒症的AUC(0.924)、灵敏度(72.0%)和特异度(90.0%)均高于PCT(0.684、60.0%、80.0%)和hs-CRP(0.617、50.0%、70.0%)(P<0.05)。结论检测血浆Presepsin水平有助于脓毒症的早期诊断、病情程度判断和预后评估。     

血浆可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1对脓毒症早期诊断的价值及预后意义

目的 探讨血浆可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1(soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1,sTREM-1)对脓毒症早期诊断的价值及预后意义。方法 采用前瞻性病例对照研究。将2009年5月至2010年6月天津医科大学第二医院重症监护病房( ICU)收治的56例系统性炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患者,根据2001年国际脓毒症会议诊断标准分为脓毒症组32例、SIRS组24例,同时收集非SIRS患者25例作为对照组,根据28 d转归将脓毒症组分为生存组和死亡组两个亚组。入院24h内测定血常规、血气分析、血生化、降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白(CRP),记录最高体温(T),进行急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测sTREM-1水平。采用SPSS 16.0统计分析软件进行数据处理,计量资料采用方差或Kruskal-Wallis H检验,相关性分析采用Spearman相关系数。结果 血浆sTREM-1水平脓毒症组高于SIRS组及对照组[分别为250.9 (195.8 ～ 354.3) ng/L、103.6(89.4～166.2)ng/L、33.6 (26.2 ～43.0) ng/L,P＜0.01],死亡组高于生存组[分别为360.5 (262.2 ～434.5)ng/L、204.1（175.0～269.6）ng/L,P＜0.01];脓毒症组患者血浆sTREM-1水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r,=0.426,P=0.032);sTREM-1 ROC曲线下面积为0.935,高于PCT、CRP。结论 血浆sTREM-1水平对脓毒症早期诊断有一定意义,早期sTREM-1水平升高与不良预后相关。     

降钙素原对脓毒症的早期诊断价值

目的　评价血清降钙素原 (PCT)在脓毒症 (Sepsis)病人早期诊断和治疗中的意义。方法　对重症监护病房 (ICU )内 160例危重病人进行前瞻性研究 ,按照全身炎症反应综合症 (SIRS)的定义 (ACCP/SCCM ) ,将病人分为四组 :对照组2 0例、SIRS组 5 0例、血培养阴性脓毒症组 46例、血培养阳性脓毒症组 44例。在入院第 1天记录每例病人的急性生理与慢性健康评分 (APACHE Ⅱscore)、临床和生理指标及血清PCT和C 反应蛋白 (CRP)浓度。结果　血清PCT浓度在脓毒症组与非脓毒症组之间存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 0 1) ,在血培养阳性脓毒症组与血培养阴性脓毒症组之间亦存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。而在对照组与SIRS组之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .5 )。血清PCT >2 .0ng/ml即可诊断脓毒症 ,其灵敏度和特异性分别为 93 .3 %和 10 0 % ,血清PCT >10ng/ml即可诊断菌血症 ,其灵敏度和特异性分别为 88.9%和85 .6%。结论　PCT是诊断脓毒症的一个新的主要指标之一。对ICU危重病人常规检测PCT有助于脓毒症的早期诊断和合理治疗。     

Procalcitonin: a valuable indicator of infection in a medical ICU?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of procalcitonin (PCT) for the diagnosis of infection in a medical ICU. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. PATIENTS: Seventy-seven infected patients and 24 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to other causes. Seventy-five patients could be classified into sepsis (n = 24), severe sepsis (n = 27) and septic shock (n = 24), and 20 SIRS patients remained free from infection during the study. Plasma PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated within 48 h of admission (day 0), at day 2 and day 4. RESULTS: As compared with SIRS, PCT and CRP levels at day 0 were higher in infected patients, regardless of the severity of sepsis (25.2 +/- 54.2 ng/ml vs 4.8 +/- 8.7 ng/ml; 159 +/- 92 mg/l vs 71 +/- 58 mg/l, respectively). At cut-off values of 2 ng/ml (PCT) and 100 mg/l (CRP), sensitivity and specificity were 65% and 70% (PCT), 74% and 74% (CRP). PCT and CRP levels were significantly more elevated in septic shock (38.5 +/- 59.1 ng/ml and 173 +/- 98 mg/l) than in SIRS (3.8 +/- 6.9 ng/ml and 70 +/- 48 mg/l), sepsis (1.3 +/- 2.7 ng/ml and 98 +/- 76 mg/l) and severe sepsis (9.1 +/- 18. 2 ng/ml and 145 +/- 70 mg/l) (all p = 0.005). CRP, but not PCT, levels were more elevated in severe sepsis than in SIRS (p<0.0001). Higher PCT levels in the patients with four dysfunctional organs and higher PCT and CRP levels in nonsurvivors may only reflect the marked inflammatory response to septic shock. CONCLUSION: In this study, PCT and CRP had poor sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of infection. PCT did not clearly discriminate SIRS from sepsis or severe sepsis.     

Effect of neutrophil CD64 for diagnosing sepsis in emergency department

BACKGROUND:The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of neutrophil CD64(nCD64)as a novel biomarker in sepsis patients.METHODS:One hundred fifty-one adult patients diagnosed with sepsis and 20 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Patients with sepsis were further subdivided into a sepsis group and a septic shock group.nCD64 expression,serum procalcitonin(PCT)level,C-reactive protein(CRP)level,and white blood cell(WBC)count were obtained for each patient,and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)scores were calculated.RESULTS:nCD64 expression was higher in the sepsis group with confirmed infection than in the control group.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of nCD64 was higher than those of SOFA score,PCT,CRP and WBC for diagnosing infection.The area under the curve(AUC)of nCD64 combined with SOFA score was the highest for all parameters.The AUC of nCD64 for predicting 28-day mortality in sepsis was signifi cantly higher than those of PCT,CRP,and WBC,but slightly lower than that of SOFA score.The AUC of nCD64 or PCT combined with SOFA score was signifi cantly higher than that of any single parameter for predicting 28-day mortality.CONCLUSION:nCD64 expression and SOFA score are valuable parameters for early diagnosis of infection and prognostic evaluation of sepsis patients.     

血清降钙素原和D-二聚体检测在急诊脓毒症患者病情及预后评估中的应用价值

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)和D-二聚体(D-D)检测在急诊脓毒症患者病情及预后评估中的应用价值。方法选取2017年1月至2018年4月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院收治的脓毒症患者80例,回顾性分析患者的临床资料,根据病情严重程度将患者分为脓毒症组(n=35)、严重脓毒症组(n=25)、感染性休克组(n=20)。随访1年,根据患者治疗结局分为死亡组(n=24)与存活组(n=56),比较各组患者的血清PCT、D-D水平。结果感染性休克组患者的血清PCT[(17.97±1.84) ng/ml]、D-D [(5.13±0.58)mg/L]水平及死亡率(30.00%)显著高于脓毒症组患者的血清PCT [(3.47±1.06) ng/ml]、D-D[(1.60±0.34) mg/L]水平、死亡率(2.86%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。严重脓毒症组患者的血清PCT[(10.55±1.49) ng/ml]、D-D[(3.35±0.42)mg/L]水平及死亡率(20.00%)显著高于脓毒症组患者的血清PCT、D-D水平和死亡率(2.86%)差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。死亡组患者的血清PCT[(6.01±1.27) ng/ml]、D-D [(2.14±0.72) mg/L]水平显著高于存活组患者的血清PCT[(19.34±2.11) ng/ml]、D-D[(5.78±1.24) mg/L]水平差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脓毒症患者治疗后的简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE量表)评分显著高于严重脓毒症和感染性休克组,急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHEII)评分、序贯器官衰竭估计评分(SOFA)均显著低于严重脓毒症和感染性休克组,三组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论检测血清PCT和D-D水平可有效评估急诊脓毒症患者的病情,并可有效预测患者的预后具有重要的临床意义。     

The diagnostic ability of procalcitonin and interleukin-6 to differentiate infectious from noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome and to predict mortality

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to quantify the ability of procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) to differentiate noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis and to predict hospital mortality.MaterialsWe recruited consecutively adult patients with SIRS admitted to an intensive care unit. They were divided into sepsis and noninfectious SIRS based on clinical assessment with or without positive cultures. Concentrations of PCT and IL-6 were measured daily over the first 3 days.ResultsA total of 239 patients were recruited, 164 (68.6%) had sepsis, and 68 (28.5%) died in hospital. The PCT levels were higher in sepsis compared with noninfectious SIRS throughout the 3-day period (P < .0001). On admission, PCT concentration was diagnostic of sepsis (area under the curve of 0.63 [0.55-0.71]), and IL-6 was predictive of mortality, (area under the curve of 0.70 [0.62-0.78]). Peak IL-6 concentration improved the risk assessment of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score for prediction of mortality among those who went on to die by an average of 5% and who did not die by 2%ConclusionsProcalcitonin measured on intensive care unit admission was diagnostic of sepsis, and IL-6 was predictive of mortality. Addition of IL-6 concentration to SOFA score improved risk assessment for prediction of mortality. Future studies should include clinical indices, for example, SOFA score, for prognostic evaluation of biomarkers.     

Discrimination of sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome by determination of circulating plasma concentrations of procalcitonin, protein complement 3a, and interleukin-6

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether plasma concentrations of procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), protein complement 3a (C3a), leukocyte elastase (elastase), and the C-reactive protein (CRP) determined directly after the clinical onset of sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) discriminate between patients suffering from sepsis or SIRS and predict the outcome of these patients. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit at a university hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-two patients with sepsis and 11 patients with SIRS. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The plasma concentrations of PCT, C3a, and IL-6 obtained < or =8 hrs after clinical onset of sepsis or SIRS but not those of elastase or CRP were significantly higher in septic patients (PCT: median, 16.8 ng/mL, range, 0.9-351.2 ng/mL, p = .003; C3a: median, 807 ng/mL, range, 422-4788 ng/mL, p < .001; IL-6: median, 382 pg/mL, range, 5-1004 pg/mL, p = .009, all Mann-Whitney rank sum test) compared with patients suffering from SIRS (PCT: median, 3.0 ng/mL, range, 0.7-29.5 ng/mL; C3a: median, 409 ng/mL, range, 279566 ng/mL; IL-6: median, 98 pg/mL, range, 23-586 pg/mL). The power of PCT, C3a, and IL-6 to discriminate between septic and SIRS patients was determined in a receiver operating characteristic analysis. C3a was the best variable to differentiate between both populations with a maximal sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 80%. An even better discrimination (i.e., a maximal sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 80%) was achieved when PCT and C3a were combined in a "sepsis score." C3a concentrations also helped to predict the outcome of patients. Based on the sepsis score, a logistic regression model was developed that allows a convenient and reliable determination of the probability of an individual patient to suffer from sepsis or SIRS. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the determination of PCT, IL-6, and C3a is more reliable to differentiate between septic and SIRS patients than the variables CRP and elastase, routinely used at the intensive care unit. The determination of PCT and C3a plasma concentrations appears to be helpful for an early assessment of septic and SIRS patients in intensive care.     

降钙素原与内毒素在危重症患者脓毒症早期诊断及预后的价值研究

目的评价降钙素原(PCT)与内毒素(ET)检测在危重症患者脓毒症早期诊断及预后价值。方法前瞻性收集2015年2月至2016年10月该院重症医学科(ICU)收治疑似脓毒症患者为研究对象,有104例纳入此项研究。其中,全身炎症反应综合征31例(SIRS组),脓毒症30例(脓毒症组),严重脓毒症24例(严重脓毒症组),脓毒症休克19例(脓毒症休克组)。以脓毒症患者出院作为观察预后,共存活57例(存活组),死亡16例(死亡组)。检测所有患者入院时PCT、ET水平并收集相关临床资料,运用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价各指标的效能。结果脓毒症组、严重脓毒症组、脓毒症休克组PCT水平、APACHE-Ⅱ评分、ET水平均明显高于SIRS组,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。PCT水平和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHE-Ⅱ评分)随着感染程度的严重而升高(P0.05),ROC曲线显示PCT诊断脓毒症的敏感性为82.2%,特异性为87.5%。PCT水平和APACHE-Ⅱ评分在死亡组水平更高,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而ET水平在两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),ROC曲线显示,PCT预测脓毒症患者死亡的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.867要显著高于APACHE-Ⅱ评分的0.762,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论相比APACHE-Ⅱ评分和ET,PCT检测更有助于临床医师早期诊断和治疗脓毒症患者。